33 research outputs found
Implementation of Asymmetric Multiprocessing Support in a Real-Time Operating System
The semiconductor industry can no longer afford to rely on decreasing the size of the
die, and increasing the frequency of operation to achieve higher performance. An
alternative that has been proven to increase performance is multiprocessing.
Multiprocessing refers to the concept of running more than one application or task on
more than one central processor. Multi-core processors are the main engine of
multiprocessing. In asymmetric multiprocessing, each core in a multi-core systems is
independent and has its own code that determines its execution. These cores must be
able to communicate and synchronize access to resources
TermelĂ©si struktĂşrák, mint komplex, adaptĂv rendszerek = Production structures as Complex Adaptive Systems
A kutatás során fontos lĂ©pĂ©seket tettĂĽnk a dinamikus, rugalmas termelĂ©si struktĂşrák modellezĂ©sĂ©nek, tervezĂ©sĂ©nek, irányĂtásának Ă©s menedzsmentjĂ©nek elmĂ©leti megalapozása terĂ©n. Figyelembe vettĂĽk a termelĂ©si hierarchia kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ szintjeit, a műhelyektĹ‘l a vállalatokon át a termelĂ©si hálĂłzatokig, szinergiákra törekedve az optimálás, az autonĂłmia Ă©s a kooperáciĂł tekintetĂ©ben. Az OTKA-támogatás feltĂĽntetĂ©sĂ©vel 47 publikáciĂł szĂĽletett, melyek közĂĽl 17 folyĂłiratcikk (köztĂĽk 13 impaktos, 19,546-os összimpakttal), 1 könyvfejezet Ă©s 29 konferenciacikk. MegkezdĹ‘dött az eredmĂ©nyek ipari bevezetĂ©se (GE, Hitachi, Audi, GAMESA, Bosch, Knorr Bremse, Bosch-Rexroth, stb.)) az MTA SZTAKI keretĂ©ben működĹ‘ Fraunhofer TermelĂ©sirányĂtás Ă©s –informatika Projektközpont (http://www.fraunhofer.hu) keretĂ©ben. | Significant steps were made towards the theoretical foundation of modelling, planning, control and management of dynamic, flexible production structures. Levels from shop floors through enterprises to the production networks were considered, and a synergy between the aspects of optimization, autonomy, and cooperation was aimed at. With indications to the OTKA support, as a whole, 47 papers have been published, i.e., 17 journal papers (among them 13 in journals with impact factors, with a cumulative impact factor of 19,546), 1 book chapter and 29 conference papers. The industrial deployment of the results was partly started in GE, Hitachi, Audi, GAMESA, Bosch, Knorr Bremse, Bosch-Rexroth, etc., mainly in the framework of the SZTAKI-Fraunhofer Production Management and –Informatics Project Center (http://www.fraunhofer.hu)
Implementation of Asymmetric Multiprocessing Support in a Real-Time Operating System
The semiconductor industry can no longer afford to rely on decreasing the size of the
die, and increasing the frequency of operation to achieve higher performance. An
alternative that has been proven to increase performance is multiprocessing.
Multiprocessing refers to the concept of running more than one application or task on
more than one central processor. Multi-core processors are the main engine of
multiprocessing. In asymmetric multiprocessing, each core in a multi-core systems is
independent and has its own code that determines its execution. These cores must be
able to communicate and synchronize access to resources
Coprocessor integration for real-time event processing in particle physics detectors
Els experiments de fĂsica d’altes energies actuals disposen d’acceleradors amb mĂ©s energĂa, sensors mĂ©s precisos i formes mĂ©s flexibles de recopilar les dades. Aquesta rĂ pida evoluciĂł requereix de mĂ©s capacitat de cĂ lcul; els processadors massivament paral·lels, com ara les targes acceleradores grĂ fiques, ens posen a l’abast aquesta major capacitat de cĂ lcul a un cost sensiblement inferior a les CPUs tradicionals. L’ús d’aquest tipus de processadors requereix, però, de nous algoritmes i nous enfocaments de l’organitzaciĂł de les dades que sĂłn difĂcils d’integrar en els programaris actuals.
