987 research outputs found
Design of coupled mace filters for optical pattern recognition using practical spatial light modulators
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are being used in correlation-based optical pattern recognition systems to implement the Fourier domain filters. Currently available SLMs have certain limitations with respect to the realizability of these filters. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the SLM constraints in the design of the filters. The design of a SLM-constrained minimum average correlation energy (SLM-MACE) filter using the simulated annealing-based optimization technique was investigated. The SLM-MACE filter was synthesized for three different types of constraints. The performance of the filter was evaluated in terms of its recognition (discrimination) capabilities using computer simulations. The correlation plane characteristics of the SLM-MACE filter were found to be reasonably good. The SLM-MACE filter yielded far better results than the analytical MACE filter implemented on practical SLMs using the constrained magnitude technique. Further, the filter performance was evaluated in the presence of noise in the input test images. This work demonstrated the need to include the SLM constraints in the filter design. Finally, a method is suggested to reduce the computation time required for the synthesis of the SLM-MACE filter
Design of optimal correlation filters for hybrid vision systems
Research is underway at the NASA Johnson Space Center on the development of vision systems that recognize objects and estimate their position by processing their images. This is a crucial task in many space applications such as autonomous landing on Mars sites, satellite inspection and repair, and docking of space shuttle and space station. Currently available algorithms and hardware are too slow to be suitable for these tasks. Electronic digital hardware exhibits superior performance in computing and control; however, they take too much time to carry out important signal processing operations such as Fourier transformation of image data and calculation of correlation between two images. Fortunately, because of the inherent parallelism, optical devices can carry out these operations very fast, although they are not quite suitable for computation and control type operations. Hence, investigations are currently being conducted on the development of hybrid vision systems that utilize both optical techniques and digital processing jointly to carry out the object recognition tasks in real time. Algorithms for the design of optimal filters for use in hybrid vision systems were developed. Specifically, an algorithm was developed for the design of real-valued frequency plane correlation filters. Furthermore, research was also conducted on designing correlation filters optimal in the sense of providing maximum signal-to-nose ratio when noise is present in the detectors in the correlation plane. Algorithms were developed for the design of different types of optimal filters: complex filters, real-value filters, phase-only filters, ternary-valued filters, coupled filters. This report presents some of these algorithms in detail along with their derivations
Understanding Correlation Techniques for Face Recognition: From Basics to Applications
International audienc
An Optoelectronic Implementation of the Adaptive Resonance Neural Network
A solution to the problem of implementation of the adaptive resonance theory (ART) of neural networks that uses an optical correlator which allows the large body of correlator research to be leveraged in the implementation of ART is presented. The implementation takes advantage of the fact that one ART-based architecture, known as ART1, can be broken into several parts, some of which are better to implement in parallel. The control structure of ART, often regarded as its most complex part, is actually not very time consuming and can be done in electronics. The bottom-up and top-down gated pathways, however, are very time consuming to simulate and are difficult to implement directly in electronics due to the high number of interconnections. In addition to the design, the authors present experiments with a laboratory prototype to illustrate its feasibility and to discuss implementation details that arise in practice. This device can potentially outperform alternative implementations of ART1 by as much as two to three orders of magnitude in problems requiring especially large input field
Spread spectrum techniques for indoor wireless IR communications
Multipath dispersion and fluorescent light
interference are two major problems in indoor
wireless infrared communications systems. Multipath
dispersion introduces intersymhol interference
at data rates above 10 Mb/s, while
fluorescent light induces severe narrowband
interference to baseband modulation schemes
commonly used such as OOK and PPM. This
article reviews the research into the application
of direct sequence spread spectrum techniques
to ameliorate these key channel impairments
without having to resort to complex signal processing
techniques. The inherent properties of a
spreading sequence are exploited in order to
combat the ISI and narrowband interference. In
addition, to reduce the impact of these impairments,
the DSSS modulation schemes have
strived to be bandwidth-efficient and simple to
implement. Three main DSSS waveform techniques
have been developed and investigated.
These are sequence inverse keying, complementary
sequence inverse keying, and M-ary biorthogonal
keying (MBOK). The operations of
the three systems are explained; their performances
were evaluated through simulations and
experiments for a number of system parameters,
including spreading sequence type and length.
