Euler characteristic for teachers

In the present paper we explain the well-known Euler formula for solids, as an interesting argument to be dealt with students, in order to point out that in mathematics, and particularly in geometry, there are many different ways to investigate objects. It is also explained with examples the topological reason for which, in defining the Euler Characteristic of a polyhedral surface in the space, it is necessary to use a triangulation, instead of a general tassellation

Chromatographic Identification of Leaf Color Characteristics on Fine-flavor and Bulk Cacao as Selection Indicator

A problem encountered in plant breeding process to determine bean color quality of fine-flavor cocoa is a long selection period. Preliminary results indicatedthat the fine-flavor cocoa has a low color reflectance than bulk cocoa. The objectiveof this study is to find more applicable and easier method to do the early detectionof fine-flavor cocoa on the breeding population. Detection of the leaf color haracteristics was done by chromatographic and spectrophotometry analysis. hromatographic analysis was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, IndonesianCoffee and Cocoa Research Institute using complete random design consistedof two types of cocoa; fine-flavor (10 clones) and bulk cocoa (10 clones). pectrophotometric analysis was conducted at Ma Chung University, Malang, East Java.Four clones of bulk cocoa and six clones of fine flavor cocoa were used in thisanalysis. The results of the study showed that the flush color characteristics of thefine-flavor cocoa were different from the bulk cocoa characteristics as shown bythe differences in the value of L*, b* and anthocyanin content. Flush characteristic s ofthe fine-flavor cocoa had brighter color, more toward green with higher yellowlevel, while the bulk cocoa had darker flush, red and lower yellow level. Thecolor parameter of L* and b* had a higher genetic variation compared with theenvironment variation. However, the parameter a* had a higher environmental variation compared with genetic variation. Grouping of fine-flavor cocoa and bulk cocoacould be done through the detection of flush anthocyanin content, when tendencyof flush anthocyanin content on fine-flavor cocoa was lower than bulk cocoa.The detection of flush color particularly L* and b* parameters through hromatographic analysis and anthocyanin content through spectrophotometric analysismay be used as a criteria for selection the fine flavor cocoa on seedling phase

EOS spheres, Vol. 8, Issue 2 (Summer 2009)

Newsletter of the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, at the University of New Hampshire

Session 2B: Groundwater and Karst

Incorporating Machine Learning with LiDAR for Delineating Sinkholes Advances in Urban Karst Hydrological and Contaminant Monitoring Techniques for Real-Time and High-Resolution Applications Finding the Edge: How Can We Apply Edge of Field Monitoring to Karst? An Urban Karst Groundwater Evaluation and Monitoring Toolbox Center-Pivot Irrigation in Western Kentucky: Adding Context to the Discussio

James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health Annual Report 1981

James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health Annual Report 1981Topics in the Annual Report include: A Message from the Director (Douglas D. McGregor); Staff of the Baker Institute; Cornell Research Laboratory for Diseases of Dogs; Giralda Laboratory for Canine Infectious Diseases; Daynemouth Laboratory for Canine Nutrition; John M. Olin Laboratory for the Study of Canine Hip Dysplasia; Hadley C. Stephenson Laboratory for Canine Diseases; Donnelley Laboratory of Immunochemistry; Oswald R. Jones Laboratory of Immunology; Immunogenetics Laboratory; Richard King Mellon Laboratory for Electron Microscopy; Advisory Council; The Institute in Perspective; Acknowledgements; Publications; Ways of Giving

Natural coagulates for wastewater treatment; a review for application and mechanism

The increase of water demand and wastewater generation is among the global concerns in the world. The less effective management of water sources leads to serious consequences, the direct disposal of untreated wastewater is associated with the environmental pollution, elimination of aquatic life and the spread of deadly epidemics. The flocculation process is one of the most important stages in water and wastewater treatment plants, wherein this phase the plankton, colloidal particles, and pollutants are precipitated and removed. Two major types of coagulants are used in the flocculation process included the chemical and natural coagulants. Many studies have been performed to optimize the flocculation process while most of these studies have confirmed the hazardous effects of chemical coagulants utilization on the ecosystem. This chapter reviews a summary of the coagulation/flocculation processes using natural coagulants as well as reviews one of the most effective natural methods of water and wastewater treatment

