Ray-Traced Collision Detection : Interpenetration Control and Multi-GPU Performance

International audienceWe proposed [LGA13] an iterative ray-traced collision detection algorithm (IRTCD) that exploits spatial and temporal coherency and proved to be computationally efficient but at the price of some geometrical approximations that allow more interpenetration than needed. In this paper, we present two methods to efficiently control and reduce the interpenetration without noticeable computation overhead. The first method predicts the next potentially colliding vertices. These predictions are used to make our IRTCD algorithm more robust to the above-mentioned approximations, therefore reducing the errors up to 91%. We also present a ray re-projection algorithm that improves the physical response of ray-traced collision detection algorithm. This algorithm also reduces, up to 52%, the interpenetration between objects in a virtual environment. Our last contribution shows that our algorithm, when implemented on multi-GPUs architectures, is far faster

가상현실에서 몸의 자세와 공간인지, 공간이동방법, 존재감, 사이버멀미의 상호작용에 대한 연구

학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 인문대학 협동과정 인지과학전공, 2021. 2. 이경민.가상현실은 몸과 마음이 공간에 함께 존재한다는 일상적 경험에 대해 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 컴퓨터로 매개된 커뮤니케이션에서 많은 경우 사용자들은 몸은 배제되며 마음의 존재가 중요하다고 느끼게 된다. 이와 관련하여 가상현실은 사용자들에게 커뮤니케이션에 있어 물리적 몸의 역할과 비체화된 상호작용의 중요성에 대해 연구할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 기존 연구에 의하면 실행, 주의집중, 기억, 지각과 같은 인지기능들이 몸의 자세에 따라 다르게 작용한다고 한다. 하지만 이와 같은 인지기능들과 몸 자세의 상호연관성은 여전히 명확히 밝혀지고 있지 않다. 특히 가상현실에서 몸의 자세가 지각반응에 대한 인지과정에 어떤 작용을 하는지에 대한 이해는 매우 부족한 상황이다. 가상현실 연구자들은 존재감을 가상현실의 핵심 개념으로 정의하였으며 효율적인 가상현실 시스템 구성과 밀접한 관계가 있다고 한다. 존재감은 가상공간에 있다고 느끼는 의식상태를 말한다. 구체적으로 가상현실 속 경험을 실재 존재한다고 느끼는 의식상태를 말한다. 이런 존재감이 높을 수록 현실처럼 인지하기에 존재감은 가상현실 경험을 측정하는 중요한 지표이다. 따라서 가상공간에 존재하고 있다는 의식적 경험 ((거기에 있다(being there)), 즉 존재감은 매개된 가상경험들의 인지 연구에 중요한 개념이다. 가상현실은 사이버멀미를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 증상은 가상현실의 사용성을 제약하는 주요 요인으로 효과적인 가상현실 경험을 위해 사이버멀미에 대한 다양한 연구가 필요하다. 사이버멀미는 가상현실 시스템을 사용할때 나타나며 어지러움, 방향상실, 두통, 땀흘림, 눈피로도등의 증상을 포함한다. 이런 사이버멀미에는 개인차, 사용된 기술, 공간디자인, 수행된 업무등 매우 다양 요인들이 관여하고 있어 명확한 원인을 규정할 수 없다. 이런 배경으로 인해 사이버멀미 저감과 관련한 다양한 연구들이 필요하며 이는 가상현실 발전에 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 공간인지는 3차원 공간에서 신체 움직임과 대상과의 상호작용에 중요한 역할을 하는 인지시스템이다. 가상공간에서 신체 움직임은 네비게이션, 사물조작, 다른 에이전트들과 상호작용에 관여한다. 특히 가상공간에서 네비게이션은 자주 사용되는 중요한 상호작용 방식이다. 이에 가상공간을 네비게이션 할때 존재감에 영향을 주지 않고 멀미증상을 유발하지 않는 효과적인 공간이동 방법에 대한 다양한 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 이전 연구들에 의하면 시점이 존재감과 체화감에 영향을 준다고 한다. 이는 시점에 따라 사용자의 행동과 대상들과의 상호작용 방식에 달라지기 때문이다. 따라서 가상공간에서 경험 또한 시점에 따라 달라진다. 이런 배경으로 몸의 자세, 공간인지, 이동방법, 존재감, 사이버멀미의 상호 연관성에 대한 연구를 시점에 따라 분류해서 연구할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 가상현실 속 공간 네비게이션에 대한 인지과정을 보다 다각적으로 이해 할 수 있을 것이다. 그동안 존재감과 사이버 멀미에 내재된 매커니즘을 이해하기 위해 다양한 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 몸의 자세에 따른 인지작용이 존재감과 사이버멀미에 어떤 영향을 주는지에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 학위논문에서는 1인칭과 3인칭 시점으로 분류된 별도의 실험과 연구를 진행하여 가상현실에서 몸의 자세와 공간인지, 공간이동방법, 존재감, 사이버멀미의 상호연관성을 보다 심층적으로 이해하고자 한다. 제3장에서는 3인칭시점의 실험과 결과에 대한 내용을 기술했다. 3인칭시점 실험에서는 가상공간에서 몸의 자세와 존재감의 상호연관성 연구를 위해 세가지 몸의 자세 (서있는 자세, 앉은 자세, 다리를 펴고 앉은 자세)와 2가지 타입의 공간이동 자유도 (무한, 유한)를 상호 비교했다. 실험결과에 의하면 공간이동 자유도가 무한한 경우 서있는 자세에서 존재감이 높게 나타났다. 