Chatbot development to assist patients in health care services

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia InformáticaDados de alta qualidade sobre tratamentos médicos e de informação técnica tornaram-se acessíveis, criando novas oportunidades de E-Saúde para a recuperação de um paciente. A implementação da aprendizagem automática nestas soluções provou ser essencial e eficaz na elaboração de aplicações para o utilizador para aliviar a sobrecarga do sector de saúde. Atualmente, muitas interações com os utentes são realizadas via telefonemas e mensagens de texto. Os agentes de conversação podem responder a estas questões, fomentando uma rápida interação com os pacientes. O objetivo fundamental desta dissertação é prestar apoio aos pacientes, fornecendo uma fonte de informação fidedigna que lhes permita instruir-se e esclarecer dúvidas sobre os procedimentos e repercussões dos seus problemas de saúde. Este propósito foi concretizado não apenas através de uma plataforma Web intuitiva e acessível, composta por perguntas frequentes, mas também integrando um agente de conversação inteligente para responder a questões. Para este fim, cientificamente, foi necessário conduzir a investigação, implementação e viabilidade dos agentes de conversação no domínio fechado para os cuidados de saúde. Constitui um importante contributo para a comunidade de desenvolvimento de chatbots, na qual se reúnem as últimas inovações e descobertas, bem os desafios actuais da aprendizagem automática, contribuindo para a consciencialização desta área.High-quality data on medical treatments and facility-level information has become accessible, creating new eHealth opportunities for the recuperation of a patient. Machine learning implementation in these solutions has been proven to be essential and effective in building user-centred applications to relieves the burden on the healthcare sector. Nowadays, many patient interactions are handled through healthcare services via phone calls and text message exchange. Conversation agents can provide answers to these queries, promoting fast patient interaction. The underlying aim of this dissertation is to assist patients by providing a reliable source of information to educate themselves and clarify any doubts about procedures and implications of their health issue. This purpose was achieved not only through an intuitive and accessible web platform, with frequently asked questions, but also by integrating an intelligent chatting agent to answer questions. To this end, scientifically, it was necessary to conduct the research, implementation and feasibility of closed-domain conversation agents for healthcare. It is a valuable input for the chatbot development community, which assembles the latest innovations and findings, as well as the current challenges of machine learning, contributing to the awareness of this field

An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning: Using xTalk to Model the Alien Tort Claims Act and Torture Victim Protection Act

This paper presents an introduction to artificial intelligence for legal scholars and includes a computer program that determines the existence of jurisdiction, defences, and applicability of the Alien Tort Claims Act and Torture Victims Protection Act. The paper includes a discussion of the limits and implications of computer programming in formal representations of the law. Concluding that formalization of the law reveals implicit weaknesses in reductionist legal theories, this paper emphasizes the limitations in practice of such theories

Building a Chatbot : Challenges under Copyright and Data Protection Law

Peer reviewe

A Conversational Movie Recommender System

Master's thesis in Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe purpose of a Conversational Recommender System is to help the users achieve their recommendation specific goals using a multi-turn dialogue. In recent years, numerous studies are conducted on improving the quality attributes of a conversational recommender system. Multiple conversational movie recommender systems are proposed. However, there is a need for a conversational system for a movie recommendation, which can be used for research purposes. The main goal of this thesis is to create Jarvis, an open-source, rule-based conversational movie recommendation system focusing on understanding the users' goals and adapting to their changing requirements. In order to understand the users' goals, a database is created, which contains the attributes with higher coverage of possible users' goals. A multi-model chat interface is designed for Jarvis. This interface introduces the components for better user interaction and providing users a guide during the conversation. The success of a conversational system is measured in terms of the quality of the conversation and the satisfaction of the users. To guarantee the success of Jarvis, the conversation of the system with different users is recorded. Moreover, the users are requested to rate their conversation and give feedback about the system. The behavior of the system during the conversation and user feedback is studied to improve Jarvis. The results have shown that conversational data and users' feedback plays an essential role in improving the performance of Jarvis. The users' satisfaction has improved, and the system adapts better to the previously unknown scenarios in the conversation. However, to make the system more adjustable and user-friendly, more users are required to test the system.submittedVersio

Digitaaliset mielenterveyspalvelut - mitä uutta?

Teema : digipalvelu

The Computational Attitude in Music Theory

Music studies’s turn to computation during the twentieth century has engendered particular habits of thought about music, habits that remain in operation long after the music scholar has stepped away from the computer. The computational attitude is a way of thinking about music that is learned at the computer but can be applied away from it. It may be manifest in actual computer use, or in invocations of computationalism, a theory of mind whose influence on twentieth-century music theory is palpable. It may also be manifest in more informal discussions about music, which make liberal use of computational metaphors. In Chapter 1, I describe this attitude, the stakes for considering the computer as one of its instruments, and the kinds of historical sources and methodologies we might draw on to chart its ascendance. The remainder of this dissertation considers distinct and varied cases from the mid-twentieth century in which computers or computationalist musical ideas were used to pursue new musical objects, to quantify and classify musical scores as data, and to instantiate a generally music-structuralist mode of analysis. I present an account of the decades-long effort to prepare an exhaustive and accurate catalog of the all-interval twelve-tone series (Chapter 2). This problem was first posed in the 1920s but was not solved until 1959, when the composer Hanns Jelinek collaborated with the computer engineer Heinz Zemanek to jointly develop and run a computer program. Recognizing the transformation wrought on modern statistics and communications technology by information theory, I revisit Abraham Moles’s book Information Theory and Esthetic Perception (orig. 1958) and use its vocabulary to contextualize contemporary information-theoretic work on music that various evokes the computational mind by John. R. Pierce and Mary Shannon, Wilhelm Fucks, and Henry Quastler (Chapter 3). I conclude with a detailed look into a score-segmentation algorithm of the influential American music theorist Allen Forte (Chapter 4). Forte was a skilled programmer who spent several years at MIT in the 1960s, with cutting-edge computers and the company of first-rank figures in the nascent fields of computer science and artificial intelligence. Each one of the researchers whose work is treated in these case studies—at some stage in their relationship with music—adopted what I call the computational attitude to music, to varying degrees and for diverse ends. Of the many questions this dissertation seeks to answer: what was gained by adopting such an attitude? What was lost? Having understood these past explorations of the computational attitude to music, we are better suited ask of ourselves the same questions today

Aesthetic Programming

Aesthetic Programming explores the technical as well as cultural imaginaries of programming from its insides. It follows the principle that the growing importance of software requires a new kind of cultural thinking — and curriculum — that can account for, and with which to better understand the politics and aesthetics of algorithmic procedures, data processing and abstraction. It takes a particular interest in power relations that are relatively under-acknowledged in technical subjects, concerning class and capitalism, gender and sexuality, as well as race and the legacies of colonialism. This is not only related to the politics of representation but also nonrepresentation: how power differentials are implicit in code in terms of binary logic, hierarchies, naming of the attributes, and how particular worldviews are reinforced and perpetuated through computation. Using p5.js, it introduces and demonstrates the reflexive practice of aesthetic programming, engaging with learning to program as a way to understand and question existing technological objects and paradigms, and to explore the potential for reprogramming wider eco-socio-technical systems. The book itself follows this approach, and is offered as a computational object open to modification and reversioning

Special Libraries, September 1966

Volume 57, Issue 7https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1966/1006/thumbnail.jp

Bridging the gap in internet treatments for mental health: A fully automated online cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety for those who stutter.

Introduction: CBTpsych.com is a fully functional intervention that aims at bridging the gap between Eliza (Weizenbaum, 1966) and modern internet treatments for anxiety disorders (Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman & O‟Brien, 2009a). A Phase I trial demonstrated that two participants no longer met the diagnosis of social phobia on the DSM-IV and ICD-10 after being treated by CBTpsych.com. The quality of the interaction appeared to be similar to face-to-face therapy. The automated techniques were successful in engaging the participants and in encouraging them to log on regularly and complete the treatment (Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman & O‟Brien, 2009b). The current study is a phase II trial targeting social anxiety in stuttering. Method: File audit data were gathered from 10 years of experience in the psychological management of social anxiety and stuttering (St Clare et al., 2008). This data was used to create a fully automated human-like intervention using algorithms alone. CBTpsych.com creates cognitive restructuring exercises, behavioural experiments, and negative thoughts checklists for the automated treatment program. Furthermore, other features such as imagery rescripting were incorporated to adhere to the Clark D. M. and Wells (1995) model of social anxiety treatment. 18 participants presenting for treatment of stuttering with social anxiety at the Australian Stuttering Research Centre (ASRC) were offered 5 months access to the “computer psychologist”. 16 participants started using the computer program. The treatment did not involve any contact with clinical psychologists at the ASRC. Results: Post-treatment analysis revealed that of the 16 participants who started using the program, 78% no longer met the criteria for social phobia. Furthermore, none of the 10 participants who completed all 7 sections of the computer program within 5 months had social phobia diagnosis at post-treatment. Consequently, in this study the “computer psychologist” was able to identify the specific problem areas participants reported and to design individualized formulations and tailored treatment components with corrective feedback. Furthermore, participants were able to engage in highly specific cognitive restructuring exercises, and with the help of the computer psychologist managed to build behavioural experiments to test out unhelpful cognitions. Data from this Phase II trial suggest that the computerised treatment protocol can lead to substantial reductions in anxiety and avoidance, and improve mood and quality of life as measured by the FNE, SPAI, BDI-II, UTBAS, SASS and OASES. Conclusions: The computer psychologist motivated people both to log on regularly (with use of an automated email process) and to complete the program. It engaged clients in detailed cognitive restructuring work, creating successful behavioural experiments for exposure, and producing promising preliminary results. However, these results need to be tested in a randomized controlled trial to establish efficacy. A RCT is currently under way. The preliminary findings presented here suggest that it would be viable to develop this type of treatment intervention for other anxiety disorders. Limitations of this approach and suggestions for future research are discussed