30,069 research outputs found
Natural language processing
Beginning with the basic issues of NLP, this chapter aims to chart the major research activities in this area since the last ARIST Chapter in 1996 (Haas, 1996), including: (i) natural language text processing systems - text summarization, information extraction, information retrieval, etc., including domain-specific applications; (ii) natural language interfaces; (iii) NLP in the context of www and digital libraries ; and (iv) evaluation of NLP systems
Lexical Similarities and Differences in the Mathematics, Science and English Language Textbooks
The teaching of Science and Math in English in Malaysia is an area of great concern to educators and students alike. This study looks, in particular, at the common word classes among keywords identified in the Science, Math and English language Form One textbooks used in Malaysia and the differences in language use identified in the Science and Math textbooks
Neurocognitive Informatics Manifesto.
Informatics studies all aspects of the structure of natural and artificial information systems. Theoretical and abstract approaches to information have made great advances, but human information processing is still unmatched in many areas, including information management, representation and understanding. Neurocognitive informatics is a new, emerging field that should help to improve the matching of artificial and natural systems, and inspire better computational algorithms to solve problems that are still beyond the reach of machines. In this position paper examples of neurocognitive inspirations and promising directions in this area are given
Students' difficulties with vector calculus in electrodynamics
Understanding Maxwell's equations in differential form is of great importance
when studying the electrodynamic phenomena discussed in advanced
electromagnetism courses. It is therefore necessary that students master the
use of vector calculus in physical situations. In this light we investigated
the difficulties second year students at KU Leuven encounter with the
divergence and curl of a vector field in mathematical and physical contexts. We
have found that they are quite skilled at doing calculations, but struggle with
interpreting graphical representations of vector fields and applying vector
calculus to physical situations. We have found strong indications that
traditional instruction is not sufficient for our students to fully understand
the meaning and power of Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Conceptual and socio-cognitive support for collaborative learning in videoconferencing environments
Studies have shown that videoconferences are an effective medium for facilitating communication between parties who are separated by distance. Furthermore, studies reveal that videoconferences are effective when used for distance learning, particularly when learners are engaged in complex collaborative learning tasks. However, as in face-to-face communication, learners benefit most when they receive additional support for such learning tasks. This article provides an overview of three empirical studies to illustrate more general insights regarding some of the more and less effective ways of supporting collaborative learning with videoconferencing. The focus is on conceptual support, such as structural visualization and socio-cognitive support, such as scripts. Based on the results of the three studies, conclusions can be drawn about the conceptual and socio-cognitive support measures that promote learning. Conclusions can also be reached about the need for employing both conceptual and socio-cognitive support to provide learners with the most benefit
Assessing the quality of a student-generated question repository
We present results from a study that categorizes and assesses the quality of
questions and explanations authored by students, in question repositories
produced as part of the summative assessment in introductory physics courses
over the past two years. Mapping question quality onto the levels in the
cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy, we find that students produce questions
of high quality. More than three-quarters of questions fall into categories
beyond simple recall, in contrast to similar studies of student-authored
content in different subject domains. Similarly, the quality of
student-authored explanations for questions was also high, with approximately
60% of all explanations classified as being of high or outstanding quality.
Overall, 75% of questions met combined quality criteria, which we hypothesize
is due in part to the in-class scaffolding activities that we provided for
students ahead of requiring them to author questions.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Context and Keyword Extraction in Plain Text Using a Graph Representation
Document indexation is an essential task achieved by archivists or automatic
indexing tools. To retrieve relevant documents to a query, keywords describing
this document have to be carefully chosen. Archivists have to find out the
right topic of a document before starting to extract the keywords. For an
archivist indexing specialized documents, experience plays an important role.
But indexing documents on different topics is much harder. This article
proposes an innovative method for an indexing support system. This system takes
as input an ontology and a plain text document and provides as output
contextualized keywords of the document. The method has been evaluated by
exploiting Wikipedia's category links as a termino-ontological resources
From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics
Computers understand very little of the meaning of human language. This
profoundly limits our ability to give instructions to computers, the ability of
computers to explain their actions to us, and the ability of computers to
analyse and process text. Vector space models (VSMs) of semantics are beginning
to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic
processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the
structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of
VSMs, based on term-document, word-context, and pair-pattern matrices, yielding
three classes of applications. We survey a broad range of applications in these
three categories and we take a detailed look at a specific open source project
in each category. Our goal in this survey is to show the breadth of
applications of VSMs for semantics, to provide a new perspective on VSMs for
those who are already familiar with the area, and to provide pointers into the
literature for those who are less familiar with the field
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