추가적으로 가상공간에서 몸의 자세와 존재감은 공간이동자유도와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 여러 인지기능 중 주의집중이 몸의 자세, 존재감, 공간인지의 통합적 상호작용을 이끌어 낸 것으로 파악되었다. 3인칭시점의 결과들을 종합해 보면 몸 자세의 인지적 영향은 공간이동자유도와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 제4장에서는 1인칭시점의 실험과 결과에 대한 내용을 기술했다. 1인칭시점 실험에서는 가상공간에서 몸의 자세, 공간이동방법, 존재감, 사이버멀미의 상호연관성 연구를 위해 두 조건의 몸의 자세 (서있는 자세, 앉아 있는 자세)와 네가지 타입의 이동방법 (스티어링 + 몸을 활용한 회전, 스티어링 + 도구를 활용한 회전, 텔레포테이션 + 몸을 이용한 회전, 텔레포테이션 + 도구를 활용한 회전)의 상호 비교가 이루어 졌다. 실험결과에 의하면 위치이동방식과 회전방식에 따른 공간이동자유도는 성공적인 네비게이션과 관련이 있으며 존재감에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 연속적으로 시각정보가 입력되는 스티어링 방법은 자가운동을 높여 비연속적 방법인 텔레포테이션보다 사이버멀미를 더 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 1인칭시점의 결과들을 종합해 보면 가상공간에서 네비게이션을 할때 존재감과 사이버멀미는 공간이동방법과 관련이 있는 것으로 가정할 수 있다. 제3장의 3인칭 시점 실험결과에 의하면 몸의 자세와 존재감은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 제시되었다. 반면 제4장의 실험결과에 의하면 1인칭시점으로 가상공간을 네비게이션 할 때는 공간이동방법이 존재감과 사이버멀미에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이 두 실험에 대한 연구 결과를 통해 가상현실에서 몸의 자세와 공간인지 (네비게이션)의 상호연관성에 대한 이해를 확대하고 존재감 및 사이버멀미와 공간이동방법의 관련성을 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.Immersive virtual environments (VEs) can disrupt the everyday connection between where our senses tell us we are and where we are actually located. In computer-mediated communication, the user often comes to feel that their body has become irrelevant and that it is only the presence of their mind that matters. However, virtual worlds offer users an opportunity to become aware of and explore both the role of the physical body in communication, and the implications of disembodied interactions. Previous research has suggested that cognitive functions such as execution, attention, memory, and perception differ when body position changes. However, the influence of body position on these cognitive functions is still not fully understood. In particular, little is known about how physical self-positioning may affect the cognitive process of perceptual responses in a VE. Some researchers have identified presence as a guide to what constitutes an effective virtual reality (VR) system and as the defining feature of VR. Presence is a state of consciousness related to the sense of being within a VE; in particular, it is a ‘psychological state in which the virtuality of the experience is unnoticed’. Higher levels of presence are considered to be an indicator of a more successful media experience, thus the psychological experience of ‘being there’ is an important construct to consider when investigating the association between mediated experiences on cognition. VR is known to induce cybersickness, which limits its application and highlights the need for scientific strategies to optimize virtual experiences. Cybersickness refers to the sickness associated with the use of VR systems, which has a range of symptoms including nausea, disorientation, headaches, sweating and eye strain. This is a complicated problem because the experience of cybersickness varies greatly between individuals, the technology being used, the design of the environment, and the task being performed. Thus, avoiding cybersickness represents a major challenge for VR development. Spatial cognition is an invariable precursor to action because it allows the formation of the necessary mental representations that code the positions of and relationships among objects. Thus, a number of bodily actions are represented mentally within a depicted VR space, including those functionally related to navigation, the manipulation of objects, and/or interaction with other agents. Of these actions, navigation is one of the most important and frequently used interaction tasks in VR environments. Therefore, identifying an efficient locomotion technique that does not alter presence nor cause motion sickness has become the focus of numerous studies. Though the details of the results have varied, past research has revealed that viewpoint can affect the sense of presence and the sense of embodiment. VR experience differs depending on the viewpoint of a user because this vantage point affects the actions of the user and their engagement with objects. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the association between body position, spatial cognition, locomotion method, presence, and cybersickness based on viewpoint, which may clarify the understanding of cognitive processes in VE navigation. To date, numerous detailed studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying presence and cybersickness in VR. However, few have investigated the cognitive effects of body position on presence and cybersickness. With this in mind, two separate experiments were conducted in the present study on viewpoint within VR (i.e., third-person and first-person perspectives) to further the understanding of the effects of body position in relation to spatial cognition, locomotion method, presence, and cybersickness in VEs. In Chapter 3 (Experiment 1: third-person perspective), three body positions (standing, sitting, and half-sitting) were compared in two types of VR game with a different degree of freedom in navigation (DFN; finite and infinite) to explore the association between body position and the sense of presence in VEs. The results of the analysis revealed that standing has the most significant effect on presence for the three body positions that were investigated. In addition, the outcomes of this study indicated that the cognitive effect of body position on presence is associated with the DFN in a VE. Specifically, cognitive activity related to attention orchestrates the cognitive processes associated with body position, presence, and spatial cognition, consequently leading to an integrated sense of presence in VR. It can thus be speculated that the cognitive effects of body position on presence are correlated with the DFN in a VE. In Chapter 4 (Experiment 2: first-person perspective), two body positions (standing and sitting) and four types of locomotion method (steering + embodied control [EC], steering + instrumental control [IC], teleportation + EC, and teleportation + IC) were compared to examine the relationship between body position, locomotion method, presence, and cybersickness when navigating a VE. The results of Experiment 2 suggested that the DFN for translation and rotation is related to successful navigation and affects the sense of presence when navigating a VE. In addition, steering locomotion (continuous motion) increases self-motion when navigating a VE, which results in stronger cybersickness than teleportation (non-continuous motion). Overall, it can be postulated that presence and cybersickness are associated with the method of locomotion when navigating a VE. In this dissertation, the overall results of Experiment 1 suggest that the cognitive influence of presence is body-dependent in the sense that mental and brain processes rely on or are affected by the physical body. On the other hand, the outcomes of Experiment 2 illustrate the significant effects of locomotion method on the sense of presence and cybersickness during VE navigation. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into the cognitive effects of body position on spatial cognition (i.e., navigation) in VR and highlight the important implications of locomotion method on presence and cybersickness in VE navigation.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. An Introductory Overview of the Conducted Research 1 1.1.1. Presence and Body Position 1 1.1.2. Navigation, Cybersickness, and Locomotion Method 3 1.2. Research Objectives 6 1.3. Research Experimental Approach 7 Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 9 2.1. Presence 9 2.1.1. Presence and Virtual Reality 9 2.1.2. Presence and Spatiality 10 2.1.3. Presence and Action 12 2.1.4. Presence and Attention 14 2.2. Body Position 16 2.2.1. Body Position and Cognitive Effects 16 2.2.2. Body Position and Postural Control 18 2.2.3. Body Position and Postural Stability 19 2.3. Spatial Cognition: Degree of Freedom in Navigation 20 2.3.1. Degree of Freedom in Navigation and Decision-Making 20 2.4. Cybersickness 22 2.4.1. Cybersickness and Virtual Reality 22 2.4.2. Sensory Conflict Theory 22 2.4.3. Postural Instability Theory 23 2.5. Self-Motion 25 2.5.1. Vection and Virtual Reality 25 2.5.2. Self-Motion and Navigation in a VE 27 2.6. Navigation in Virtual Environments 29 2.6.1. Translation and Rotation in Navigation 29 2.6.2. Spatial Orientation and Embodiment 32 2.6.3. Locomotion Methods 37 2.6.4. Steering and Teleportation 38 Chapter 3. Experiment 1: Third-Person Perspective 40 3.1. Quantification of the Degree of Freedom in Navigation 40 3.2. Experiment 3.2.1. Experimental Design and Participants 41 3.2.2. Stimulus Materials 42 3.2.2.1. First- and Third-person Perspectives in Gameplay 43 3.2.3. Experimental Setup and Process 44 3.2.4. Measurements 45 3.3. Results 45 3.3.1. Presence: two-way ANOVA 45 3.3.2. Presence: one-way ANOVA 46 3.3.2.1. Finite Navigation Freedom 46 3.3.2.2. Infinite Navigation Freedom 47 3.3.3. Summary of the Results 48 3.4. Discussion 49 3.4.1. Presence and Body Position 49 3.4.2. Degree of Freedom in Navigation and Decision-Making 50 3.4.3. Gender Difference and Gameplay 51 3.5. Limitations 52 Chapter 4. Experiment 2: First-Person Perspective 53 4.1. Experiment 53 4.1.1. Experimental Design and Participants 53 4.1.2. Stimulus Materials 54 4.1.3. Experimental Setup and Process 55 4.1.4. Measurements 56 4.2. Results 57 4.2.1. Presence: two-way ANOVA 58 4.2.2. Cybersickness: two-way ANOVA 58 4.2.3. Presence: one-way ANOVA 60 4.2.3.1. Standing Position 60 4.2.3.2. Sitting Position 60 4.2.4. Cybersickness: one-way ANOVA 62 4.2.4.1. Standing Position 62 4.2.4.2. Sitting Position 62 4.2.5. Summary of the Results 63 4.3. Discussion 65 4.3.1. Presence 4.3.1.1. Presence and Locomotion Method 66 4.3.1.2. Presence and Body Position 68 4.3.2. Cybersickness 4.3.2.1. Cybersickness and Locomotion Method 69 4.3.2.2. Cybersickness and Body Position 70 4.4. Limitations 71 Chapter 5. Conclusion 72 5.1. Summary of Findings 72 5.2. Future Research Direction 73 References 75 Appendix A 107 Appendix B 110 국문초록 111Docto

