Simulation of intrinsic parameter fluctuations in nano-CMOS devices

As devices are scaled to gate lengths of sub 100 nm the effects of intrinsic parameter fluctuations will become increasingly important.This work presents a systematic simulation study of intrinsic parameter fluctuations, consisting of random dopant fluctations, line edge roughness and oxide thickness fluctuations, in a real 35 nm MOSFET developed by Toshiba. The simulations are calibrated against experimental data for the real device and it is found that discrete random dopants have the greatest impact on both the threshold voltage and leakage current fluctuations with a σVT of 33.2mV and a percentage increase in the average leakage current of 50%. Line edge roughness has the second greatest impact with a σVT of 19mV and percentage increase in the average leakage current of 45.5%. The smallest impact is caused by oxide thickness variations resulting in a σVT of 1.8mV and a 13% increase in the average leakage current. The combined effects of pairs of fluctuations is also studied, showing that these sources of intrinsic parameter fluctuations are statistically independent and a calculated σVT of 39mV is given for all of the sources combined. This value is on par with that reported in literature for the 90 nm technology node

High Frequency Devices and Circuit Modules for Biochemical Microsystems

This dissertation investigates high frequency devices and circuit modules for biochemical microsystems. These modules are designed towards replacing external bulky laboratory instruments and integrating with biochemical microsystems to generate and analyze signals in frequency and time domain. The first is a charge pump circuit with modified triple well diodes, which is used as an on-chip power supply. The second is an on-chip pulse generation circuit to generate high voltage short pulses. It includes a pulse-forming-line (PFL) based pulse generation circuit, a Marx generator and a Blumlein generator. The third is a six-port circuit based on four quadrature hybrids with 2.0~6.0 GHz operating frequency tuning range for analyzing signals in frequency domain on-chip. The fourth is a high-speed sample-and-hold circuit (SHC) with a 13.3 Gs/s sampling rate and ~11.5 GHz input bandwidth for analyzing signals in time domain on-chip. The fifth is a novel electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy with high-sensitivity and wide frequency tuning range

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography, supplement 122

This bibliography lists 303 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1980

Solar thermal heating and cooling. A bibliography with abstracts

This bibliographic series cites and abstracts the literature and technical papers on the heating and cooling of buildings with solar thermal energy. Over 650 citations are arranged in the following categories: space heating and cooling systems; space heating and cooling models; building energy conservation; architectural considerations, thermal load computations; thermal load measurements, domestic hot water, solar and atmospheric radiation, swimming pools; and economics

Scientific and technical information output of the Langley Research Center for calendar year 1982

Citations are presented for 1380 for formal reports; quick-release technical memorandum; contractor reports; journal articles and periodical literature; technical talks and meeting presentations; computer programs; tech briefs, and patents produced during 1982. An author index is provided

The Design and Development of an Intelligent Atraumatic Laparoscopic Grasper

A key tool in laparoscopic surgery is the grasper, which is the surgeon’s main means of manipulating tissue within the body. However inappropriate use may lead to tissue damage and poor surgical outcomes. This thesis presents a novel approach to the assessment and prevention of tissue damage caused by laparoscopic graspers. The research focusses on establishing typical grasping characteristics used in surgery and thus developing a model of mechanically induced tissue trauma. A review explored the state-of-the-art in devices for measuring surgical grasping, tissue mechanics, and damage quantification to inform the research. An instrumented grasper was developed to characterise typical surgical tasks, enabling the grasping force and jaw displacement to be measured. This device was then used to quantitatively characterise grasper use in an in-vivo porcine model where the device was used to perform organ retraction and manipulation tasks. From this work, the range of forces and the grasping times used in certain tasks were determined and this information was used to guide the rest of the study. The in-vivo investigation highlighted a need for grasping in a controlled environment where the tissue’s mechanical properties could be studied. A grasper test rig was designed and developed to provide automated controlled grasping of ex-vivo tissue. This allowed the mechanical properties of tissue to be determined and analysed for indications of tissue damage. A series of experimental studies were conducted with this system which showed how the mechanical response of tissue varies depending on the applied grasping force characteristics, and how this is indicative of tissue damage through comparison to histological analysis. These data were then used to develop a model which predicts the likelihood and severity of tissue damage during grasping, based on the input conditions of grasping force and time. The model was integrated into the instrumented grasper system to provide a tool which could enable real-time grading and feedback of grasping during surgery, or be used to inform best practice in training scenarios

Numerical modelling of the aluminium extrusion process

The extrusion of aluminium alloys involves the shaping of the product from an homogenised billet into a complex shape. In addition the properties of the extrudate are closely related to the processing parameters (temperature, stain rate, and material morphology). Since all the parameters vary throughout the ram stroke and throughout the billet the prediction of the condition of the extrudate is complex. In this study the analysis is accomplished by the use of finite element analysis coupled with sub-illodelling of the structural features. The study is extended to include the lieat-treatment process necessary for precipitation hardened alloys subsequent to the process. The author has published these results in a number of learned journals and these are given in Appendix. After a concise introduction and crirical literature review chapter3 analyses the basic operation of the finite element package(FEM) discussing the procedures involved, the equilibrium equations and the more practical aspect of the mesh morphology and size. Finite Element analysis and material structural models have been integrated using parallel processing technology and program sub-routines. In this section the external inputs are also defined paying particular attention to the friction conditions and the constitutive equations. The thesis then proceeds to describe and analyse the integrated modelling of the process necessary to introduce the user introduction of the equations necessary to produce a comprehensive analysis of the material structural problems. This includes the cellular automata teclu-iiques. Various complex extrusion geometries are analysed and the effects of scaling considered. Development of the extrudate surface and criteria for ptedicting this important feature are coinprehebsivcly covered in chapter 5 whilst chapter 6 considers some special technologies such as the use of pockets to obtain homogenous structures. Isothermal extrusion is also included in this section

Numerical modelling of the aluminium extrusion process

The extrusion of aluminium alloys involves the shaping of the product from an homogenised billet into a complex shape. In addition the properties of the extrudate are closely related to the processing parameters (temperature, stain rate, and material morphology). Since all the parameters vary throughout the ram stroke and throughout the billet the prediction of the condition of the extrudate is complex. In this study the analysis is accomplished by the use of finite element analysis coupled with sub-illodelling of the structural features. The study is extended to include the lieat-treatment process necessary for precipitation hardened alloys subsequent to the process. The author has published these results in a number of learned journals and these are given in Appendix. After a concise introduction and crirical literature review chapter3 analyses the basic operation of the finite element package(FEM) discussing the procedures involved, the equilibrium equations and the more practical aspect of the mesh morphology and size. Finite Element analysis and material structural models have been integrated using parallel processing technology and program sub-routines. In this section the external inputs are also defined paying particular attention to the friction conditions and the constitutive equations. The thesis then proceeds to describe and analyse the integrated modelling of the process necessary to introduce the user introduction of the equations necessary to produce a comprehensive analysis of the material structural problems. This includes the cellular automata teclu-iiques. Various complex extrusion geometries are analysed and the effects of scaling considered. Development of the extrudate surface and criteria for ptedicting this important feature are coinprehebsivcly covered in chapter 5 whilst chapter 6 considers some special technologies such as the use of pockets to obtain homogenous structures. Isothermal extrusion is also included in this section.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo