The Potential of Religious Radicalism Movement in Banyumas

Religious radicalism is the trigger for the occurrence of terrorism which is an extraordinary crime and an enemy of all the countries that exist in the world. Since Indonesia as a country has a high vulnerability to religious radicalism, it is important to conduct studies on religious radicalism both nationally and regionally. Knowing the level and potential of religious radicalism is a step for the creation of a comprehensive mechanism of prevention and treatment of religious radicalism. The position of Banyumas as an inter-provincial gateway becomes very strategic for radical groups to spread their ideology and mindset. The ease of inter-regional access underpinned by good supporting facilities and infrastructure is an important point of consideration for radical groups to spread their ideas. Interviews were conducted to obtain data from stakeholders who handle radicalism. the findings were elaborated with supporting literature to provide a more comprehensive result. The results of this study indicate that Banyumas has great potential for the growth and development of religious radicalism, and Banyumas people have high vulnerability to get exposed and influenced by the idea of radicalism caused by factors of religious behavior, geography, culture, technology and information development, and demography. However, so far the level of religious radicalism in Banyumas is still low because there is good cooperation between the stakeholders and the community. Radikalisme agama merupakan pemicu bagi terjadinya terorisme yang merupakan kejahatan luar biasa dan menjadi musuh semua negara yang ada di dunia. Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki kerawanan yang tinggi terhadap radikalisme agama penting untuk melakukan kajian-kajian mengenai radikalisme agama baik dalam tingkat nasional maupun regional. Mengetahui tingkat dan potensi radikalisme agama merupakan langkah bagi terciptanya mekanisme pencegahan dan penanganan radikalisme agama yang komprehensif. Posisi Banyumas sebagai pintu gerbang antar provinsi menjadi sangat strategis bagi kelompok-kelompok radikal untuk menyebarkan ideologi dan pola pikirnya. Kemudahan akses antar wilayah yang ditopang dengan kondisi sarana dan prasarana pendukung wilayah yang baik menjadi poin penting pertimbangan bagi kelompok radikal untuk menyebarkan pahamnya. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data dari stakeholder yang menangani radikalisme. Hasil temuan lalu dielabrasi dengan literatur pendukung untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Banyumas memiliki potensi besar bagi tumbuh dan berkembangnya radikalisme agama, dan masyarakat Banyumas memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terpapar dan terpengaruh paham radikalisme yang disebabkan karena faktor perilaku beragama, faktor geografis, faktor kultural, faktor perkembangan teknologi dan informasi, serta faktor demografi. Namun demikian sejauh ini tingkat radikalisme agama di Banyumas masih termasuk rendah. Hal tersebut karena adanya kerjasama penanggulangan yang baik antara stakeholder dan masyarakat

Post-Westgate SWAT : C4ISTAR Architectural Framework for Autonomous Network Integrated Multifaceted Warfighting Solutions Version 1.0 : A Peer-Reviewed Monograph

Police SWAT teams and Military Special Forces face mounting pressure and challenges from adversaries that can only be resolved by way of ever more sophisticated inputs into tactical operations. Lethal Autonomy provides constrained military/security forces with a viable option, but only if implementation has got proper empirically supported foundations. Autonomous weapon systems can be designed and developed to conduct ground, air and naval operations. This monograph offers some insights into the challenges of developing legal, reliable and ethical forms of autonomous weapons, that address the gap between Police or Law Enforcement and Military operations that is growing exponentially small. National adversaries are today in many instances hybrid threats, that manifest criminal and military traits, these often require deployment of hybrid-capability autonomous weapons imbued with the capability to taken on both Military and/or Security objectives. The Westgate Terrorist Attack of 21st September 2013 in the Westlands suburb of Nairobi, Kenya is a very clear manifestation of the hybrid combat scenario that required military response and police investigations against a fighting cell of the Somalia based globally networked Al Shabaab terrorist group.Comment: 52 pages, 6 Figures, over 40 references, reviewed by a reade

Framing of Pro-Minority Political Parties by Mainstream Media: A case study of the Peoples’ Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi – HDP) and the Turkish Press