The delta radiance field

The wide availability of mobile devices capable of computing high fidelity graphics in real-time has sparked a renewed interest in the development and research of Augmented Reality applications. Within the large spectrum of mixed real and virtual elements one specific area is dedicated to produce realistic augmentations with the aim of presenting virtual copies of real existing objects or soon to be produced products. Surprisingly though, the current state of this area leaves much to be desired: Augmenting objects in current systems are often presented without any reconstructed lighting whatsoever and therefore transfer an impression of being glued over a camera image rather than augmenting reality. In light of the advances in the movie industry, which has handled cases of mixed realities from one extreme end to another, it is a legitimate question to ask why such advances did not fully reflect onto Augmented Reality simulations as well. Generally understood to be real-time applications which reconstruct the spatial relation of real world elements and virtual objects, Augmented Reality has to deal with several uncertainties. Among them, unknown illumination and real scene conditions are the most important. Any kind of reconstruction of real world properties in an ad-hoc manner must likewise be incorporated into an algorithm responsible for shading virtual objects and transferring virtual light to real surfaces in an ad-hoc fashion. The immersiveness of an Augmented Reality simulation is, next to its realism and accuracy, primarily dependent on its responsiveness. Any computation affecting the final image must be computed in real-time. This condition rules out many of the methods used for movie production. The remaining real-time options face three problems: The shading of virtual surfaces under real natural illumination, the relighting of real surfaces according to the change in illumination due to the introduction of a new object into a scene, and the believable global interaction of real and virtual light. This dissertation presents contributions to answer the problems at hand. Current state-of-the-art methods build on Differential Rendering techniques to fuse global illumination algorithms into AR environments. This simple approach has a computationally costly downside, which limits the options for believable light transfer even further. This dissertation explores new shading and relighting algorithms built on a mathematical foundation replacing Differential Rendering. The result not only presents a more efficient competitor to the current state-of-the-art in global illumination relighting, but also advances the field with the ability to simulate effects which have not been demonstrated by contemporary publications until now

Multi-Mobile Computing

With mobile systems evermore ubiquitous, individual users often own multiple mobile systems and groups of users often have many mobile systems at their disposal. As a result, there is a growing demand for multi-mobile computing, the ability to combine the functionality of multiple mobile systems into a more capable one. However, there are several key challenges. First, mobile systems are highly heterogeneous with different software and hardware, each with their own interfaces and data formats. Second, there are no effective ways to allow users to easily and dynamically compose together multiple mobile systems for the quick interactions that typically take place with mobile systems. Finally, there is a lack of system infrastructure to allow existing apps to make use of multiple mobile systems, or to enable developers to write new multi-mobile aware apps. My thesis is that higher-level abstractions of mobile operating systems can be reused to combine heterogeneous mobile systems into a more capable one and enable existing and new apps to provide new functionality across multiple mobile systems. First, we present M2, a system for multi-mobile computing that enables existing unmodified mobile apps to share and combine multiple devices, including cameras, displays, speakers, microphones, sensors, GPS, and input. To support heterogeneous devices, M2 introduces a new data-centric approach that leverages higher-level device abstractions and hardware acceleration to efficiently share device data, not API calls. M2 introduces device transformation, a new technique to mix and match heterogeneous devices, enabling, for example, existing apps to leverage a single larger display fused from multiple displays for better viewing, or use a Nintendo Wii-like gaming experience by translating accelerometer to touchscreen input. We have implemented M2 and show that it operates across heterogeneous systems, including multiple versions of Android and iOS, and can run existing apps across mobile systems with modest overhead and qualitative performance indistinguishable from using local device hardware. Second, we present Tap, a framework that leverages M2’s data-centric architecture to make it easy for users to dynamically compose collections of mobile systems and developers to write new multi-mobile apps that make use of those impromptu collections. Tap allows users to simply tap systems together to compose them into a collection without the need for users to register or connect to any cloud infrastructure. Tap makes it possible for apps to use existing mobile platform APIs across multiple mobile systems by virtualizing data sources so that local and remote data sources can be combined together upon tapping. Virtualized data sources can be hardware or software features, including media, clipboard, calendar events, and devices such as cameras and microphones. Leveraging existing mobile platform APIs make it easy for developers to write apps that use hard- ware and software features across dynamically composed collections of mobile systems. We have implemented Tap and show that it provides good usability for dynamically composing multiple mobile systems and good performance for sharing hardware devices and software features across multiple mobile systems. Finally, using M2 and Tap, we present various apps that show how existing apps can provide useful functionality across multiple mobile systems and how new apps can be easily developed to provide new multi-mobile functionality. Examples include panoramic video recording using cameras from multiple mobile systems, surround sound music player app that configures itself based on automatically detecting the location of multiple mobile systems, and an added feature to the Snapchat app that allows multiple users to share a live Snap, using their own cameras and filters. Our user studies with these apps show that multi-mobile computing offers a richer and more enhanced experience for users and a much simpler development effort for developers

