6,963 research outputs found
Nonadherence to psoriasis medication as an outcome of limited coping resources and conflicting goals: findings from a qualitative interview study with people with psoriasis
Background
Medication nonadherence is known to limit the effectiveness of available therapies; however, little is known specifically about medication adherence in people with psoriasis. Medicines selfâmanagement can feel onerous to those with dermatological conditions due to the nature of therapies prescribed and many individuals with psoriasis experience additional challenges such as physical and psychological comorbidities that place significant additional demands on individuals and may undermine adherence. Viewing nonadherence to medication as an outcome of limited personal coping resources and conflicting goals may help to explain medication nonadherence.
Objectives
To explore individualsâ perspectives of their psoriasis, medication and its management.
Methods
Twenty people with psoriasis were recruited from community samples in England and interviewed inâdepth about their perceptions of their psoriasis, medication, and adherence to medication and selfâmanagement advice. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.
Results
Participants reported that adhering to recommended treatment regimens conflicted with the management of the physical and psychological demands of living with psoriasis. Medication usage was viewed as a source of unresolved emotional distress and, for some, resulted in poor selfâreported adherence, which included medication overuse, underuse and rejection of prescribed therapies. Perceived lack of engagement by clinicians with participantsâ selfâmanagement difficulties was viewed as an additional source of stress and distress.
Conclusions
Adhering to medication in psoriasis can be an additional source of considerable emotional distress. We interpreted some episodes of nonadherence to psoriasis medication as rational attempts by individuals to minimize distress and to gain control over their life
Socio/psychological issues for a Mars mission
Some of the socio/psychological problems expected to accompany such a long duration mission as the trip to Mars are addressed. The emphasis is on those issues which are expected to have a bearing on crew performance. Results from research into aircraft accidents, particularly those related to pilot performance, are discussed briefly, as a limited analog to space flight. Significant comparisons are also made to some aspects of long duration Antarctic stays, submarine missions, and oceanographic vessel voyages. Appropriate lessons learned from U.S. and Russian space flight experiences are provided. Design of space missions and systems to enhance crew performance is discussed at length, considering factors external and internal to the crew. The importance of incorporating such design factors early in the design process is stressed
The impact of severe asthma on patientsâ autonomy: a qualitative study
Background
People living with severe asthma may have ongoing debilitating symptoms despite highâdose treatment. Clinical guidelines for severe asthma recommend concepts such as patient centeredness, shared decision making and selfâmanagement, at the heart of which lies autonomy.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the role of autonomy in patientsâ narratives about their experiences of living with and managing severe asthma.
Methods
Inâdepth semiâstructured interviews were videoâ and/or audioârecorded and transcribed. Data were categorized using a hybrid approach to analysis incorporating both inductive and deductive methods, informed by the selfâdetermination construct of autonomy. Analysis and comparison across and within categories were conducted to develop final themes.
Results
Twentyânine faceâtoâface interviews, lasting 1.5â4 hours, were conducted across Australia. Patientsâ autonomy was enacted or challenged in a range of situations, such as interacting with healthâcare providers, maintaining employment, managing symptoms, and dealing with threats to selfâidentity. Two main themes were discerned from the analysis: (a) the desire to live an âunconstrainedâ life; and (b) preservation of selfâidentity.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that autonomy is broader than conventional medical concepts such as decision making and information seeking. Future research should consider these findings when developing and implementing patientâdriven selfâmanagement interventions for those living with severe asthma
Long-Duration Space Exploration and Emotional Health: Recommendations for Conceptualizing and Evaluating Risk.
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Spaceflight to Mars will by far exceed the duration of any previous mission. Although behavioral health risks are routinely highlighted among the most serious threats to crew safety, understanding of specific emotional responses most likely to occur and interfere with mission success has lagged in comparison to other risk domains. Even within the domain of behavioral health, emotional constructs remain to be âunpackedâ to the same extent as other factors such as attention and fatigue. The current paper provides a review of previous studies that have examined emotional responses in isolated, confined, extreme environments (ICE) toward informing a needed research agenda. We include research conducted during space flight, long-duration space simulation analogs, and polar environments and utilize a widely-accepted and studied model of emotion and emotion regulation by Gross [6] to conceptualize specific findings. Lastly, we propose four specific directions for future research: (1) use of a guiding theoretical framework for evaluating emotion responses in ICE environments; (2) leveraging multi-method approaches to improve the reliability of subjective reports of emotional health; (3) a priori selection of precise emotional constructs to guide measure selection; and (4) focusing on positive in addition to negative emotion in order to provide a more complete understanding of individual risk and resilience
Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Standing Review Panel (SRP) Final Report
The first meeting of the Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Standing Review Panel (SRP) was held in Houston, TX on November 1-3, 2009. Our task was to assess the Integrated Research Plan (IRP) related to the fields covered in the SRP charge (see section VIII). Having considered and discussed the extensive materials distributed prior to the meeting, and the highly informative briefings by the NASA BHP Human Research Program (HRP) personnel during the site visit, the SRP agreed that the IRP is comprehensive and was developed carefully. Question and answer periods with the presenters were particularly productive and helpful to the SRP. The presenters' willingness to share information and positive responses to the SRP's suggestions were greatly appreciated. Although the IRP and related documents are impressive, the SRP does have a number of recommendations regarding both the overall plan and its component parts
