4,423 research outputs found

    Visão baseada na atenção: : passado, presente e futuro

    Get PDF
    Objective: To present a review and prognosis of academic research focused on the field of Attention-Based View (ABV). Methodology: Bibliometric analysis using co-word analysis and co-citation techniques of 165 relevant articles published between 2004 and 2021 in journals included in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, considering conceptual and intellectual structures, trends, and possible paths for the field of ABV. The retrieved articles were selected based on the key terms present in the title, abstract, and keywords. Relevance: Identifies the field development, research network, documents the most relevant journals and articles, concepts, and the intellectual framework of prominent authors. Findings: The seminal author, Ocasio, is the most expressive and the center of all networks in ABV research. The leading journal, according to the number of articles published, is the Strategic Management Journal. The conceptual structure presents three groups: the central roots of ABV, the attentional dynamics within organizations, and managerial cognition. Relevant topics are strategic change and communication channels, strategy as practice and studies in multinational companies (MNCs), organizational design, senior management team and governance. Theoretical implications: To present the state of the art, to integrate ABV knowledge and identify gaps for future research showing new trends, such as interfaces with metacognition and governance. Practical implications: Top management team decision-making process is ABV dependent so organizational architecture and its dynamics plays a crucial role in strategy for business success.Objetivo: Presentar una revisión y pronóstico de la investigación académica enfocada en el campo de la Visión Basada en Atención (ABV en inglés). Metodología: Análisis bibliométrico mediante técnicas de análisis de co-palabras y co-citación de 165 artículos relevantes publicados entre 2004 y 2021 en revistas incluidas en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, considerando estructuras conceptuales e intelectuales, tendencias y posibles caminos para el campo de la ABV. Los artículos recuperados fueron seleccionados en base a los términos clave presentes en el título, resumen y palabras clave.   Relevancia: Identifica el desarrollo y evolución; documenta las revistas y artículos más relevantes, los conceptos y el marco intelectual de autores destacados. Resultados: El autor seminal, Ocasio, es el más expresivo y el centro de todas las redes en la investigación ABV. La revista líder, según el número de artículos publicados, es Strategic Management Journal. El marco conceptual presenta tres grupos: las raíces centrales de ABV, las dinámicas atencionales dentro de las organizaciones y la cognición gerencial. Los temas destacados son el cambio estratégico y los canales de comunicación, la estrategia como práctica y estudios en corporaciones multinacionales (MNC), diseño organizacional, equipo de alta gerencia y gobernanza. Implicaciones teóricas: presentar el estado del arte, integrar el conocimiento de ABV e identificar brechas para futuras investigaciones que muestran nuevas tendencias, como interfaces con metacognición y gobernanza. Implicaciones prácticas: El proceso de toma de decisiones del equipo de alta dirección depende de ABV; por lo tanto, la arquitectura organizacional y su dinámica juegan un papel crucial en la estrategia para el éxito empresarial.Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão e prognóstico da pesquisa acadêmica voltada para o campo da Visão Baseada na Atenção (ABV). Metodologia: Análise bibliométrica utilizando técnicas de co-word analysis e cocitação de 165 artigos relevantes publicados entre 2004 e 2021 em periódicos incluídos nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus, considerando estruturas conceituais e intelectuais, tendências e possíveis caminhos para o campo da ABV. Os artigos recuperados foram selecionados com base nos termos-chave presentes no título, resumo e palavras-chave. Relevância: Identifica o desenvolvimento do campo, a rede de pesquisa, documenta os periódicos e artigos mais relevantes, os conceitos e o arcabouço intelectual de autores de destaque. Resultados: O autor seminal, Ocasio, é o mais expressivo e o centro de todas as redes na pesquisa ABV. A revista líder, de acordo com o número de artigos publicados, é a Revista de Gestão Estratégica. A estrutura conceitual apresenta três grupos: as raízes centrais da ABV, a dinâmica atencional dentro das organizações e a cognição gerencial. Os temas relevantes são mudança estratégica e canais de comunicação, estratégia como prática e estudos em empresas multinacionais (MNCs), desenho organizacional, equipe de alta gestão e governança. Implicações teóricas: Apresentar o estado da arte, integrar o conhecimento ABV e identificar lacunas para pesquisas futuras que mostrem novas tendências, como interfaces com metacognição e governança. Implicações práticas: O processo decisório da equipe de alta administração é dependente do ABV; portanto, a arquitetura organizacional e sua dinâmica desempenham um papel crucial na estratégia para o sucesso do negócio

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

    Get PDF
    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Conducting Online Focus Groups - Practical Advice for Information Systems Researchers