Human factors in instructional augmented reality for intravehicular spaceflight activities and How gravity influences the setup of interfaces operated by direct object selection

In human spaceflight, advanced user interfaces are becoming an interesting mean to facilitate human-machine interaction, enhancing and guaranteeing the sequences of intravehicular space operations. The efforts made to ease such operations have shown strong interests in novel human-computer interaction like Augmented Reality (AR). The work presented in this thesis is directed towards a user-driven design for AR-assisted space operations, iteratively solving issues arisen from the problem space, which also includes the consideration of the effect of altered gravity on handling such interfaces.Auch in der bemannten Raumfahrt steigt das Interesse an neuartigen Benutzerschnittstellen, um nicht nur die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion effektiver zu gestalten, sondern auch um einen korrekten Arbeitsablauf sicherzustellen. In der Vergangenheit wurden wiederholt Anstrengungen unternommen, Innenbordarbeiten mit Hilfe von Augmented Reality (AR) zu erleichtern. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf einen nutzerorientierten AR-Ansatz, welcher zum Ziel hat, die Probleme schrittweise in einem iterativen Designprozess zu lösen. Dies erfordert auch die Berücksichtigung veränderter Schwerkraftbedingungen

Virtual Reality

At present, the virtual reality has impact on information organization and management and even changes design principle of information systems, which will make it adapt to application requirements. The book aims to provide a broader perspective of virtual reality on development and application. First part of the book is named as "virtual reality visualization and vision" and includes new developments in virtual reality visualization of 3D scenarios, virtual reality and vision, high fidelity immersive virtual reality included tracking, rendering and display subsystems. The second part named as "virtual reality in robot technology" brings forth applications of virtual reality in remote rehabilitation robot-based rehabilitation evaluation method and multi-legged robot adaptive walking in unstructured terrains. The third part, named as "industrial and construction applications" is about the product design, space industry, building information modeling, construction and maintenance by virtual reality, and so on. And the last part, which is named as "culture and life of human" describes applications of culture life and multimedia-technology

東北大学電気通信研究所研究活動報告 第29号(2022年度)

紀要類（bulletin）departmental bulletin pape

Razvoj i implementacija naprednog metoda za unapređenje bezbednosti i optimizaciju radnog okruženja pri manuelnim operacijama

