Polukoračno upravljanje pozicijom linearnog prekidačko-reluktantnog motora bez senzora bazirano na stražnjim elektromagnetskim silama

This paper presents a position sensorless closed loop control of a switched reluctance linear motor. The aim of the proposed control is to damp the position of the studied motor. Indeed, the position oscillations can harm some applications requiring high position precision. Moreover, they can induce the linear switched reluctance motor to an erratic working. The proposed control solution is based on back Electromotive Forces which give information about the oscillatory behaviour of the studied motor and avoid the use of a cumbersome and expensive position linear sensor. The determination of the designed control law parameters was based on the singular perturbation theory. The efficiency of the proposed control solution was proven by simulations and experimental tests.Ovaj rad predstavlja upravljanje linearnim prekidačko-reluktantnim motorom u zatvorenoj petlji bez senzora. Cilj predloženog upravljanja je prigušiti oscilacije pozicije navedenog motora. Oscilacije pozicije mogu štetno utjecati na aplikacije koje zahtijevaju visoku preciznost pozicije. Također oscilacije mogu dovesti do nepravilnog rada motora. Predloženo rješenje upravljanja zasniva se na stražnjim elektromotornim silama koje daju informaciju o oscilatornom vladanju navedenog motora čime se izbjegava potreba za skupim i nezgrapnim linearnim senzorom pozicije. Određivanje parametara upravljanja je bazirano na singularnoj teoriji perturbacije. Efikasnost predloženog sustava upravljanja dokazana je pomoću simulacijskih i eksperimentalnih testiranja

FPGAs in Industrial Control Applications

The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their contribution to industrial control applications. Authors start by addressing various research fields which can exploit the advantages of FPGAs. The features of these devices are then presented, followed by their corresponding design tools. To illustrate the benefits of using FPGAs in the case of complex control applications, a sensorless motor controller has been treated. This controller is based on the Extended Kalman Filter. Its development has been made according to a dedicated design methodology, which is also discussed. The use of FPGAs to implement artificial intelligence-based industrial controllers is then briefly reviewed. The final section presents two short case studies of Neural Network control systems designs targeting FPGAs

High-Performance Control of Switched Reluctance Motors

A general high bandwidth, low ripple, instantaneous torque control strategy with a variable field-angle for extended constant-power speed range is presented. The strategy is based on the SR motor's electromagnetic characteristics measured at the motor terminals and is the nearest functional equivalent to AC vector control for this type of machine. Low torque ripple and high bandwidth are achieved over a wide range of speeds and a constant power range of 3:1. The proposed controller, which is applicable to most SR motors, is found to reduce the torque ripple by a factor of 5 in comparison with conventional square-wave current operation, and has been operated over a speed range of 1:6000

Analisis Bibliometrik Riset PID Speed Control pada Rentang 2013-2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait perkembangan riset PID speed control dalam satu dekade terakhir (2013-2022). Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah analisis bibliometrik dengan menggunakan VOSviewer, Tableau Public dan Rstudio Biblioshiny. Database yang digunakan adalah Scopus. Dengan kata kunci pencarian “PI* speed control*”, diperoleh 258 dokumen publikasi yang terdiri dari 105 artikel jurnal dan 153 artikel prosiding yang menjadi dataset utama yang digunakan dalam artikel ini. Dari hasil analisis terlihat bahwa jumlah publikasi riset PID speed control berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Top 10 dokumen dengan jumlah sitasi terbanyak juga dibahas dalam artikel ini. Author paling produktif dan author paling berpengaruh dalam riset PID speed control terungkap yaitu Verma, A dan Choi, H.H. Topik yang sedang tren dan menjadi hotspot dalam riset PID speed control adalah particle swarm optimization, direct torque control, extended Kalman filter, current predictive control, sliding mode control, model predictive control dan disturbance observer. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi para peneliti empiris untuk menentukan kebaruan dan research gap untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam tema utama PID speed control

Critical Aspects of Electric Motor Drive Controllers and Mitigation of Torque Ripple - Review

Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing a vital role in sustainable transportation. It is estimated that by 2030, Battery EVs will become mainstream for passenger car transportation. Even though EVs are gaining interest in sustainable transportation, the future of EV power transmission is facing vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of torque ripple mitigation and improved reliability control techniques in motors, many motor drive control algorithms fail to provide efficient control. To efficiently address this issue, control techniques such as Field Orientation Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Model Predictive Control (MPC), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), and Intelligent Control (IC) techniques are used in the motor drive control algorithms. This literature survey exclusively compares the various advanced control techniques for conventionally used EV motors such as Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC), Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), and Induction Motors (IM). Furthermore, this paper discusses the EV-motors history, types of EVmotors, EV-motor drives powertrain mathematical modelling, and design procedure of EV-motors. The hardware results have also been compared with different control techniques for BLDC and SRM hub motors. Future direction towards the design of EV by critical selection of motors and their control techniques to minimize the torque ripple and other research opportunities to enhance the performance of EVs are also presented.publishedVersio

Aktiivinen magneettilaakeri vaihtoreluktanssimoottorina

The goal of this work was to research the similarities between active magnetic bearings and switched reluctance motor and particularly research the chances for converting magnetic bearing into switched reluctance motor. In addition, ways to cope with the widely reported problems the motor type has were studied. The test environment consisted of test rig, previously used for testing control methods for magnetic bearing. In addition to this, MATLAB Simulink simulation models were built to help the designing of the test setup. The test setup had two alternative controllers, an original magnetic bearing controller, modified to work as a motor controller and a new CompactRIO-based controller that was used for comparing different speed control and commutation methods. New rotor designs were engineered to work with the prototype motor that used unmodified magnetic bearing stator. This setup was tested for obtaining the output torque and maximum speed of the motor together with the accuracy to follow set values. Test results of simulations and test setup were inside the error margins, showing the use of simulations beneficial in design process of this type of a motor. The tests revealed differences between the control methods, suggesting using the advanced angle controller and adjustable commutation angles.Työn tavoitteena oli tutkia yhteneväisyyksiä aktiivimagneettilaakerien ja vaihtoreluktanssimoottorin välillä. Tutkimus keskittyi erityisesti arvioimaan mahdollisuuksia muuntaa magneettilaakeri vaihtoreluktanssimoottoriksi. Lisäksi tutkittiin keinoja ratkaista ongelmia, joita tämän tyyppisessä sähkömoottorissa on raportoitu olevan. Testiympäristö koostui roottorikoelaitteesta, jota on aikaisemmin käytetty magneettilaakerin säätöjärjestelmän tutkimuksessa. Lisäksi rakennettiin MATLAB Simulink simulointimalli, jota käytettiin moottorin säätöjärjestelmän suunnittelun apuna. Testilaitteessa oli kaksi vaihtoehtoista säätöjärjestelmää; alkuperäinen magneettilaakerin ohjain muokattuna toimimaan moottorin ohjaimena sekä uusi CompactRIO -järjestelmään perustuva säätöjärjestelmä. Jälkimmäistä käytettiin erilaisten nopeus- ja kommutointitapojen vertailuun keskenään. Prototyyppimoottorin staattori oli sama, jota käytettiin magneettilaakerin kanssa. Roottori suunniteltiin sopimaan juuri tähän käyttötarkoitukseen. Tätä koelaitetta testattiin vääntömomentin ja maksiminopeuden selvittämiseksi. Lisäksi suoritettiin testejä, joissa tutkittiin kykyä seurata nopeuden asetusarvoa. Simuloimalla saadut tulokset olivat hyvin lähellä koelaitteella saatuja tuloksia osoittaen simuloinnin käytön olevan hyödyllistä tämän tyyppisen moottorin suunnittelussa. Säätömenetelmät suoriutuivat vaihtelevalla menestyksellä testeistä. Suositeltava säätömenetelmä oli edistyskulman säädin, joka käytti hyväkseen säädettäviä kommutointikulmia