The objective of this case study is to analyze how the mainstream Turkish press framed the pro-minority Peoples’ Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi – HDP) and what the differences and similarities were in their framing of the HDP in coverage of the events between the two general elections in 2015, when the peace process between the PKK and Turkish state collapsed. The analysis is focused on 3 newspapers from June 2015 until November 2015: Hürriyet, Sabah and, Sözcü. I practiced upon the propaganda model to explain how the media in Turkey worked as for the Kurds and relied on the framing and agenda-setting theories to make sense of the fact that how and to what end the actors in political communication framed issues. While the study showed that the HDP were covered majorly within the subjects of Kurdish – Turkish Conflict (1984 -) and 7 June Elections, the dominant frame to cover the HDP was the morality frame, followed by responsibility and terrorism & separation frames. The findings showed that there was a considerable variation between how and on which subject each newspaper covered the HDP based on their political affiliation. While Hürriyet covered the HDP through a mostly legitimate actor frame coupled with responsibility and powerlessness frames, Sabah and Sözcü’s framing of HDP were based on a highly illegitimate actor frame for Sözcü and almost solid illegitimate actor frame for Sabah, followed by responsibility and terrorism and separation frames for both newspapers. The findings of this study showed that the mainstream framing activity between the two elections did not affect HDP constituency in a decisive degree but rendered the party as significantly vulnerable in political context of Turkey.Master's Thesis in Public AdministrationAORG351MASV-PUBA

The Dynamics of the Creation, Evolution, and Disappearance of Terrorist Internet Forums

An examination of the organizational nature of the threat posed by jihadi terrorism, supplying quantitative and qualitative data on the dynamics behind the creation, evolution, and disappearance of the main jihadi Internet forums during the period 2008–2012. An analysis of the origins and functions of the forums, their links with terrorist organizations, their internal structures, and the processes accounting for their stability in cyberspace shows that far from representing a horizontal structure where the main actors are a network of followers, the terrorist presence on the Internet is in fact a hierarchical organization in which intervention by formal terrorist organizations plays a crucial role

Exploring Text Mining and Analytics for Applications in Public Security: An in-depth dive into a systematic literature review

Text mining and related analytics emerge as a technological approach to support human activities in extracting useful knowledge through texts in several formats. From a managerial point of view, it can help organizations in planning and decision-making processes, providing information that was not previously evident through textual materials produced internally or even externally. In this context, within the public/governmental scope, public security agencies are great beneficiaries of the tools associated with text mining, in several aspects, from applications in the criminal area to the collection of people's opinions and sentiments about the actions taken to promote their welfare. This article reports details of a systematic literature review focused on identifying the main areas of text mining application in public security, the most recurrent technological tools, and future research directions. The searches covered four major article bases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library), selecting 194 materials published between 2014 and the first half of 2021, among journals, conferences, and book chapters. There were several findings concerning the targets of the literature review, as presented in the results of this article

Russia\u27s Homegrown Insurgency: Jihad in the North Caucasus

The three papers offered in this monograph provide a detailed analysis of the insurgency and counterinsurgency campaigns being conducted by Islamist rebels against Russia in the North Caucasus. This conflict is Russia’s primary security threat, but it has barely registered on Western minds and is hardly reported in the West as well. To overcome this neglect, these three papers go into great detail concerning the nature of the Islamist challenge, the Russian response, and the implications of this conflict. This monograph, in keeping with SSI’s objectives, provides a basis for dialogue among U.S., European, and Russian experts concerning insurgency and counterinsurgency, which will certainly prove useful to all of these nations, since they will continue to be challenged by such wars well into the future. It is important for us to learn from the insurgency in the North Caucasus, because the issues raised by this conflict will not easily go away, even for the United States as it leaves Afghanistan.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1540/thumbnail.jp

Semantic Classification of Multidialectal Arabic Social Media

Arabic is one of the most widely used languages in the world, but due in part to its morphological and syntactic richness, resources for automated processing of Arabic are relatively rare. Arabic takes three primary forms: Classical Arabic as seen in the Qur’an and other classical texts; Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) as seen in newspapers, formal documents, and other written text intended for widespread distribution; and dialectal Arabic as used in common speech and informal communication. Social media posts are often written in informal language and may include non-standard spellings, abbreviations, emoticons, hashtags, and emojis. Dialectal Arabic is commonly used in social media. Semantic classification is the task of assigning a label to a text based on its primary semantic content. Given the increased use of dialectal Arabic on social media platforms in recent years, there is an urgent need for semantic classification of dialectal Arabic. Even compared to MSA there are few resources for automated processing of dialectal Arabic. The prior work dealing with automated processing of dialectal Arabic are limited to only one or two dialects. One of the major obstacles to doing semantic classification of multi-dialectal Arabic is the lack of a large, multi-dialectal, tagged corpus. To the best of our knowledge there are no automated processes for semantic classification of multi-dialectal Arabic social media texts. We gather a data set of more than one million tweets collected from 449 accounts located in 12 Arabic-speaking countries. We group those tweets into 21,791 documents by country, account, and month. We first construct a query to represent a particular semantic concept. Then, using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) we rank the documents by semantic similarity to the query. Next, we use that ranking to train a deep neural network classifier to identify documents whose text is semantically similar to the query. Experiments demonstrate an overall accuracy of 98.075% and a positive accuracy of 88.178% have been achieved by this approach to semantic classification of multi-dialectal Arabic. The source code and the data set are provided on GitHub at https://github.com/therishel/ArabLeader

Perspective and Perception: Terrorism Then and Now in Conrad, Chesterton, Hamid and Shamsie.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a perspectival and perceptional approach to terrorism through its literary representations. The understanding of terrorism is characterised by a unidirectional perspective that prevents inclusive and varied interpretation of the intricacies of terrorism. In the aim of achieving the intention of this study, four primary texts have been selected: The Secret Agent: Simple Tale (1907), The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare (1908), The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) and Home Fire (2017). The textual analysis of the novels is based on different aspects of perspective and perception that include pictorial metaphors structured around disguise, deceit and the changing insights that these suggest, as a way of mirroring the existing multidimensional aspect of terrorism. Sound as in narrative points of view, being an element that contributes to the formation of perception, is another analytical apparatus that serves to uncover the multifaceted character of terrorism. The primary texts, although not covering the period of colonial and postcolonial period, pave the way for the wider purpose of this study. They cover both representations of anarchist and contemporary violence. They are geographically diverse, which permits the exploration of the influence of geopolitics on the perception of terrorism. Moreover, the research analyses the representation of the terrorist from different contexts in the aim of revealing the different perceptions that can be associated with the choice of terrorism. This research aims at exploring the literary representation of all voices existing within terrorism but are absent from the mainstream terrorism discourse and perspective. It creates a literary grey space outside the unidirectional formulation of terrorism, that paints the images, the sounds and silence within terrorism to mimic the kaleidoscope effect of perspectives and perceptions through Conrad, Chesterton, Hamid and Shamsie

The Paradox of Exclusion Within Equity: Interrogating Discourse at the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

Employment discrimination has been a challenge in Canada for many groups and for government agencies who propose to adhere to a human rights agenda. To address this concern, the federal government initiated various anti-discriminatory policies and programs to counteract employment discrimination for four designated groups: Aboriginal people, “visible minorities,” women, and people with disabilities. The Employment Equity Act and the Canadian Human Rights Act were the legislation, and the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal the institutions designed to deal with employment discrimination for federal employees. When employees file a claim, it is initially processed at the Canadian Human Rights Commission; if the Commission is unable to deal with the complaints due, for example, to the complexity of the claim, it is forwarded to the Tribunal. Although these policies and programs have been in place for more than 10 years, “visible minorities” continue to experience racial discrimination in the workplace, and some who have filed a claim feel that the institutions that were created to protect them have instead perpetuated discrimination. The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanisms through which racism is reproduced at the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal level. Using a critical race theoretical framework and the methodology of critical discourse analysis, I uncover the ways in which racism is reproduced by the Tribunal. I draw upon two categories to identify how racism is reproduced at the Tribunal when visible minorities bring their complaints to be heard in the quasi judicial process: institutional practice and institutional discourse. The research indicates that the perspective of the Tribunal adjudicators, which deeply influences how they hear and respond to complaint cases, allows them to ignore everyday racism in the workplace, normalize racist action and policies, and blame the complainants for their experiences. I conclude that until the way in which these cases are heard changes, including the standard for accepting evidence, visible minorities will continue to be re-victimized in the Tribunal adjudication process as the majority of cases are dismissed