Cure Without Communication: Self-Help Books and Popular Notions of Self and Communication, 1860-2000
This study traces the development of a basic premise, that what we think manifests in reality, underlying much of psycho-religious self-help literature in the United States. This premise posits alternative ways of thinking about the self, the community, and the communicative relationship between them. The belief in the power of thought to impact action - in the capacity of thought to instill good health, confident mindsets, and optimum circumstances â makes the claim that one can repair reality without social interaction. This study excavates the various evolutions of that claim and considers its impact on both notions of the self and the collective as well as on our understanding of how communication works. The study emphasizes three periods during which self-help and the genreâs attending interest in âthought as communicationâ have been particularly resonant. In the early period, popular from roughly 1880 to 1910, psycho-religious self-help books were published by writers of âmind cureâ or âNew Thought â movements, alternative spiritual movements that promised relatively easy remedies for health and happiness. By rallying their powers of mind, readers were told they could control and direct their thoughts so that they exactly mirrored the intentions of God with the resulting consequence of perfect health and happiness. The underlying mechanism at work, according to these books, posited a direct relationship between thought and material consequence. This belief in the power of thought to construct reality continued to weave its way through our culture, becoming especially popular again in a middle period of 1940 -1960 under the name âpositive thinking.â During that period, the full effects of popular psychology were manifested in the self-help genre, positioning scientific knowledge alongside God and offering an alternative conception of the ways in which âcommunicationâ could improve our lives. At the same time, ânegative thinkingâ books encouraged readers to identify and accept painful elements of their pasts. By the late period of the 1980s and 90s, the concept previously called âmind cureâ and âpositive thinkingâ had incorporated popular psychology into a hybrid âspirituality,â a concept that encouraged readers to place painful problems in the past while holding strong to a âpositiveâ future. The self-help genre provides a valuable written record of how the self and thought have been constructed into a particular cultural discourse. The self-help rhetoric about âthought as communicationâ claims that individuals in isolation can in fact accomplish the restorative and healing functions regularly attributed to social interaction. Surrounding this core self-help concept, however, circle many changing characterizations of religion, science, health, personhood, and community
Lacan and Organization
239 p.Libro ElectrĂłnicoThe work of Jacques Lacan has become an influential source to most disciplines of the social sciences, and is now considered a standard reference in literary theory, cultural studies and political theory. While management and organization studies has traditionally been preoccupied with questions of making corporations more efficient and productive, it has also mobilized a strong and forceful critique of work, management and capitalism. It is primarily as a contribution to this tradition of critical scholarship that we can see the work of Lacan now emerging.La obra de Jacques Lacan se ha convertido en una fuente de influencia para la mayorĂa de las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, y ahora se considera una referencia estĂĄndar en la teorĂa literaria, estudios culturales y la teorĂa polĂtica. Mientras que los estudios de gestiĂłn y organizaciĂłn ha sido tradicionalmente preocupado por las cuestiones de lo que las empresas mĂĄs eficientes y productivos, sino que tambiĂ©n ha movilizado una fuerte crĂtica y contundente del trabajo, la gestiĂłn y el capitalismo. Es sobre todo como una contribuciĂłn a esta tradiciĂłn de los estudios crĂticos que podemos ver la obra de Lacan surgiendo.Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Carl Cederström and Casper Hoedemaekers
1 Lacan and Organization: An Introduction 1
2 Lacan at Work 13
3 Symbolic Authority, Fantasmatic Enjoyment and the Spirits of Capitalism: Genealogies of Mutual Engagement 59
4 The Unbearable Weight of Happiness 101
5 For the Love of the Organization 133
6 You Are Where You Are Not: Lacan and Ideology in Contemporary Workplaces 169
7 Danger! Neurotics at Work 187
8 Lacan in Organization Studies 21
Gender Stereotypes 2.0: Self-representations of Adolescents on Facebook = Estereotipos de género 2.0: Auto-representaciones de adolescentes en Facebook
Adolescent girls and boys use online networking sites differently, and girls have a higher risk of being harmed by non-adaptive use. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which adolescents portray themselves according to gender stereotypes on their Facebook profiles. Participants were 623 Facebook users of both sexes who responded to the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). In the first step, the adolescents responded to the BSRI with respect to how they view a typical adult in terms of gender stereotypes. In the second step, half of them responded to the BSRI with respect to how they view themselves and the other half responded with respect to their self-presentation on Facebook. The results show that adolescents consider themselves to be less sexually differentiated than a typical adult of their own sex, both in their self-perception and their self-portrayal on Facebook. The study confirms that the psychological well-being of girls decreases considerably with age and that it is associated with a greater degree of masculinity. We conclude that adolescents produce accurate self-representations on their Facebook profiles, and both boys and girls tend to offer a less sexually differentiated self-concept and self-portrayal than that of the typical adult, with a slight preference for masculine traits; moreover, masculinity is associated with a greaterdegree of psychological well-being
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