COMPARISON A RUNNING SMOOTHNESS OF A WHEELED TRACTOR WITH A SEMITRAILER TANK OR UNIT WHILE DRIVING ON ASPHALT-CONCRETE SURFACE

The problem of providing functional stability while moving vehicles arises during research of the types of transport works used in agriculture. A wheeled tractor with trailer or semitrailer units is used as a vehicle in the agricultural sector. These days most manufacturers of tractor technology increase the performance of transport work, such as increasing of engines power and cargo transportation. This trend is dangerous, especially when transporting units with variable mass (tanks), because the transportation of liquid cargo leads to significant self-oscillations, which effects on the movement dynamics. One of the studies that characterizes the dynamics of the vehicle movement is running smoothness. This research can provide information about the driver's comfort and vibration occurrence in a vehicle. The materials in this article are basic in the study of running smoothness of a tractor with a variable mass unit and also provide prerequisites for the coverage of the recommendations for reducing driver seat and tractor frame vertical acceleration

Theoretical research into directional stability of trailed tandem- type disk harrow

Received: August 27th, 2021 ; Accepted: October 6th, 2021 ; Published: October 7th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is one of the methods of soil cultivation, provides its effective crumbling, loosening, partial mixing and soil inversion. This ensures that crop residues on the soil surface are shredded and intermixing with loosened soil particles. Since, in addition to crop stubble, weeds are also counted as crop residues, soil disking, along with the use of herbicides, is often regarded as the most effective method of controlling the weediness of the agricultural background. Despite the fact that numerous studies on the disk harrow working process are available, insufficient attention has been paid to the study of the stability of harrow machine-tractor units, especially trailed ones. The purpose of this study is to establish the theoretical patterns that would provide for selecting the trailed disk harrow parameters that ensure the desired directional stability of the implement, which, in its turn, helps to achieve the desired qualitative performance of the disk harrowing machine-tractor unit. The principles of the theory agricultural machine, analytical mechanics, higher mathematics, as well as methods of PC-assisted numerical calculations have been used. According to the results of the study, it has been established that sufficient directional stability of the trailed disk harrow can be ensured if its working width B, the distance from the hitch point to the centre of resistance (parameter d) and the operating speed are properly selected. Determining the above-mentioned parameters of the disk harrow with the use of the obtained new analytical relations ensures achieving just their optimal combination, which provides for the maximum field productivity of the harrow machine-tractor unit with the satisfactory stability of disk harrow movement in the horizontal plane

A mathematical model of the rear-trailed top harvester and an evaluation of its motion stability

Received: October 7th, 2021 ; Accepted: December 10th, 2021 ; Published: December 10th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] the quality of sugar beet harvesting to a great extent depends on the first operation in the process, which involves cutting and harvesting sugar beet tops. This technological process is performed with the use of either the haulm harvesting modules of beet harvesters or top harvesting machines as separate agricultural implements, which are aggregated with a tractor. At the same time, front-mounted harvesters are as widely used as trailed asymmetric implements, in which case the aggregating tractor moves on the already harvested area of the field. The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal design and kinematic parameters that would improve the stability in the performance of the technological process of harvesting sugar beet tops by means of developing the basic theory of the plane-parallel motion performed by the rear-trailed asymmetric top harvester. As a result of the analytical study, an equivalent scheme has been composed, on the basis of which a new computational mathematical model has been developed for the plane-parallel motion of the asymmetric top harvester in the horizontal plane on the assumption that the connection between the wheeled tractor and the rear-trailed top harvester is made in the form of a cylindrical hinge joint. Using the results of mathematical modelling, the system of linear second-order differential equations that determines the transverse movement of the centre of mass of the aggregating wheeled tractor and the rotation of its longitudinal symmetry axis by a certain angle about the said centre of mass as well as the angle of deviation of the rear-trailed asymmetric top harvester from the longitudinal symmetry axis of the tractor at an arbitrary instant of time has been obtained. The solving of the obtained system of differential equations provides for determining the stability and controllability of the motion performed by the asymmetric machine-tractor unit, when it performs the technological process of harvesting sugar beet tops

The study of movement of the wide span tractor-based field machine unit with power method of its control

