Skrining Fitokimia Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dari Kota Langsa

Tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman alami tumbuhan Indonesia. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) tergolong tanaman dikotil dalam family Euporbeaceae dan genus Jatropha. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) adalah tanaman perdu yang memiliki tinggi 1-7 m dengan cabang yang tidak teratur, batangnya berkayu dan apabila dipotong atau terluka akan mengeluarkan getah. Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dapat digunakan untuk obat malaria dan pembeku atau penstabil darah,obat demam, penangan rematik, jaundice, penghilang rasa nyeri atau analgesik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Metabolit sekunder meliputi uji alkaloid, uji steroid,uji terpenoid, uji saponin, uji fenol dan uji tanin.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian daun kering jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) positif (+) mengandung alkaloid dan steroid sedangkan daun segarnya positif (+) saponin dan steroid

Analysis of Phorbolester Content During Growth and Development of Jatropha curcas Fruits

Utilization of Jatropha curcas seed meal as animal feed is limited by the presence of toxic compounds. Phorbolester present in Jatropha curcas as a family of compounds known to cause a large number of biological effects such as tumor promoters. The aim of this research is measure phorbolester content during growth and development of Jatropha curcas fruit. Phorbolester extracted by sonification method and analysed by UPLC using phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Jatropha curcas fruit has ripe in the fifth week because of yellowing of fruit capsule. Toxic genotypes of Jatropha curcas has higher phorobol ester content than non-toxic genotypes approximately 182.1 and 55.2 ng/g respectively. Fruit capsule (122.2 ng/g) has higher phorbolester content than fruit seed (115.2 ng/g). It is due to biosynthesis of diterpene that occur in plastid. Biosynthesis of phorbolester possibly occured in initiation and maturation of fruit because the high level of phorbolester occur in the first and fifth week.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, toxic genotypes, non-toxic genotypes, fruit seed, fruit capsul

Standarisasi Parameter Spesifik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L) sebagai Vasorelaxan

Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) is traditionally used as a medicinal plant and can be used scientifically to treat various diseases based on the scientific results of herbal medicine. This study aims to prove that the ethanol extract of Jarak pagar leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) meets the specific parameters for extract standardization. The ethanol extract of Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves was obtained by maceration method, and then the extract was observed for specific parameters, which included an organoleptic test, identification of chemical content, determination of water-soluble juice content, and ethanol-soluble juice content, as well as other tests to see the activity of Jatropha curcas as a vasorelaxant using experimental methods. The results and data of specific parameter characteristics show that the extract made has met the requirements of Indonesian Medical Materials, which means that the ethanol extract of Jatropha curcas leaves made has met the standards, and based on activity testing, it is known that Jarak pagar leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) have the same activity as Vasorelaxan

Farmers’ Behaviour towards Utilisation of Jatropha Curcas for Environmental Mitigation in Oyo State, Nigeria

The dysfunctional environment caused by soil erosion, wind erosion, deforestation, desertification, issues of flood was due to the effect of greenhouse gases emanating as a result of various activities of man and industries. Consequently, this has prompted the exploitation of Jatropha curcas for mitigating the environment. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine farmers’ behaviour towards utilisation of Jatropha curcas for mitigation of environment in the study area. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 120 farmers from 217 trained Jatropha farmers across Ido and Akinyele Local Government Areas in Oyo State. The data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and pearson product moment correlation. The result for the study showed that majority of the respondents had mean age of 44.4± 10.8 with majority also being male (66.7%) and formal education (91.7%). The result revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and farmers’ behaviour towards utilization of Jatropha curcas for environmental mitigation. There was correlation between farmers’ awareness on cultivation of Jatropha curcas and their behavior towards utilisation of Jatropha curcas for environmental mitigation (r = 0.399**, p < 0.05). The respondents’ attitude was significantly related to their behavior towards utilization of Jatropha curcas for environmental mitigation (r = - 0.182*, p < 0.05). The study showed that awareness and attitude of farmers strongly influence their behaviour towards utilization of Jatropha curcas for environmental mitigation. The implication of this study is to ensure that the environment becomes free of hazards and degradation which affect survival of the ecosystem and biodiversity. Hence, government should join in the advocacy to open continuous channels of communication on the importance of Jatropha to motivate farmers to having right behaviour towards utilization of Jatropha curcas as a measure to mitigate the environment. Keywords: Behaviour, utilisation, Jatropha curcas, farmers, mitigation, environmen