    Get PDF
    Video-based online focus groups (OFGs) present an emerging opportunity for Information Systems (IS) researchers to circumvent spatial and temporal constraints in collecting rich data. They enable researchers to overcome interpersonal and operational challenges arising from face-to-face (F2F) focus groups (FGs) by allowing participants, who are located anywhere in the world, to share their personal experiences from behind their screens. However, the realization of the full potential of OFGs for IS research is currently hampered by challenges and uncertainty over best practices when conducting such FGs. Consequently, we offer a detailed account of our own experiences with seven OFGs in the context of digital platforms. In supplementing our own experiences with those of others reported in extant literature on (online) FGs in and beyond the IS discipline, we (a) arrive at hurdles inherent to the OFG method, (b) derive lessons learned from our own experience with OFGs, and (c) prescribe actionable advice to researchers who are interested in conducting OFGs in the future

    The Relationship Between Customers’ Satisfaction and Trust in the Global Supply Chain and Profitability

    Get PDF
    The inability to meet customer demands and expectations impacts an organization’s profitability. Understanding and meeting customer needs are critical for the financial success of business owners. Grounded in the theory of constraints, the purpose of this quantitative ex post facto study was to examine the relationships between customers’ satisfaction and trust in the supply chain and profitability. Secondary data (n = 121) were collected from the Elsevier Research Database using archival data collected from an automotive factory. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, and the results were statistically significant, F (2, 118) = 264.347, p \u3c .001, R2 = .90. In the final model, both predictor variables were significant, customers’ satisfaction: mean wait time (t = 22.991, p \u3c .001, β = 16.23); and customers’ trust: minimum stock level (t = 7.306, p \u3c .001, β = .118). A key recommendation is for business leaders to satisfy customers and gain their trust by creating sufficient inventory stocking levels and improving replenishment timeframes that meet customers’ supply chain demands. The implications for positive social change include the opportunity for supply chain managers to develop an effective supply chain that may contribute to the quality of service that promotes success in regional markets, sustain growth, and allows for social development among the local community workforces

    La traduzione specializzata all’opera per una piccola impresa in espansione: la mia esperienza di internazionalizzazione in cinese di Bioretics© S.r.l.

    Get PDF
    Global markets are currently immersed in two all-encompassing and unstoppable processes: internationalization and globalization. While the former pushes companies to look beyond the borders of their country of origin to forge relationships with foreign trading partners, the latter fosters the standardization in all countries, by reducing spatiotemporal distances and breaking down geographical, political, economic and socio-cultural barriers. In recent decades, another domain has appeared to propel these unifying drives: Artificial Intelligence, together with its high technologies aiming to implement human cognitive abilities in machinery. The “Language Toolkit – Le lingue straniere al servizio dell’internazionalizzazione dell’impresa” project, promoted by the Department of Interpreting and Translation (Forlì Campus) in collaboration with the Romagna Chamber of Commerce (Forlì-Cesena and Rimini), seeks to help Italian SMEs make their way into the global market. It is precisely within this project that this dissertation has been conceived. Indeed, its purpose is to present the translation and localization project from English into Chinese of a series of texts produced by Bioretics© S.r.l.: an investor deck, the company website and part of the installation and use manual of the Aliquis© framework software, its flagship product. This dissertation is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents the project and the company in detail; Chapter 2 outlines the internationalization and globalization processes and the Artificial Intelligence market both in Italy and in China; Chapter 3 provides the theoretical foundations for every aspect related to Specialized Translation, including website localization; Chapter 4 describes the resources and tools used to perform the translations; Chapter 5 proposes an analysis of the source texts; Chapter 6 is a commentary on translation strategies and choices

    SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FOR URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY

    Full text link
    The urban water sector is confronted with a multitude of challenges. Rapid population growth, changing political landscapes, aging water infrastructures, and the worsening climate crisis are creating a range of uncertainties in the sector around managing water. Scenarios have been used extensively in the environmental domain to plan for and capture uncertainties to develop plausible futures, including the field of urban water management. Scenarios are key in enabling plans and creating roadmaps to attain desired futures. Despite the advantages and opportunities that scenarios offer for planning, they also have limitations; generally, and within the urban water space. Firstly, the growing uncertainty surrounding urban water management systems necessitates a focused review specifically aimed at the use of scenarios in urban water management. This thesis presents a systematic review to empirically investigate the crucial dimensions of urban water scenarios. Through this review, key knowledge gaps are highlighted, and recommendations are proposed to address these gaps. Secondly, scenarios often depict distressing, almost dystopian futures. Though negative future visions help understand the consequences of present trends and aid in anticipating imminent threats, the limited exploration of positive future visions can make it challenging to find the direction to transform. Optimistic scenarios delve into what people want for the future and capture how their aspirations shape them. Imagining positive visions encourage innovative thinking, creates agency, and creates pathways to desired futures. There is therefore a recognition to move towards more positive, desirable futures. This thesis uses a narrative, participatory scenario process, the SEEDS method, to develop positive visions of urban water futures. The Greater Sydney region in New South Wales, Australia is used as a case study to evaluate the applicability of this approach for urban water management. The urban water sector in the Greater Sydney region faces a multitude of challenges including impacts from climate change, managing diverse water supply sources, and meeting future water demand. These challenges create an increasingly uncertain future for the water sector, where the scale and nature of water services needed in the Greater Sydney region can be unclear. Hence, the Greater Sydney region is selected as the case study region to apply the SEEDS method and develop scenarios for urban water management to plan for future uncertainties. Thirdly, only a few scenario studies include surprises, the unexpected events, which make scenarios useful for planning. Challenges around capturing surprises in scenarios include a lack of structured approaches as well as a lack of evaluation of those methods that have been developed. This thesis discusses the effectiveness and suitability of various surprise methods for scenario development. These methods have been applied in the context of the SEEDS method for urban water management. Finally, there is a lack of evaluation of the tools used to cope with surprises as well as a lack of evaluation efforts of urban water management scenario studies. The assessment of the SEEDS approach for urban water management as well as the different surprise methods for scenario development requires evaluation criteria. This thesis develops and presents an evaluation criteria list based on existing literature that captures key criteria required for adequate assessment of the surprise methods and the scenario process. This thesis contributes to the fields of scenario development and urban water management, and the use of surprises within scenarios. Critical gaps in existing urban water management scenario practices are highlighted and key recommendations are proposed to fill the gaps. Through the pilot study and full-scale implementation of a positive-visioning, narrative-based scenario approach - the SEEDS method, the thesis demonstrates that the SEEDS method is applicable for urban water planning and shows potential for use at different stages of water planning. The positive visions generated through the SEEDS method highlight fundamental aspirations for the urban water sector, possible challenges, and conflicts, and discuss pathways to achieve positive future visions. By using in-situ experimentation and engaging participants with expertise in the relevant field, this thesis provides a realistic evaluation of the scenario process and surprise methods. This thesis thus fills the critical gap about the lack of evaluation in urban water management scenario processes by assessing the scenario method using selected evaluation criteria. Further, the thesis contributes towards the development of quality surprise methods through application and evaluation, thus addressing the gap about the lack of evaluation of the methods used to explore surprise events. Finally, the lack of surprises in scenarios is addressed by presenting different methods that can be used to explore surprise events. Guidance is provided to researchers working with scenario development to understand the different surprise methods available and for choosing the appropriate method(s) to plan for uncertain futures

    Integrated Approaches to Digital-enabled Design for Manufacture and Assembly: A Modularity Perspective and Case Study of Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China

    Get PDF
    Countries are trying to expand their healthcare capacity through advanced construction, modular innovation, digital technologies and integrated design approaches such as Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA). Within the context of China, there is a need for stronger implementation of digital technologies and DfMA, as well as a knowledge gap regarding how digital-enabled DfMA is implemented. More critically, an integrated approach is needed in addition to DfMA guidelines and digital-enabled approaches. For this research, a mixed method was used. Questionnaires defined the context of Huoshenshan Hospital, namely the healthcare construction in China. Then, Huoshenshan Hospital provided a case study of the first emergency hospital which addressed the uncertainty of COVID-19. This extreme project, a 1,000-bed hospital built in 10 days, implemented DfMA in healthcare construction and provides an opportunity to examine the use of modularity. A workshop with a design institution provided basic facts and insight into past practice and was followed by interviews with 18 designers, from various design disciplines, who were involved in the project. Finally, multiple archival materials were used as secondary data sources. It was found that complexity hinders building systems integration, while reinforcement relationships between multiple dimensions of modularity (across organisation-process-product-supply chain dimensions) are the underlying mechanism that allows for the reduction of complexity and the integration of building systems. Promoting integrated approaches to DfMA relies on adjusting and coupling multi-dimensional modular reinforcement relationships (namely, relationships of modular alignment, modular complement, and modular incentive). Thus, the building systems integrator can use these three approaches to increase the success of digital-enabled DfMA