The diversity of banana cultivars in East Kalimantan based on morphological characteristic

Banana is a plant with nutritious fruit and can help prevent stunting. Banana plants are widely cultivated in East Kalimantan, but the type characterization has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of banana plants in East Kalimantan and to characterize banana plants based on morphology. This research is explorative in nature by identifying directly in the field the cultivated banana cultivars. Morphological characterization of stems, leaves and fruit was carried out based on the banana description contained in IPGRI-INIBAP/CIRAD. The research instrument is a banana morphology observation sheet which contains parameters: leaf habit, pseudostem color, predominant underlying color of the pseudostem, sap color, blotches at the petiole base, blotches color, petiole canal leaf III, color of leaf upper surface, color of midrib dorsal surface, color of leaf lower surface, color of midrib ventral surface, wax on leaves. The result shows that at East Kalimantan is found 12 types of banana cultivars were found, Talas bananas, Rutai bananas, Kepok bananas, Mas bananas, Morosebo bananas, Tanduk bananas, Susu bananas, Maulin bananas, Red bananas, Ambon bananas, Raja bananas, and Cavendish bananas.There are variations in the morphological characteristics of banana plants, leaves and fruit that can characterize each banana

Method for Pre-Conditioning a Measured Surface Height Map for Model Validation

This software allows one to up-sample or down-sample a measured surface map for model validation, not only without introducing any re-sampling errors, but also eliminating the existing measurement noise and measurement errors. Because the re-sampling of a surface map is accomplished based on the analytical expressions of Zernike-polynomials and a power spectral density model, such re-sampling does not introduce any aliasing and interpolation errors as is done by the conventional interpolation and FFT-based (fast-Fourier-transform-based) spatial-filtering method. Also, this new method automatically eliminates the measurement noise and other measurement errors such as artificial discontinuity. The developmental cycle of an optical system, such as a space telescope, includes, but is not limited to, the following two steps: (1) deriving requirements or specs on the optical quality of individual optics before they are fabricated through optical modeling and simulations, and (2) validating the optical model using the measured surface height maps after all optics are fabricated. There are a number of computational issues related to model validation, one of which is the "pre-conditioning" or pre-processing of the measured surface maps before using them in a model validation software tool. This software addresses the following issues: (1) up- or down-sampling a measured surface map to match it with the gridded data format of a model validation tool, and (2) eliminating the surface measurement noise or measurement errors such that the resulted surface height map is continuous or smoothly-varying. So far, the preferred method used for re-sampling a surface map is two-dimensional interpolation. The main problem of this method is that the same pixel can take different values when the method of interpolation is changed among the different methods such as the "nearest," "linear," "cubic," and "spline" fitting in Matlab. The conventional, FFT-based spatial filtering method used to eliminate the surface measurement noise or measurement errors can also suffer from aliasing effects. During re-sampling of a surface map, this software preserves the low spatial-frequency characteristic of a given surface map through the use of Zernike-polynomial fit coefficients, and maintains mid- and high-spatial-frequency characteristics of the given surface map by the use of a PSD model derived from the two-dimensional PSD data of the mid- and high-spatial-frequency components of the original surface map. Because this new method creates the new surface map in the desired sampling format from analytical expressions only, it does not encounter any aliasing effects and does not cause any discontinuity in the resultant surface map

Efficacy of Different Pet Treat Formulations to Prevent Infestation by the Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae

The pet food industry is a major part of the high-value processed food market in the USA and worldwide. Pest control associated with pet foods is an important activity. The mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a prolific cosmopolitan species that can infests high-value pet treats undetected until the infestations increase to very large numbers. Propylene glycol is a food-safe additive used to prevent mite infestations (Zhang et al., 2018; Abbar et al. 2015). Unfortunately, propylene glycol in certain foods can harm pets, and many companies are changing formulations. Here we conducted forced infestation of mites on three experimental pet treats and compared these to the current product that contains propylene glycol for susceptibility to mite infestation. We confirmed that the current product with propylene glycol did not support any mite population growth after a forced infestation with 20 mites. Two of the test formulations showed promise in preventing mite infestation, but one formulation was clearly susceptible to mites