Direct energy converter controllers for switched reluctance motor operation

There is increasing demand for simple motor drives offering high reliability and fault tolerance in applications such as the aerospace actuator industry, with the development of `more electric aircraft'. This thesis presents a motor drive employing a switched reluctance motor, the novel single sided matrix converter, and a novel double band hysteresis based control scheme for control of the converter, implemented using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The single sided matrix converter is a direct energy converter, capable of supplying unidirectional currents from a multiphase AC voltage source. It is suitable for driving motors such as the switched reluctance motor and trapezoidal permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) machine. The use of a direct energy converter removes the DC link energy storage element usually found in switched reluctance motor drives, making practical implementation possible without the use of electrolytic capacitors. This is a requirement for applications in the aerospace industry. Controller implementation without the use of a digital signal processor (DSP) makes application of the converter in the aerospace industry easy as specific DSP approval is not required. Simulations of the converter operation are presented, followed by a description of the practical implementation of the novel converter and control schemes. Practical results demonstrate the reliable operation of the converter, driving both switched reluctance and trapezoidal PMDC machines. The work has been published in three conference papers, presenting both the topology of the drive and the applied control schemes, as well as analysing the fault tolerant capabilities of the drive

Fuzzy Logic Control and PID Controller for Brushless Permanent Magnetic Direct Current Motor: A Comparative Study

Electrical machines based on permanent magnet material excitations have been applied in many sectors since they are distinguished by their high torque-to-size ratio and offer high efficiency. Brushless permanent magnetic direct current (BLPMDC) motors are one type of these machines. They are preferable over conventional DC motors. one of the main challengings of the BLPMDC motor drives is the inherited feature of nonlinearity. Therefore, a conventional PID controller would not be an efficient choice for the speed control of such motors. The object of this paper is to design an efficient speed control for the BLPMDC motor. The proposed controller is based on the Fuzzy logic technique. MATLAB/ Simulink has been employed to design and test the drive system. Simulations were carried out for three cases, the first without a controller, the other using conventional control, and the third using expert systems. The results proved the possibility of improving the engine's working performance using the control systems. They also proved that the adoption of expert systems is better than the traditional nonlinear systems. The simulation response shows that the Rise Time(tr) at PID equals 66.306ms, while it equals 19.530ms for the Fuzzy logic controller. Moreover, Overshoot for PID and Fuzzy logic controller are 6.989% and 1.531%, respectively. On the other hand, undershoot is equal to 1.788% and 11.924% for PID and Fuzzy logic controller, respectively

Test platform for electronic control units of high-performance safety-critical multi actuator systems

In this paper we are mostly concerned with the problem of testing electronic control units of synchronized electric power actuators. This task is particularly complex for safety critical applications, where it is crucial that the control system properly reacts in response to the faults, that are hard to reproduce and verify. A cost-effective flexible and reconfigurable test platform is proposed, discussing its architecture and implementation. The proposed system facilitates the phase of definition and development of the electronic control unit, allowing the interfacing towards both hydraulic and electromechanical actuators, and having a high flexibility as regards the I/O signals. Some results, obtained during the laboratory test activity, are also presented

Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives

Dear Colleagues, I am very happy to have this Special Issue of the journal Energies on the topic of Design and Control of Electrical Motor Drives published. Electrical motor drives are widely used in the industry, automation, transportation, and home appliances. Indeed, rolling mills, machine tools, high-speed trains, subway systems, elevators, electric vehicles, air conditioners, all depend on electrical motor drives.However, the production of effective and practical motors and drives requires flexibility in the regulation of current, torque, flux, acceleration, position, and speed. Without proper modeling, drive, and control, these motor drive systems cannot function effectively.To address these issues, we need to focus on the design, modeling, drive, and control of different types of motors, such as induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless DC motors, DC motors, synchronous reluctance motors, switched reluctance motors, flux-switching motors, linear motors, and step motors.Therefore, relevant research topics in this field of study include modeling electrical motor drives, both in transient and in steady-state, and designing control methods based on novel control strategies (e.g., PI controllers, fuzzy logic controllers, neural network controllers, predictive controllers, adaptive controllers, nonlinear controllers, etc.), with particular attention to transient responses, load disturbances, fault tolerance, and multi-motor drive techniques. This Special Issue include original contributions regarding recent developments and ideas in motor design, motor drive, and motor control. The topics include motor design, field-oriented control, torque control, reliability improvement, advanced controllers for motor drive systems, DSP-based sensorless motor drive systems, high-performance motor drive systems, high-efficiency motor drive systems, and practical applications of motor drive systems. I want to sincerely thank authors, reviewers, and staff members for their time and efforts. Prof. Dr. Tian-Hua Liu Guest Edito