REZIME Savremeni industrijski sistemi se mogu opisati pomoću napredne tehnologije i opreme koju koriste, i često se pogrešno smatra da je ljudski uticaj u takvim sistemima u potpunosti eliminisan. Međutim, čovek je i dalje ključna komponenta za funkcionisanje sistema, obzirom da automatizovane linije nisu eliminisale manuelne operacije. Bez obzira na visok nivo tehnološkog napretka, bezbednost na radu se ne može u potpunosti zagarantovati. Shodno tome, bezbednost i zdravlje na radu ostaje ključna oblast za unapređenje u svakom radnom okruženju. Ergonomija je oblast nauke koji se bavi optimizacijom radnih aktivnosti i ima za cilj smanjivanje broja oboljenja u vezi sa radom. Većina tehnika i metoda za identifikaciju zdravstvenih problema u vezi sa radom i optimizacije radnog okruženja se zasniva na praćenju sprovođenja radnih aktivnosti i izveštavanju o incidentima/akcidentima. Dok, metode za izbegavanje ljudskih grešaka se zasnivaju na obukama i odgovarajućem obrazovanju iz oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu. Praćenje sprovođenja radnih aktivnosti je subjektivna metoda, a izveštavanje o incidentima/akcidentima može biti veoma značajan parametar za razumevanje problema na radnom mestu. Ipak, činjenice i rezultati ovim metodama se ne dobijaju u realnom vremenu što može predstavljati značajno i važno pitanje za bezbednost na radnom mestu. Sa druge strane, metode za obuku iz bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu, iako je skoro sve vreme neophodna, ne sprečava u potpunosti nastanak incidenata/akcidenata i oboljenja na radnom mestu, što ukazuje na veliki prostor za unapređenje u ovoj oblasti. Ova doktorska disertacija istražuje mogućnosti primene elektrofizioloških merenja kako bi se zabeležilo kognitivno stanje radnika paralelno primenjivajući postojeće standardizovane metode u oblasti ergonomije. Fokus ove doktorske disertacije jeste na upotrebljivosti elektordermalne aktivnosti tokom sprovođenja tri tipa istraživanja i to: dva su vezana za sprovođenje ponavljajućih radnih aktivnosti i treći se odnosi na obuku iz oblasti bezbednosti i zdravlja na radu.ABSTRACT Modern industrial environment can be described by advanced technology and machinery and many believe that human operational tasks are almost eliminated. However, people are still the key component of the processes whilst automation has not eliminated manual operations. Safety in the working place cannot be guaranteed, despite technological advances; accordingly, Occupational Health and Safety remains a crucial sector for improvement in every working environment. Ergonomics deal with the optimization of work design and aims to minimize occupational issues. Most of the techniques for the identification of occupational issues and optimization of working environment are based on task observation and recording incidents. While methods for avoidance of human error are based on training and appropriate safety education. Task observation is a subjective method, and recording of incidents can be an important kind of metrics for understanding the workplace defects. Nevertheless, these methods do not capture the facts in real time and this can be an important issue for the workplace safety. On the other hand, methods of safety training, although are most of the times necessary, do not really prevent from accidents or occupational health problems and still remain an open sector of improvement. This thesis investigates the possibility of electrophysiological recording for the purpose to capture operators’ cognition in parallel with application of ergonomic standardized methods. The study focuses on the usefulness of Electrodermal activity during three case−studies; two of them represent common working tasks of low risk, and one is based on safety training methods. Electrodermal activity has demonstrated to relate discomfort and cognitive status to specific biosignals, therefore, it can be a valid tool for deeply understanding the status of the operators, while they perform cognitive or physical tasks. The core of Electrodermal activity usefulness is that it is a mechanism of sympathetic nervous system and can be used as an index of autonomic reaction to emotions

Distanzabhängige Interaktion in großen hochauflösenden Displayumgebungen

Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung von Methoden, die den Nutzer bei seiner Tätigkeit in großen hochauflösenden Displayumgebungen unterstützen, indem die Visualisierung und die Interaktivität an den aktuellen Betrachtungsabstand angepasst werden. Das vorgestellte Interaction Scaling (IS) verwendet die physische Navigation für die Anpassung, indem die Berechnung eines distanzabhängigen Mappings mit automatischem/manuellem Wechsel der Präzisionsstufen kombiniert wird. In Studien wird aufgezeigt, dass IS für 2D Manipulation die Nutzerperformanz verbessert, wenn die benötigte Präzision steigt