Holland City News, Volume 73, Number 22: June 1, 1944

Newspaper published in Holland, Michigan, from 1872-1977, to serve the English-speaking people in Holland, Michigan. Purchased by local Dutch language newspaper, De Grondwet, owner in 1888.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/hcn_1944/1021/thumbnail.jp

Faces of Cambodia: Buddhism(s), Portraiture and Images of Kings

In the late twelfth-century the face dominated the visual landscape of the Angkor Empire, appearing at the Mahāyānist Bayon temple in the form of monumental ‘face towers’, a distinctive architectural-cum-sculptural feature of the reign of Jayavarman VII, the first Buddhist king of Cambodia. Together with statues apparently sculpted as a physical likeness of the king, this artistic output probed the conceptual contours of the face and the scope of portraiture. Since the twelfth century the face, primarily in a four-faced configuration, has continued as a uniquely Cambodian trope, cited and revived in changing politico-cultural contexts. The monumental visages of Angkor have been the subject of a wealth of scholarship over the last century and a half, yet there has been a lack of consideration of the Cambodian faces as faces from a phenomenological perspective. Neither has there been a thorough interrogation of the precise mechanisms by which the faces ‘reappeared’ in twentieth-century Cambodia. Therefore, this thesis addresses questions of the face and portraiture within a multi-layered Buddhist-Brahmānic complex, in order to counter hegemonies which persist in art historical scholarship on the Bayon. This examination of the face is primarily formulated on three levels of interrogation: the face as portrait, the face as the locus of personhood or subjectivity, and historiographies associated with the face. Due to the subsequent, and indeed on-going, appropriation of the Bayon faces, the final chapters give critical emphasis to the face of the king in the contemporary visual landscape of Cambodia

An Investigation into the Performance of Ethnicity Verification Between Humans and Machine Learning Algorithms

There has been a significant increase in the interest for the task of classifying demographic profiles i.e. race and ethnicity. Ethnicity is a significant human characteristic and applying facial image data for the discrimination of ethnicity is integral to face-related biometric systems. Given the diversity in the application of ethnicity-specific information such as face recognition and iris recognition, and the availability of image datasets for more commonly available human populations, i.e. Caucasian, African-American, Asians, and South-Asian Indians. A gap has been identified for the development of a system which analyses the full-face and its individual feature-components (eyes, nose and mouth), for the Pakistani ethnic group. An efficient system is proposed for the verification of the Pakistani ethnicity, which incorporates a two-tier (computer vs human) approach. Firstly, hand-crafted features were used to ascertain the descriptive nature of a frontal-image and facial profile, for the Pakistani ethnicity. A total of 26 facial landmarks were selected (16 frontal and 10 for the profile) and by incorporating 2 models for redundant information removal, and a linear classifier for the binary task. The experimental results concluded that the facial profile image of a Pakistani face is distinct amongst other ethnicities. However, the methodology consisted of limitations for example, low performance accuracy, the laborious nature of manual data i.e. facial landmark, annotation, and the small facial image dataset. To make the system more accurate and robust, Deep Learning models are employed for ethnicity classification. Various state-of-the-art Deep models are trained on a range of facial image conditions, i.e. full face and partial-face images, plus standalone feature components such as the nose and mouth. Since ethnicity is pertinent to the research, a novel facial image database entitled Pakistani Face Database (PFDB), was created using a criterion-specific selection process, to ensure assurance in each of the assigned class-memberships, i.e. Pakistani and Non-Pakistani. Comparative analysis between 6 Deep Learning models was carried out on augmented image datasets, and the analysis demonstrates that Deep Learning yields better performance accuracy compared to low-level features. The human phase of the ethnicity classification framework tested the discrimination ability of novice Pakistani and Non-Pakistani participants, using a computerised ethnicity task. The results suggest that humans are better at discriminating between Pakistani and Non-Pakistani full face images, relative to individual face-feature components (eyes, nose, mouth), struggling the most with the nose, when making judgements of ethnicity. To understand the effects of display conditions on ethnicity discrimination accuracy, two conditions were tested; (i) Two-Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) and (ii) Single image procedure. The results concluded that participants perform significantly better in trials where the target (Pakistani) image is shown alongside a distractor (Non-Pakistani) image. To conclude the proposed framework, directions for future study are suggested to advance the current understanding of image based ethnicity verification.Acumé Forensi

Interfaith Relations after One Hundred Years: Christian Mission among Other Faiths

These papers looks historically at factors in Europe that affected Christian interaction with Muslims, Hindus and other religions.https://scholar.csl.edu/edinburghcentenary/1009/thumbnail.jp

