Coverage and Deployment Analysis of Narrowband Internet of Things in the Wild

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is gaining momentum as a promising technology for massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). Given that its deployment is rapidly progressing worldwide, measurement campaigns and performance analyses are needed to better understand the system and move toward its enhancement. With this aim, this paper presents a large scale measurement campaign and empirical analysis of NB-IoT on operational networks, and discloses valuable insights in terms of deployment strategies and radio coverage performance. The reported results also serve as examples showing the potential usage of the collected dataset, which we make open-source along with a lightweight data visualization platform.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Magazine (Internet of Things and Sensor Networks Series

Internet of robotic things : converging sensing/actuating, hypoconnectivity, artificial intelligence and IoT Platforms

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is evolving rapidly and influencing newdevelopments in various application domains, such as the Internet of MobileThings (IoMT), Autonomous Internet of Things (A-IoT), Autonomous Systemof Things (ASoT), Internet of Autonomous Things (IoAT), Internetof Things Clouds (IoT-C) and the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) etc.that are progressing/advancing by using IoT technology. The IoT influencerepresents new development and deployment challenges in different areassuch as seamless platform integration, context based cognitive network integration,new mobile sensor/actuator network paradigms, things identification(addressing, naming in IoT) and dynamic things discoverability and manyothers. The IoRT represents new convergence challenges and their need to be addressed, in one side the programmability and the communication ofmultiple heterogeneous mobile/autonomous/robotic things for cooperating,their coordination, configuration, exchange of information, security, safetyand protection. Developments in IoT heterogeneous parallel processing/communication and dynamic systems based on parallelism and concurrencyrequire new ideas for integrating the intelligent “devices”, collaborativerobots (COBOTS), into IoT applications. Dynamic maintainability, selfhealing,self-repair of resources, changing resource state, (re-) configurationand context based IoT systems for service implementation and integrationwith IoT network service composition are of paramount importance whennew “cognitive devices” are becoming active participants in IoT applications.This chapter aims to be an overview of the IoRT concept, technologies,architectures and applications and to provide a comprehensive coverage offuture challenges, developments and applications

SNR Gain Evaluation in Narrowband IoT Uplink Data Transmission with Repetition Increment: A Simulation Approach

Deploying Internet of Things (IoT) on a large scale necessitates widespread network infrastructures supporting Machine Type Communication. Integrating IoT into cellular networks like LTE, known as Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT), can fulfill this infrastructure need. Standard 3GPP Release 13 introduces NB-IoT's Repetition features, expanding radio transmission coverage while maintaining LTE performance. Focusing on uplink data traffic, this study examines NB-IoT's repetition mechanism, grid resource distribution, and NPUSCH performance through simulations. Results show that at SNR greater than -5 dB, maximum repetitions of 128 yield the highest BLER, while minimum repetitions of 2 result in the lowest. Quadrupling repetitions increases SNR by 5 dB, emphasizing repetition's role in error mitigation and uplink reliability, especially in challenging SNR conditions. For optimal throughput in SNR above -5 dB, maximum repetitions of 128 for NPUSCH format 1 are recommended. These findings underscore the importance of repetition in enhancing Narrowband IoT performance, offering insights for system optimization, where increasing the number of repetitions generally leads to higher SNR gain. The attained BLER and throughput values from Narrowband IoT simulations highlight the robustness of data transmission across varying channel conditions, affirming NB-IoT applicability to a wide range of IoT applications

A Smart System for Future Generation based on the Internet of Things Employing Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence : Comprehensive Survey

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a networked system including interconnected things, devices, and networks that utilize the internet for communication and data exchange. The entity engages in interactions with both its internal and external surroundings. The IoT is capable of seeing the surrounding environment and responding in a way that is appropriate and adaptive. The utilization of advanced technology in this context enhances the environment and thus enhances the overall well-being of humanity. The IoT facilitates inter-device communication, whether through physical or virtual means. The IoT facilitates the enhancement of environmental intelligence, enabling seamless connectivity across many devices at any given moment. The concepts centred on the IoT, such as augmented reality, high-resolution video streaming, autonomous vehicles, intelligent environments, and electronic healthcare, have become pervasive in contemporary society. These applications have requirements for faster data rates, larger bandwidths, enhanced capacities, decreased latencies, and increased throughputs. IoT and Machine learning (ML) are among the fields of research that have shown significant potential for advancement. ML and IoT are used to build intelligent systems. Those networks will modify the ways in which worldwide entities exchange information. This article gives a comprehensive survey of the upcoming 5G-IoT situation, as well as a study of IoT smart system applications and usages. In addition to covering the latest developments in ML and deep learning (DL) and their impact on 5G-IoT, this article describes a comprehensive study of these important enabling technologies and the developing use cases of 5G-IoT

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of maritime mobile terminals, as well as a growing demand for high-speed and ultra-reliable maritime communications to keep them connected. Traditionally, the maritime Internet of Things (IoT) is enabled by maritime satellites. However, satellites are seriously restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. As an alternative, shore & island-based base stations (BSs) can be built to extend the coverage of terrestrial networks using fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G services. Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be exploited to serve as aerial maritime BSs. Despite of all these approaches, there are still open issues for an efficient maritime communication network (MCN). For example, due to the complicated electromagnetic propagation environment, the limited geometrically available BS sites, and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications, conventional communication and networking theories and methods should be tailored for maritime scenarios. Towards this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications, the state-of-the-art MCNs, and key technologies for enhancing transmission efficiency, extending network coverage, and provisioning maritime-specific services. Future challenges in developing an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN to be smart enough to utilize external auxiliary information, e.g., sea state and atmosphere conditions, are also discussed