Recently, rapid development of controlled traffi c farming convincingly demonstrates the broad prospects of using the wide span tractor-based fi eld machines throughout the world. The issue at hand lies in the fact that having a wide span tractor-based machine with steering-wheel system moving along the tracks of a constant technological track is not a rational option. According to the concept of bridge and rutting agriculture, it is advisable to subordinate the automated means of mechanization to the principles of the functioning of the coordinate transport system in which machines can move only in two mutually perpendicular directions and for implementation of which the fi eld must have strictly defi ned dimensions. Therefore, a method of power steering similar to a crawler tractor (track-type tractor) can be more effi cient in the automatic driving of bridge means of mechanization within the coordinate-transport system than a kinematic control. Furthermore, methodology utilized for selection of design schemes, parameters and operating modes of machine-tractor aggregates can not be used for study of dynamics of the wide span tractorbased field machine. Theoretical study is based on theoretical mechanics, theory of mobile energy facilities, statistical dynamics and theory of automatic control of linear dynamical systems with reproduction of statistically random control and disturbing input effects. Purpose of the research lies in development of a dynamic model of plane parallel motion in the horizontal plane of a wide span tractor-based fi eld machine unit using a power (onboard) method of control, which would allow investigation of impacts of the control parameters and disturbing infl uences on the controllability and stability of its motion. Mathematical models have been developed and new regularities of the straightforward parallel movement of the wide span tractor-based fi eld machine unit for controlled traffi c farming have been obtained. The results obtained allow the validation of new schemes, design parameters and modes of operation with acceptable controllability and stability of movement in the horizontal plane with a power control method of the chassis

Jordan Imports and Tariff Regimes: A Revisit

Jordan made substantial market access commitments as part of its WTO membership negotiations. Jordan has low average tariffs with single or two digits rate and ad valorem-only duties with some exceptions where specific duties apply. Customs standards in Jordan were streamlined in accordance with WTO rules. Jordan confirmed in its accession to the WTO that free zones or export processing zones would be fully subject to the coverage of the commitments taken in the protocol of accession. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyse Jordan’s current imports and tariffs regime

Experimental investigation of the work of a ploughing aggregate, operating according to the system ‘push- pull’

ArticleThe use of ploughing machine - and - tractor aggregates, operating according to the principle of ‘push - pull’ , finds increasing application in the world since it allows ensuring the stability of the movement and the depth of ploughing, reduction of the energy indicators. The aim of this experimental study is to determine under field conditions the dynamic and ope rational technological parameters of the ploughing machine - and - tractor aggregate, operating according to the ‘push - pull’ system. This aggregate was an integral ploughing - tillage wheeled HTZ 16131 tractor, in front of which there was mounted a two - bottom pl ough, and at the rear – four - bottom ploughs. This aggregate has satisfactory path parameters of the movement during the execution of the technological process of ploughing. The oscillations of the furrow path for this aggregate are of a low - frequency natur e and are concentrated in a rather narrow frequency range (0...50 m - 1 ). At the operating speed of 2.0 m ∙ s - 1 it is 0...0.16 Hz. The maximum value of the mutual correlation function between the input impact (the turning angle of the driven wheels of the aggr egating tractor) and the output value – its relative bearing is positive and reaches a value of 0.88. Stability of the ploughing depth for the aggregate according to the ‘2 + 4’ scheme is ± 1.65 cm 2 , which is normally the smaller value of the same indicato r for a serial ploughing aggregate (± 1.98 cm 2 )

THE IMPACT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY IN WESTERN MEXICO

This paper examines the economics of introducing conservation tillage into maize cropping systems in the state of Jalisco, in the western part of Mexico. A stochastic cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) of introducing conservation tillage in two contrasting agro-climatic zones in the four main maize management systems in the area was carried out. The SCBA takes into account the effects of conservation tillage on average returns and fully evaluates its potential risk-reducing aspect. The SCBA results were then used for a stochastic dominance analysis to evaluate farmers' incentives, characterized by their aversion to risk. The analysis reveals that although conservation tillage is economically viable, cash-constrained farmers, especially in the dry areas, may not readily adopt it. This is because conservation tillage is not adapted to small-scale farmers in Mexico, who lack seeding equipment and need techniques that are less reliant on herbicides. It is suggested that more work should be done with the participation of farmers in the region to attain a conservation tillage system that is better adapted to their circumstances.Mexico, Jalisco, Plant production, Production factors, Cropping systems, Conservation tillage, Innovation adoption, Input output analysis, Economic analysis, Small farms, Productivity Analysis,

Computational Contributions to the Automation of Agriculture

The purpose of this paper is to explore ways that computational advancements have enabled the complete automation of agriculture from start to finish. With a major need for agricultural advancements because of food and water shortages, some farmers have begun creating their own solutions to these problems. Primarily explored in this paper, however, are current research topics in the automation of agriculture. Digital agriculture is surveyed, focusing on ways that data collection can be beneficial. Additionally, self-driving technology is explored with emphasis on farming applications. Machine vision technology is also detailed, with specific application to weed management and harvesting of crops. Finally, the effects of automating agriculture are briefly considered, including labor, the environment, and direct effects on farmers