94 research outputs found
EXPERT SYSTEM BASED APPROACH FOR MATERIAL SELECTION OF AUTOMOBILE BODY-IN-WHITE STRUCTURAL PANELS USING NUMERICAL RANKING AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICES
The goal of this work is to establish a set of quantifiable measures for design for sustainability (DFS) that can be applied to automotive applications in terms of environmental, social, economic and technical aspects. In this study, a comprehensive analysis was made in order to develop a methodology that can evaluate different body-in-white designs in terms of major sustainability aspects. Besides the complete life cycle analysis, environmental impacts and cost factors will be analyzed over vehicle\u27s entire life-cycle (fuel extraction and refining, Pre-manufacturing, Manufacturing, Use, and Post-use stages). The considered material options include: conventional steel, high strength steel, aluminum, magnesium, titanium and composites that are currently used in body-in-white (BIW) structures and exterior body panels. Sustainability scoring method was developed and used to decide on how using lighter materials in auto body applications is beneficial or not. The proposed major sustainable factors are categorized into four major groups: environmental, economical, social and technical groups. Also, each group has corresponding factors which were chosen by extensive search and screening, so only important sustainability aspects for auto body design have been selected in this study. Then the dissertation proceeds to show some sustainability scoring methods in order to get better understanding as well as relative ranking for different materials from sustainability point of view. Moreover, this work discusses the role and application of some multi-criteria decision making methods in materials selection, namely quality function deployment (QFD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). However, multi-criteria decision making methods are efficient tools to choose alternative from large set of alternatives, especially when two or more conflicting goals are present. Besides that, knowledge based system (KBS) was established for eco-material selection for auto-body structural panels. The goal behind using KBS is to help designers in material selection process which usually needs experience, time and effort
Energy efficiency for reducing carbon footprint in historic buildings: Comparing case in the UK and Malaysia
Climate changes seem to be one of the controversial conflicts for people in today's world and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which are one of the main reasons for climate changes, will be an appropriate solution for this alien. Buildings are one of the main resources for producing carbon dioxide emissions. For instance, around 40 percent of all carbon dioxide emission in the UK comes from buildings and so buildings especially heritage buildings need to improve their performance to contribute carbon reduction. The main aim of this research is to identify some acceptable and convenient ways for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in heritage buildings for controlling climate changes to some extent. In this paper, a desktop study was conducted to review the techniques and technologies to help us for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in heritage buildings. In this paper, the importance of heritage buildings and their elements such as wall, roof, window, door, floor has discussed and the main reasons for increasing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions have mentioned. In continuing, principles, risks, materials, methods, techniques and technologies for controlling energy loss of historic building elements have expressed. The results indicate that manufactured and transport of building materials will produce a large amount of carbon emissions and so the continued use of historic and heritage buildings can be an accommodative solution for this issue. For instance, in England in 2000 these processes accounted for more than 10 percent of the UK carbon dioxide emissions. It proves that conservation of heritage buildings is important not only for significant value of these buildings, but also for reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. All the methods, techniques and technologies which have discussed in this paper are correspondent solution for the goal of reduction carbon dioxide emissions that produce through the life-cycle of historic buildings
The New Hampshire, Vol. 67, No. 07 (Oct. 1, 1976)
An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire
Faculty Publications and Creative Works 2005
Faculty Publications & Creative Works is an annual compendium of scholarly and creative activities of University of New Mexico faculty during the noted calendar year. Published by the Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, it serves to illustrate the robust and active intellectual pursuits conducted by the faculty in support of teaching and research at UNM. In 2005, UNM faculty produced over 1,887 works, including 1,887 scholarly papers and articles, 57 books, 127 book chapters, 58 reviews, 68 creative works and 4 patented works. We are proud of the accomplishments of our faculty which are in part reflected in this book, which illustrates the diversity of intellectual pursuits in support of research and education at the University of New Mexico
Life Cycle Impact of Different Joining Decisions on Vehicle Recycling
Stricter vehicle emission legislation has driven significant
reduction in environmental impact of the vehicle use phase
through increasing use of lightweight materials and
multi-material concepts to reduce the vehicle mass. The joining
techniques used for joining multi-material designs has led to
reduction in efficiency of the current shredder-based recycling
practices. This thesis quantifies this reduction in efficiency
using data captured from industrial recycling trials.
Life Cycle Assessment has been widely used to assess the
environmental impact throughout the vehicle life cycle stages.
Although there is significant research on material selection or
substitution to improve the vehicle’s carbon footprint, the
correlation between multi-material vehicle designs and the
material separation through commonly used shredding process is
not well captured in the current analysis. This thesis addresses
this gap using data captured from industrial trials to measure
the influence of different joining techniques on material
recycling efficiencies. The effects of material degradation due
to joining choices are examined using the life cycle analysis
including exergy losses to account for a closed-loop system. The
System Dynamics approach is then performed to demonstrate the
dynamic life cycle impact of joining choices used for new
multi-material vehicle designs.
Observations from the case studies conducted in Australia and
Europe showed that mechanical fasteners, particularly machine
screws, are increasingly used to join different material types
and are less likely to be perfectly liberated during the
shredding process. The characteristics of joints, such as joint
strength, material type, size, diameter, location, temperature
resistance, protrusion level, and surface smoothness, have an
influence on the material liberation in the current sorting
practices. Additionally, the liberation of joints is also
affected by the density and thickness of materials being joined.
The life cycle analysis including exergy losses shows a
significant environmental burden caused by the amount of
impurities and valuable material losses due to unliberated
joints. By measuring the influence of joints quantitatively, this
work has looked at the potential of improving the quality of
materials recycled from ELV to be reused in a closed-loop system.
The dynamic behaviours between the joining choices and their
delayed influence on material recycling efficiencies from the
life cycle perspective are performed using the data from case
studies. It shows that the short-term reduction in environmental
impact through multi-material structures is offset over the
long-term by the increasing impurities and valuable material
losses due to unliberated joints. The different vehicle recycling
systems can then be resembled using two widely known system
archetypes: “Fixes that Fail” and “Shifting the Burden”.
Despite the adoption of more rigorous recycling approaches, the
life cycle impact of different joining techniques on vehicle
recycling continue to exist. The enactment of strict regulations
in current ELV recycling systems is unable to solve the
underlying ELV waste problem, and only prolongs the delay in
material degradation due to joining choices. This work shows that
the choice of joining techniques used for multi-material vehicle
designs has a significant impact on the environmental performance
during the ELV recycling phase
Proceedings of the 8th Annual Summer Conference: NASA/USRA Advanced Design Program
Papers presented at the 8th Annual Summer Conference are categorized as Space Projects and Aeronautics projects. Topics covered include: Systematic Propulsion Optimization Tools (SPOT), Assured Crew Return Vehicle Post Landing Configuration Design and Test, Autonomous Support for Microorganism Research in Space, Bioregenerative System Components for Microgravity, The Extended Mission Rover (EMR), Planetary Surface Exploration MESUR/Autonomous Lunar Rover, Automation of Closed Environments in Space for Human Comfort and Safety, Walking Robot Design, Extraterrestrial Surface Propulsion Systems, The Design of Four Hypersonic Reconnaissance Aircraft, Design of a Refueling Tanker Delivering Liquid Hydrogen, The Design of a Long-Range Megatransport Aircraft, and Solar Powered Multipurpose Remotely Powered Aircraft
Visual Acuity and Eye Movements
Several longstanding theories and some recently published
experimental evidence support the hypothesis that eye movements
serve to improve acuity. By measuring eye movements during a
simple acuity task, and during a control non-acuity task, we have
shown that certain patterns of eye movement are characteristic of
acuity tasks. Similarly, specific patterns of eye movement are
generated during spatial localization tasks. These observations
provide circumstantial evidence for the existence of mechanisms
by which eye movements mediate acuity and spatial localization
information.
Through a comparison of acuity for stabilized retinal images
with acuity for normal retinal images we have found that eye movements
improve acuity very slightly at most, and that even this small
improvement may be adequately accounted for by the residual fade
out effects commonly observed during prolonged viewing of stabilized
images. Measurement of distance and angle estimation ability in
both normal and stabilized vision reveals much the same result.
Stabilization diminishes the accuracy of these estimates only slightly,
as might be expected from the persistent fade effects observed during
the stabilized trials. Residual retinal image movement in the
stabilized trials was less than approximately 3 min arc. If such
acuity improving mechanisms exist, they either operate on very
small retinal image movements (less than 3 min arc), or they
improve acuity only slightly (e.g., by less than 0.1 log unit in sine
wave grating contrast sensitivity). Thus eye movements serve to
sustain all sensory visual inflow by countering the slow process of
fading of a stabilized image. They do not, however, play a vital role
in the much more rapid processes which determine visual acuity as
well as distance and angle estimation ability.</p
Implementation of Legal Protection for Journalists in Safeguarding Local Democracy
One of the reasons for the decline in Indonesia’s ranking in the freedom of the press and expression was due to the many cases of violence against journalists and the criminalization of those who expressed their opinions. Legal protection for journalists is a guarantee given by the government and the public to journalists in carrying out their journalistic duties. The study used an empirical legal approach or non- doctrinal research. This research was conducted in several media from 2011-2018 in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. The main findings of this study indicate that the phrase of ”protection” in the formulation of Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the press has given rise to multiple interpretations which resulted in journalists experiencing pressure in carrying out their duties. In conclusion, it is highly recommended that the law should be revise
Dynamical systems : mathematical and numerical approaches
Proceedings of the 13th Conference „Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications"
summarize 164 and the Springer Proceedings summarize 60 best papers of university
teachers and students, researchers and engineers from whole the world. The papers were
chosen by the International Scientific Committee from 315 papers submitted to the
conference. The reader thus obtains an overview of the recent developments of dynamical
systems and can study the most progressive tendencies in this field of science
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