    Creating shared value:An operations and supply chain management perspective

    Get PDF
    Focusing solely on short-term profits has caused social, environmental, and economic problems. Creating shared value integrates profitability with social and environmental objectives, offering a holistic solution. This dissertation examines two areas where this integration is crucial. The first topic explores servicizing business models for a transition to a more circular economy, emphasizing environmental benefits and firm profitability. Initially, we focus on pricing policies, comparing pricing schemes across consumer segments to identify win-win-win strategies that meet all people, planet, and profit objectives. Our research reveals that pay-per-use schemes outperform pay-per-period schemes for cost-inefficient or small-scale providers. A win-win (profit and planet) strategy can be achieved by offering a pay-per-use policy to high usage-valuation consumers, but a win-win-win strategy is unattainable. We then investigate consumer choices in servicizing models by conducting a conjoint experiment on payment scheme, price, minimum contract duration, and entry label attributes. The payment scheme emerges as the most influential attribute, with purchasing and pay-per-use schemes being popular options. The second topic focuses on drug shortages. Specifically, we examine the impact of tendering on shortages. Our findings demonstrate that tendering reduces prices but increases shortages, particularly at the beginning of contracts. However, shortages are less severe when alternative suppliers are available, and the market is less concentrated. To address this issue, we propose allowing multiple winners, regionalizing tenders, increasing the time between tender and contract initiation, and incorporating a reliability measure as a winning criterion to mitigate shortages

    Adversarial Deep Learning and Security with a Hardware Perspective

    Get PDF
    Adversarial deep learning is the field of study which analyzes deep learning in the presence of adversarial entities. This entails understanding the capabilities, objectives, and attack scenarios available to the adversary to develop defensive mechanisms and avenues of robustness available to the benign parties. Understanding this facet of deep learning helps us improve the safety of the deep learning systems against external threats from adversaries. However, of equal importance, this perspective also helps the industry understand and respond to critical failures in the technology. The expectation of future success has driven significant interest in developing this technology broadly. Adversarial deep learning stands as a balancing force to ensure these developments remain grounded in the real-world and proceed along a responsible trajectory. Recently, the growth of deep learning has begun intersecting with the computer hardware domain to improve performance and efficiency for resource constrained application domains. The works investigated in this dissertation constitute our pioneering efforts in migrating adversarial deep learning into the hardware domain alongside its parent field of research

    ENHANCING THE OPERATIONAL RESILIENCE OF CYBER- MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS (CMS) AGAINST CYBER-ATTACKS

    Get PDF
    Cyber-manufacturing systems (CMS) are interconnected production environments comprised of complex and networked cyber-physical systems (CPS) that can be instantiated across one or many locations. However, this vision of manufacturing environments ushers in the challenge of addressing new security threats to production systems that still contain traditional closed legacy elements. The widespread adoption of CMS has come with a dramatic increase in successful cyber-attacks. With a myriad of new targets and vulnerabilities, hackers have been able to cause significant economic losses by disrupting manufacturing operations, reducing outgoing product quality, and altering product designs. This research aims to contribute to the design of more resilient cyber-manufacturing systems. Traditional cybersecurity mechanisms focus on preventing the occurrence of cyber-attacks, improving the accuracy of detection, and increasing the speed of recovery. More often neglected is addressing how to respond to a successful attack during the time from the attack onset until the system recovery. We propose a novel approach that correlates the state of production and the timing of the attack to predict the effect on the manufacturing key performance indicators. Then a real-time decision strategy is deployed to select the appropriate response to maintain availability, utilization efficiency, and a quality ratio above degradation thresholds until recovery. Our goal is to demonstrate that the operational resilience of CMS can be enhanced such that the system will be able to withstand the advent of cyber-attacks while remaining operationally resilient. This research presents a novel framework to enhance the operational resilience of cyber-manufacturing systems against cyber-attacks. In contrast to other CPS where the general goal of operational resilience is to maintain a certain target level of availability, we propose a manufacturing-centric approach in which we utilize production key performance indicators as targets. This way we adopt a decision-making process for security in a way that is aligned with the operational strategy and bound to the socio-economic constraints inherent to manufacturing. Our proposed framework consists of four steps: 1) Identify: map CMS production goals, vulnerabilities, and resilience-enhancing mechanisms; 2) Establish: set targets of performance in production output, scrap rate, and downtime at different states; 3) Select: determine which mechanisms are needed and their triggering strategy, and 4) Deploy: integrate into the operation of the CMS the selected mechanisms, threat severity evaluation, and activation strategy. Lastly, we demonstrate via experimentation on a CMS testbed that this framework can effectively enhance the operational resilience of a CMS against a known cyber-attack
    corecore