Microbubbles enhanced synthetic phorbol ester degradation by ozonolysis

A phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA) is a synthetic analogue of phorbol ester (PE), a natural toxic compound of Euphorbiaceae plant. The oil extracted from plants of this family is useful source for primarily biofuel. However this oil might also be used as a foodstuff due to its significant nutrition content. The limitations for utilizing the oil as a foodstuff are mainly due to a toxicity of PE. Currently, a majority of PE detoxification processes are expensive as include multi steps alcohol extraction sequence. Ozone is considered as a strong oxidative agent. It reacts with PE by attacking the carbon-carbon double bond of PE. This modification of PE molecular structure yields a non toxic ester with high lipid content. This report presents data on development of simple and cheap PE detoxification process with water application as a buffer and ozone as reactive component. The core of this new technique is an application for a new microscale plasma unit to ozone production and the technology permits ozone injection to the water-TPA mixture in form of microbubbles. The efficacy of a heterogeneous process depends on the diffusion coefficient which can be controlled by contact time and interfacial area. The low velocity of rising microbubbles and high surface to volume ratio allow efficient mass transfer to be achieved during the process. Direct injection of ozone is the most efficient way to process with such highly reactive and short lived chemical. Data on the plasma unit behavior are presented and the influence of gas oscillation technology on the microbubble production mechanism has been discussed. Data on overall process efficacy for TPA degradation is shown

UJI DAYA HAMBAT GETAH JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus merupakan bakteri patogen yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya diare. Getah Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat antibakteri getah Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)  konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% dengan pelarut akuades steril  menggunakan metode difusi Kirby-Bauer/Paper disk. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa getah Jarak Pagar  (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki daya hambat antibakteri terhadap bakteri Bacillus cereus ditandai dengan adanya zona bening yang terbentuk di sekitaran kertas cakram. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik one way ANAVA dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Ftabel ≤ Fhitung (4,25 ≤ 160,136) hal ini menyatakan adanya pengaruh antibakteri daya hambat getah Jatropha curcas L. terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus cereus. Hasil  uji Post Hoc Duncan menunjukkan konsentrasi dengan nilai rata rata tertinggi yaitu konsentrasi 100% (11,63 mm) kategori kuat, dilanjutkan dengan konsentraasi 75% (10,83% mm) kategori kuat, 50% (9,78% mm) kategori sedang, dan 25% (8,48% mm) kategori sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa getah Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus cereus.Kata Kunci: Getah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), Bacillus cereus, antibakteri

Jatropha Assessment. Agronomy, socio-economic issues, and ecology. Facts from literature.

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) has been promoted as a potential renewable energy source for many of its advantageous properties in comparison to other biomass feedstock. This report summarises the agronomy, socio-economic issues, and ecology facts from literature on Jatropha. Such an overview is essential to formulate recommendations and policy guidelines to stimulate best project practices and also help to avoid the promotion of unviable or unsustainable practices

Life cycle assessment of biofuels from Jatropha curcas in West Africa: a field study

In recent years, liquid biofuels for transport have benefited from significant political support due to their potential role in curbing climate change and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. They may also participate to rural development by providing new markets for agricultural production. However, the growth of energy crops has raised concerns due to their high consumption of conventional fuels, fertilizers and pesticides, their impacts on ecosystems and their competition for arable land with food crops. Lowinput species such as Jatropha curcas, a perennial, inedible crop well adapted to semiarid regions, has received much interest as a new alternative for biofuel production, minimizing adverse effects on the environment and food supply. Here, we used life-cycle assessment to quantify the benefits of J. curcas biofuel production inWest Africa in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use, compared with fossil diesel fuel and other biofuels. Biodiesel from J. curcas has a much higher performance than current biofuels, relative to oil-derived diesel fuels. Under West Africa conditions, J. curcas biodiesel allows a 72% saving in greenhouse gas emissions compared with conventional diesel fuel, and its energy yield (the ratio of biodiesel energy output to fossil energy input) is 4.7. J. curcas production studied is eco-compatible for the impacts under consideration and fits into the context of sustainable development

Engine performance of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with blends of Jatropha Curcas oil and stardard diesel fuel

Blends of Jatropha Curcas oil and standard diesel fuel were evaluated (without pre-heating). The engine tests for the blends were performed in a Petter single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under steady state conditions at high loads. Engine speeds between 1300-1700 rpm were selected for the engine tests. Torque, power output, specific fuel consumption, in cylinder pressure, ignition delay, rate of heat released and exhaust composition were evaluated. The tested blends between 10-20% of oil shown lower effective torque and power output joint to a higher specific fuel consumption related to the lower heating value of Jatropha oil compared to diesel fuel. Lower pressure peaks and rates or pressure rises were observed when Jatropha blends are used. A decrease in the rate of heat released and shorter ignition delay were observed for the blends. Decreases in HC and CO emissions were observed for blends compared to diesel fuel. Both alternatives assessed shown that the differences observed compared to diesel fuel, can be partially restored with engines regulation. The use of Jatropha oil in order to be a partial or full alternative to the use of diesel fuel for energy production was achieved