Downlink resource auction in a tree topology structured wireless mesh network

We analyze the problem of downlink resource allocation in a non-cooperative multi-level tree topology structured wireless mesh network in which a selfish mesh router (MR) may refuse to relay other MRs' traffic so as to improve its own performance at the cost of overall system performance. Based on game theory, we propose an auction framework, where the parent MR serves as the auctioneer while its children MRs act as bidders and compete for time-slots. We derive a payment function from radio resource used for relaying traffic instead of money, so as to simplify the implementation and avoid the possible security problems from monetary payment. We prove the existence and uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium and propose a stochastic best response updating algorithm to allow the bids to iteratively converge to NE in a practical distributed fashion. Simulation results show the proposed auction algorithm greatly outperforms traditional algorithms in non-cooperative environments. © 2010 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

A Survey on Scheduling in IEEE 802.16 Mesh Mode

Cataloged from PDF version of article.IEEE 802.16 standard (also known as WiMAX) defines the wireless broadband network technology which aims to solve the so called last mile problem via providing high bandwidth Internet even to the rural areas for which the cable deployment is very costly. The standard mainly focuses on the MAC and PHY layer issues, supporting two transmission modes: PMP (Point-to-Multipoint) and mesh modes. Mesh mode is an optional mode developed as an extension to PMP mode and it has the advantage of having an improving performance as more subscribers are added to the system using multi-hop routes. In 802.16 MAC protocol, mesh mode slot allocation and reservation mechanisms are left open which makes this topic a hot research area. Hence, the focus of this survey will mostly be on the mesh mode, and the proposed scheduling algorithms and performance evaluation methods

Vývoj standardů mobilních sítí

Import 21/10/2013This bachelor thesis deals primarily with a development of LTE technologies and its possibilities of deployment in the Czech Republic and abroad. The thesis is initially focused on the development of mobile network standards since the advent of 3rd generation networks in Release 99 up to the newest Release 12 where the main telecommunication technologies are continuously described along with their advantages. As the LTE represents next evolution step in a field of mobile data transmission, the comparison of LTE and HSPA+ physical layers is also included. Among other it describes information blocks from transport channel over the transmission path and regaining of user data. The development of LTE networks in the world deals with an actual progress of the deployment of this technology. In detail, there are described countries where the LTE is in a commercial service among with a comparison of used frequency bands. Addressing with issue of development and deployment of LTE in the Czech Republic is a content of the last part. With regard to the current network state of each provider, it is also focused on legislation, backbone networks and frequency planning which is closely related to the forthcoming auction of the Digital Dividend.Tato bakalářská práce pojednává především o vývoji LTE technologíí a jejich možnostech nasazení v České Republice a ve světě. Práce se nejprve zaměřuje na vývoj mobilních standardů od nástupu sítí třetí generace, Release 99, až po doposud nejnovější Release 12, kde jsou postupně probrány vrcholové telekomunikační technologie a jejich přednosti. V práci jsou dále popsány rozdíly fyzických vrstev mezi technologiemi HSPA+ a LTE, jelikož se jedná o další evoluční krok v oblasti datových přenosů. Popis obsahuje blokové srovnání od samotné inicializace transportního kanálu, po přenosovou cestu a opětovného získání užitečné informace. Vývoj LTE sítí ve světě pojednává o aktuálním stavu vývoje a rozšíření této technologie. Podrobně jsou zde popsány země, kde se LTE používá spolu se srovnáním použitých frekvenčních pásem. Poslední část řeší otázku vývoje a nasazení LTE v České Republice. S ohledem na aktuální stav sítí jednotlivých operátoru je sekce zaměřena také na legislativu, páteřní sítě a frekvenční plánování, s čímž souvisí také očekáváná aukce z digitální dividendy.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvelmi dobř

Incentive Mechanisms in Peer-to-Peer Networks — A Systematic Literature Review

Centralized networks inevitably exhibit single points of failure that malicious actors regularly target. Decentralized networks are more resilient if numerous participants contribute to the network’s functionality. Most decentralized networks employ incentive mechanisms to coordinate the participation and cooperation of peers and thereby ensure the functionality and security of the network. This article systematically reviews incentive mechanisms for decentralized networks and networked systems by covering 165 prior literature reviews and 178 primary research papers published between 1993 and October 2022. Of the considered sources, we analyze 11 literature reviews and 105 primary research papers in detail by categorizing and comparing the distinctive properties of the presented incentive mechanisms. The reviewed incentive mechanisms establish fairness and reward participation and cooperative behavior. We review work that substitutes central authority through independent and subjective mechanisms run in isolation at each participating peer and work that applies multiparty computation. We use monetary, reputation, and service rewards as categories to differentiate the implementations and evaluate each incentive mechanism’s data management, attack resistance, and contribution model. Further, we highlight research gaps and deficiencies in reproducibility and comparability. Finally, we summarize our assessments and provide recommendations to apply incentive mechanisms to decentralized networks that share computational resources

Formulation, implementation considerations, and first performance evaluation of algorithmic solutions - D4.1

Deliverable D4.1 del projecte Europeu OneFIT (ICT-2009-257385)This deliverable contains a first version of the algorithmic solutions for enabling opportunistic networks. The presented algorithms cover the full range of identified management tasks: suitability, creation, QoS control, reconfiguration and forced terminations. Preliminary evaluations complement the proposed algorithms. Implementation considerations towards the practicality of the considered algorithms are also included.Preprin

one6G white paper, 6G technology overview:Second Edition, November 2022

6G is supposed to address the demands for consumption of mobile networking services in 2030 and beyond. These are characterized by a variety of diverse, often conflicting requirements, from technical ones such as extremely high data rates, unprecedented scale of communicating devices, high coverage, low communicating latency, flexibility of extension, etc., to non-technical ones such as enabling sustainable growth of the society as a whole, e.g., through energy efficiency of deployed networks. On the one hand, 6G is expected to fulfil all these individual requirements, extending thus the limits set by the previous generations of mobile networks (e.g., ten times lower latencies, or hundred times higher data rates than in 5G). On the other hand, 6G should also enable use cases characterized by combinations of these requirements never seen before, e.g., both extremely high data rates and extremely low communication latency). In this white paper, we give an overview of the key enabling technologies that constitute the pillars for the evolution towards 6G. They include: terahertz frequencies (Section 1), 6G radio access (Section 2), next generation MIMO (Section 3), integrated sensing and communication (Section 4), distributed and federated artificial intelligence (Section 5), intelligent user plane (Section 6) and flexible programmable infrastructures (Section 7). For each enabling technology, we first give the background on how and why the technology is relevant to 6G, backed up by a number of relevant use cases. After that, we describe the technology in detail, outline the key problems and difficulties, and give a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in that technology. 6G is, however, not limited to these seven technologies. They merely present our current understanding of the technological environment in which 6G is being born. Future versions of this white paper may include other relevant technologies too, as well as discuss how these technologies can be glued together in a coherent system

The Internet of Things: A Review of Enabled Technologies and Future Challenges

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging classical model, envisioned as a system of billions of small interconnected devices for posing the state-of-the-art findings to real-world glitches. Over the last decade, there has been an increasing research concentration in the IoT as an essential design of the constant convergence between human behaviors and their images on Information Technology. With the development of technologies, the IoT drives the deployment of across-the-board and self-organizing wireless networks. The IoT model is progressing toward the notion of a cyber-physical world, where things can be originated, driven, intermixed, and modernized to facilitate the emergence of any feasible association. This paper provides a summary of the existing IoT research that underlines enabling technologies, such as fog computing, wireless sensor networks, data mining, context awareness, real-time analytics, virtual reality, and cellular communications. Also, we present the lessons learned after acquiring a thorough representation of the subject. Thus, by identifying numerous open research challenges, it is presumed to drag more consideration into this novel paradigm. 2013 IEEE.This work was supported by Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. 2018-0-01411, A Micro-Service IoTWare Framework Technology Development for Ultra small IoT Device).Scopus2-s2.0-8505888625

Optimized traffic scheduling and routing in smart home networks

Home networks are evolving rapidly to include heterogeneous physical access and a large number of smart devices that generate different types of traffic with different distributions and different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Due to their particular architectures, which are very dense and very dynamic, the traditional one-pair-node shortest path solution is no longer efficient to handle inter-smart home networks (inter-SHNs) routing constraints such as delay, packet loss, and bandwidth in all-pair node heterogenous links. In addition, Current QoS-aware scheduling methods consider only the conventional priority metrics based on the IP Type of Service (ToS) field to make decisions for bandwidth allocation. Such priority based scheduling methods are not optimal to provide both QoS and Quality of Experience (QoE), especially for smart home applications, since higher priority traffic does not necessarily require higher stringent delay than lower-priority traffic. Moreover, current QoS-aware scheduling methods in the intra-smart home network (intra-SHN) do not consider concurrent traffic caused by the fluctuation of intra-SH network traffic distributions. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to build an efficient heterogenous multi-constrained routing mechanism and an optimized traffic scheduling tool in order to maintain a cost-effective communication between all wired-wireless connected devices in inter-SHNs and to effectively process concurrent and non-concurrent traffic in intra-SHN. This will help Internet service providers (ISPs) and home user to enhance the overall QoS and QoE of their applications while maintaining a relevant communication in both inter-SHNs and intra-SHN. In order to meet this goal, three key issues are required to be addressed in our framework and are summarized as follows: i) how to build a cost-effective routing mechanism in heterogonous inter-SHNs ? ii) how to efficiently schedule the multi-sourced intra-SHN traffic based on both QoS and QoE ? and iii) how to design an optimized queuing model for intra-SHN concurrent traffics while considering their QoS requirements? As part of our contributions to solve the first problem highlighted above, we present an analytical framework for dynamically optimizing data flows in inter-SHNs using Software-defined networking (SDN). We formulate a QoS-based routing optimization problem as a constrained shortest path problem and then propose an optimized solution (QASDN) to determine minimal cost between all pairs of nodes in the network taking into account the different types of physical accesses and the network utilization patterns. To address the second issue and to solve the gaps between QoS and QoE, we propose a new queuing model for QoS-level Pair traffic with mixed arrival distributions in Smart Home network (QP-SH) to make a dynamic QoS-aware scheduling decision meeting delay requirements of all traffic while preserving their degrees of criticality. A new metric combining the ToS field and the maximum number of packets that can be processed by the system's service during the maximum required delay, is defined. Finally, as part of our contribution to address the third issue, we present an analytic model for a QoS-aware scheduling optimization of concurrent intra-SHN traffics with mixed arrival distributions and using probabilistic queuing disciplines. We formulate a hybrid QoS-aware scheduling problem for concurrent traffics in intra-SHN, propose an innovative queuing model (QC-SH) based on the auction economic model of game theory to provide a fair multiple access over different communication channels/ports, and design an applicable model to implement auction game on both sides; traffic sources and the home gateway, without changing the structure of the IEEE 802.11 standard. The results of our work offer SHNs more effective data transfer between all heterogenous connected devices with optimal resource utilization, a dynamic QoS/QoE-aware traffic processing in SHN as well as an innovative model for optimizing concurrent SHN traffic scheduling with enhanced fairness strategy. Numerical results show an improvement up to 90% for network resource utilization, 77% for bandwidth, 40% for scheduling with QoS and QoE and 57% for concurrent traffic scheduling delay using our proposed solutions compared with Traditional methods