By comparison with OOK, our results show that
SIK, CSIK, and MBOK are effective against
multipath dispersion and fluorescent light interference
becausc the penalties incurred on the
DSSS schemes are between 0-7 dB, while the
penalty on OOK in the same environment is
more than 17 dB. The DSSS solution for IR
wireless transmission demonstrates that a transmission
waveform can he designed to remove
the key channel impairments in a wireless IR
system
Entanglement Rate for Gaussian Continuous Variable Beams
We derive a general expression that quantifies the total entanglement
production rate in continuous variable systems, where a source emits two
entangled Gaussian beams with arbitrary correlators.This expression is
especially useful for situations where the source emits an arbitrary frequency
spectrum,e.g. when cavities are involved. To exemplify its meaning and
potential, we apply it to a four-mode optomechanical setup that enables the
simultaneous up- and down-conversion of photons from a drive laser into
entangled photon pairs. This setup is efficient in that both the drive and the
optomechanical up- and down-conversion can be fully resonant.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
The investigation of correlator systems utilizing object and frequency space filters
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN043875 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Multidimensional quantum entanglement with large-scale integrated optics
The ability to control multidimensional quantum systems is key for the
investigation of fundamental science and for the development of advanced
quantum technologies. Here we demonstrate a multidimensional integrated quantum
photonic platform able to robustly generate, control and analyze
high-dimensional entanglement. We realize a programmable bipartite entangled
system with dimension up to on a large-scale silicon-photonics
quantum circuit. The device integrates more than 550 photonic components on a
single chip, including 16 identical photon-pair sources. We verify the high
precision, generality and controllability of our multidimensional technology,
and further exploit these abilities to demonstrate key quantum applications
experimentally unexplored before, such as quantum randomness expansion and
self-testing on multidimensional states. Our work provides a prominent
experimental platform for the development of multidimensional quantum
technologies.Comment: Science, (2018
Fourier optics approaches to enhanced depth-of-field applications in millimetre-wave imaging and microscopy
In the first part of this thesis millimetre-wave interferometric imagers are considered
for short-range applications such as concealed weapons detection. Compared to real
aperture systems, synthetic aperture imagers at these wavelengths can provide improvements
in terms of size, cost, depth-of-field (DoF) and imaging flexibility via digitalrefocusing.
Mechanical scanning between the scene and the array is investigated to
reduce the number of antennas and correlators which drive the cost of such imagers.
The tradeoffs associated with this hardware reduction are assessed before to jointly
optimise the array configuration and scanning motion. To that end, a novel metric is
proposed to quantify the uniformity of the Fourier domain coverage of the array and is
maximised with a genetic algorithm. The resulting array demonstrates clear improvements
in imaging performances compared to a conventional power-law Y-shaped array.
The DoF of antenna arrays, analysed via the Strehl ratio, is shown to be limited even
for infinitely small antennas, with the exception of circular arrays.
In the second part of this thesis increased DoF in optical systems with Wavefront
Coding (WC) is studied. Images obtained with WC are shown to exhibit artifacts
that limit the benefits of this technique. An image restoration procedure employing a
metric of defocus is proposed to remove these artifacts and therefore extend the DoF
beyond the limit of conventional WC systems. A transmission optical microscope was
designed and implemented to operate with WC. After suppression of partial coherence
effects, the proposed image restoration method was successfully applied and extended
DoF images are presented
Bio-inspired log-polar based color image pattern analysis in multiple frequency channels
The main topic addressed in this thesis is to implement color image pattern recognition based on the lateral inhibition subtraction phenomenon combined with a complex log-polar mapping in multiple spatial frequency channels. It is shown that the individual red, green and blue channels have different recognition performances when put in the context of former work done by Dragan Vidacic. It is observed that the green channel performs better than the other two channels, with the blue channel having the poorest performance. Following the application of a contrast stretching function the object recognition performance is improved in all channels. Multiple spatial frequency filters were designed to simulate the filtering channels that occur in the human visual system. Following these preprocessing steps Dragan Vidacic\u27s methodology is followed in order to determine the benefits that are obtained from the preprocessing steps being investigated. It is shown that performance gains are realized by using such preprocessing steps
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