En aquest treball s’exploren els problemes derivats de l’ús d’algoritmes paral·lels en els entorns de programari existents, orientats a CPUs, i es proposa una soluciĂł, en forma de servei, que comunica amb els diversos pipelines que processen els esdeveniments procedents de les col·lisions de partĂcules, recull les dades en lots i els envia als algoritmes corrent sobre els processadors massivament paral·lels.
Aquest servei s’integra en GaudĂ - l’entorn de software de dos dels quatre experiments principals del Gran Col·lisionador d’Hadrons. S’examina el sobrecost que el servei afegeix als algoritmes paral·lels. S’estudia un cas d´ùs del servei per fer una reconstrucciĂł paral·lela de les traces detectades en el VELO Pixel, el subdetector encarregat de la detecciĂł de vèrtex en l’upgrade de LHCb. Per aquest cas, s’observen les caracterĂstiques del rendiment en funciĂł de la mida dels lots de dades. Finalment, les conclusions en posen en el context dels requeriments del sistema de trigger de LHCb.La fĂsica de altas energĂas dispone actualmente de aceleradores con energĂas mayores, sensores más precisos y mĂ©todos de recopilaciĂłn de datos más flexibles que nunca. Su rápido progreso necesita aĂşn más potencia de cálculo; el hardware masivamente paralelo, como las unidades de procesamiento gráfico, nos brinda esta potencia a un coste mucho más bajo que las CPUs tradicionales. Sin embargo, para usar eficientemente este hardware necesitamos algoritmos nuevos y nuevos enfoques de organizaciĂłn de datos difĂciles de integrarse con el software existente.
En este trabajo, se investiga cómo se pueden usar estos algoritmos paralelos en las infraestructuras de software ya existentes y que están orientadas a CPUs. Se propone una solución en forma de un servicio que comunica con los diversos pipelines que procesan los eventos de las correspondientes colisiones de particulas, reúne los datos en lotes y se los entrega a los algoritmos paralelos acelerados por hardware.
Este servicio se integra con Gaudà — la infraestructura del entorno de software que usan dos de los cuatro gran experimentos del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones. Se examinan los costes añadidos por el servicio en los algoritmos paralelos. Se estudia un caso de uso del servicio para ejecutar un algoritmo paralelo para el VELO Pixel (el subdetector encargado de la localizaciĂłn de vĂ©rtices en el upgrade del experimento LHCb) y se estudian las caracterĂsticas de rendimiento de los distintos tamaños de lotes de datos. Finalmente, las conclusiones se contextualizan dentro la perspectiva de los requerimientos para el sistema de trigger de LHCb.High-energy physics experiments today have higher energies, more accurate sensors, and more flexible means of data collection than ever before. Their rapid progress requires ever more computational power; and massively parallel hardware, such as graphics cards, holds the promise to provide this power at a much lower cost than traditional CPUs. Yet, using this hardware requires new algorithms and new approaches to organizing data that can be difficult to integrate with existing software.
In this work, I explore the problem of using parallel algorithms within existing CPU-orientated frameworks and propose a compromise between the different trade-offs. The solution is a service that communicates with multiple event-processing pipelines, gathers data into batches, and submits them to hardware-accelerated parallel algorithms.
I integrate this service with Gaudi — a framework underlying the software environments of two of the four major experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. I examine the overhead the service adds to parallel algorithms. I perform a case study of using the service to run a parallel track reconstruction algorithm for the LHCb experiment's prospective VELO Pixel subdetector and look at the performance characteristics of using different data batch sizes. Finally, I put the findings into perspective within the context of the LHCb trigger's requirements
Automotive Control Catalyzer to Synthetize CaCO3 from Residual Co2 Embedded Control System
La contaminaciĂłn generada por el sector automotriz es un problema de medio ambiente por el que sectores gubernamentales y privados han tomado acciones para contrarrestarla. Uno de esos esfuerzos procura de proveer una soluciĂłn para la emisiĂłn de gases de producidos de diferentes sistemas de combustiĂłn. El objetivo del presente proyecto es diseñar un sistema de alta calidad y confiable, capaz de transformar una cantidad considerable de los gases emitidos en nuevo combustible antes de ser liberados de vuelta al entorno. El mĂłdulo de control fue desarrollado considerando los requerimientos demandados por la industria automotriz. El controlador fue basado sobre la arquitectura AUTOSAR, este tambiĂ©n incluyĂł el protocolo de comunicaciĂłn estándar CAN 2.0 desempeñado con el microcontrolador validado como grado 2 por el Consejo de ElectrĂłnica Automotriz, y el sensor SHT11 usado fue certificado contra RoHS. La arquitectura de software cumple con la complejidad inherente de las especificaciones de AUTOSAR, por consiguiente, diferentes tĂ©cnicas fueron requeridas para su soluciĂłn, incluyendo la definiciĂłn, diagramas de lĂmites, especificaciĂłn de requerimientos, interfaces de software e interacciĂłn de mĂłdulos. Una vez que los requerimientos fueron conocidos, el cĂłdigo fue implementado. Como resultado, este mĂłdulo puede ser categorizado como un producto de grado automotriz que puede ser introducido en el mercado automotriz.The pollution generated by the automotive sector has been an environmental issue in the
latest years, and nowadays, different governmental and private sectors have taken actions on this
matter. One of these efforts tries to provide a solution for contaminating gas emissions produced
from different fuel combustion systems. The aim of the present project is to design a reliable and
high-quality system that senses the environmental temperature, relative humidity, and calculates
the dew point to control a catalyzer capable of transforming a considerable amount of exhaust
gases into a new fuel component before they are released back into the environment. The control
module was developed considering the requirements demanded by the automotive industry. The
controller was based on an AUTOSAR architecture, it also included the standard CAN 2.0
communication protocol performed within the microcontroller validated as grade 2 by the
Automotive Electronics Council, and the SHT11 sensor used was certified against RoHS. Equally
important, the software architecture complied with the complexity inherent in AUTOSAR
specifications. Therefore, different techniques were required for its solution, including, boundary
diagram, requirement specifications, software interface, and module interaction definitions. Once
these requirements where met, the code was implemented. As a result, this module could be
categorized as an automotive-grade product that can be introduced in the automotive market.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂ
Controlo distribuĂdo de um braço robĂłtico
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesMuitos dos sistemas electr´onicos de hoje em dia necessitam de executar
tarefas com determinados requisitos de pontualidade, previsibilidade ou
rela¸c˜oes de precedˆencia. O cumprimento destes leva muitas vezes `a
necessidade de utiliza¸c˜ao de sistemas operativos de tempo-real (RTOS),
devidamente complementados por redes de tempo-real, no caso de sistemas
distribu´ıdos.
No ˆambito desta disserta¸c˜ao desenvolveram-se estruturas b´asicas para um
demonstrador do protocolo FTT-SE, que oferece comunica¸c˜ao tempo-real
sobre Ethernet. Este demonstrador ´e baseado num bra¸co rob´otico com
cinco graus de liberdade, o que corresponde a cinco juntas ou eixos,
estando cada uma destas ligada a um computador que a controla.
Foram desenvolvidos device drivers para o RTOS RTLinux para efectuar a
comunica¸c˜ao com o hardware desenvolvido que permite obter informa¸c˜ao
sobre a posi¸c˜ao da junta do bra¸co rob´otico bem como controlar o movimento
do motor. Foram desenvolvidos tamb´em algoritmos de controlo e
cinem´atica com o objectivo de controlar o movimento de cada junta do
bra¸co de forma a que esta siga uma traject´oria previamente definida.Many of the electronic systems of today need to perform tasks with certain
requirements of timeliness, predictability or precedence relations. The
fulfilment of this requirements often leads to the need to use real-time operating
systems (RTOS), fully complemented by real-time networks, in case
of distributed systems.
In this dissertation it was developed basic structures for a FTT-SE protocol
demonstrator, which provides real-time communication over Ethernet.
This demonstrator is based on a robotic arm with five degrees of freedom,
corresponding to five joints or axes, with each one of these connected to a
computer that controls it.
We developed device drivers for the RTOS RTLinux to allow the communication
with the hardware developed that provides the joint position of the
robotic arm and control the movement of its engine. In addition, kinematics
and control algorithms were developed in order to control the movement of
each joint of the arm so that it follows a predefined trajectory