The Theme of abduction in the Himalayan Folk Tales: From Narrative Topos to Primary Symbol in the Semiotics of the ādivāsī Language

This article analyzes the theme of "kidnapping‟ in myth, folklore and traditional storytelling among some ādivāsī communities in the Himalayas. Although it may refer to a remembrance of remote historical events, the theme of abduction in the narrative acts as a religious element closely connected symbolically with that of shamanic initiation. Furthermore, the legends about mysterious kidnappings in the tribes unfold a complex semiotic relationship with the creatures of fantastic imagination, while in an epistemological key they stand as a rebalancing element of the relationships between man and surrounding nature. The study proposes a comparative investigation between ādivāsī and janjāti groups of the central (Nepal) and eastern Himalayan (Arunachal Pradesh) ridge, supported by ethnographic field data

Language and Culture in Northeast India and Beyond: In Honor of Robbins Burling

This volume celebrates the life and work of Robbins Burling, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics at the University of Michigan, giant in the fields of anthropological linguistics, language evolution, and language pedagogy, and pioneer in the ethnography and linguistics of Tibeto-Burmanspeaking groups in the Northeast Indian region. We offer it to Professor Burling – Rob – on the occasion of his 90th birthday, on the occasion of the 60th year of his extraordinary scholarly productivity, and on the occasion of yet another – yet another! – field trip to Northeast India, where his career in anthropology and linguistics effectively began so many decades ago, and where he has amassed so many devoted friends and colleagues – including ourselves. (First paragraph of Editor's Introduction)

Postracial Mestizaje: Richard Rodriguez’s Racial Imagination in an America Where Everyone is Beginning to Melt

An opponent of bilingual education and affirmative action as well as one of the most recognized Latino public intellectuals, Richard Rodriguez has long had a strained relationship to the field of Chicana/o Studies. Analyses of his work have ranged from those that question Rodriguez’s racial performance to examinations of his identity construction and the power of historical amnesia. With his most recent book Brown (2002), a meditation on (racial, cultural, and intellectual) impurity, scholars have explored and questioned Rodriguez’s theorization of an American mestizaje in conversation with previous Mexican and Chicana/o iterations. While recognizing those influences, this essay recontextualizes Rodriguez’s work within the contemporary political-racial discourse of colorblindness, which he uses to speak to the interests of his largely conservative, white, and male followers. This essay yokes together two seemingly incompatible terms—postracial and mestizaje—as a point of entry into Rodriguez’s political and cultural vision. While used with a mixture of caution, purpose, and cynicism, I find “postracial” a useful modifier for Rodriguez’s vision of mestizaje, for he imagines mestizaje beyond racial categories to include sexuality and religion. Moreover, Rodriguez embraces the post-civil rights discourse of colorblindness wherein racial inequality is maintained through abstract liberalism, historical amnesia, and other strategies. Finally, in an era marked by Birtherism, anti-immigrant and anti-Latino legislation, and astounding levels of incarceration within communities of color, Rodriguez’s attempts to reimagine mestizaje postracially mark the shortcomings of his political project. Ultimately, I contend that Rodriguez’s postracial mestizaje simultaneously offers and curtails racial transformation, or rather it crafts a model to maintain inequality in the guise of liberation. By locating this strand in Rodriguez’s thinking, this essay maps the borders, limits, and terrain of Brown’s post-racial imaginings

HM 28: To the Java Sea: Selections from the Diary, Reports, and Letters of Henry E. Eccles, 1940-1942

The three-year span between 1940 and 1942 was critical in Henry Eccles’s life and career. These years mark not only the beginnings of the direct involvement of the United States in World War II but also Eccles’s first surface warship command, the command that earned him high professional recognition—the Navy Cross and the Silver Star. The diary, reports, and letters assembled here allow the modern reader an unusual opportunity to enter a very different world and a very different time in naval history. The contents document Lt. Cdr. Henry E. Eccles’s trip by passenger ships from New York to Manila, doing some intelligence work for the Office of Naval Intelligence along the way, and his assumption of command of John D. Edwards in the Asiatic Fleet, under Adm. Thomas C. Hart. The volume ends with Eccles’s participation, now a commander, in the short-lived Allied force in Southeast Asia—the American-British-Dutch-Australian, or ABDA, Command—and his subsequent experiences in the battles of Badoeng Strait and the Java Sea in February 1942, engagements in which Henry Eccles earned his combat decorations.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/1027/thumbnail.jp

Mrs. Underwood : Linguist, Litterateuse

The purpose of this study is to present a literary biography of Mrs. Underwood: to make an acquaintance with her as a woman and author, and to survey the scope of her writing with some critical analysis