Cross benefits from cyber-physical systems and intelligent products for future smart industries

The manufacturing industry is facing a technology paradigm change, as also captured in the Industrie 4.0 vision as the fourth industrial revolution. Future smart industries will require to optimize not only their own manufacturing processes but also the use of products and manufacturing resources, their maintenance and their recycling. In this context the strengths and weak nesses of two key concepts, namely Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Intelligent Product (IP) are discussed, and it is suggested that an integration of these two approaches to meet the introduced emergent requirements is beneficial. The integration of CPS and IP is shown via two real-world industrial cases, covering different phases of the product life-cycle, namely the production, use and maintenance phases.Surferl@b is partially funded by ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), and the authors wish to thank the European Union and the Nord-Pas -de-Calais in France region for their support. This work is also (partially) funded by the Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization – COMPETE 2020 and by FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

IoT as PSS Enabler: Exploring Opportunities for Conceptualization and Implementation

Nowadays, product-service systems (PSS) as an integrated system of physical products and services play a crucial role in sustainable economies. In addition to high competitive global economy, emergence of new digital paradigms is supporting the shift towards servitization. Although the great potential of such paradigms are recognized by both practice and research, their implications for PSS is not clear yet. Particularly, features of Internet-of-Things (IoT) such as total connectedness and ubiquity of smart sensors and actuators provide various new opportunities for PSS. This study explores such opportunities by conducting structured literature review and 13 interviews. We formulate the findings into two folds. First, we introduce four degrees of IoT involvement in PSS business models and we elaborate the opportunities that they create for different types of PSS. Second, we present the key technologies and approaches, which IoT provides with regard to PSS lifecycle management

ANÁLISE DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS INTELIGENTES PARA A GESTÃO DA ALTA HOSPITALAR

A necessidade de alcançar uma maior eficiência na utilização dos recursos hospitalares torna necessária a sincronização dos processos internos. Para tanto, é essencial a aproximação entre os fluxos físicos e de informação envolvidos nos processos, como, por exemplo, a gestão da alta hospitalar. Essa aproximação é apoiada pela difusão de Tecnologias da Informação e pela contínua adoção dos conceitos de Sistemas Ciber-Físicos. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo propor e analisar políticas de sincronização dos processos internos de gestão da alta hospitalar, por meio da adoção de Sistemas Ciber-Físicos inteligentes. Para isto, após realizar uma proposição do estado futuro almejado, um modelo de simulação foi construído para apoiar sua comparação com o estado atual do processo. Assim, foi possível evidenciar possíveis ganhos de eficiência na utilização dos recursos hospitalares, bem como redução do tempo de permanência dos pacientes. Palavras-chave: Alta hospitalar. Gestão hospitalar. CPS - Cyber-Physical Systems. Simulação. Sincronização. ABSTRACT The need for better utilization of hospital instigates the synchronization of internal processes. For that, it is essential to approximate the physical and information flows involved in the processes, such as hospital discharge management. This approach is supported by the diffusion of information technologies and by the continuous adoption of the concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems. In this context, the aim of this article is to propose and analyze new policies for synchronization of internal hospital discharge processes management, made possible by the adoption of intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems. To this, a simulation model was elaborated to support its comparison with the current state of the process. Thus, it was possible to show possible gains in efficiency in the use of hospital resources, as well as reduction of patients' time of permanence. Keywords: Hospital discharge. Hospital management. CPS - Cyber-Physical Systems. Simulation. Synchronization

ANÁLISE DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS INTELIGENTES PARA A GESTÃO DA ALTA HOSPITALAR

A necessidade de alcançar uma maior eficiência na utilização dos recursos hospitalares torna necessária a sincronização dos processos internos. Para tanto, é essencial a aproximação entre os fluxos físicos e de informação envolvidos nos processos, como, por exemplo, a gestão da alta hospitalar. Essa aproximação é apoiada pela difusão de Tecnologias da Informação e pela contínua adoção dos conceitos de Sistemas Ciber-Físicos. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo propor e analisar políticas de sincronização dos processos internos de gestão da alta hospitalar, por meio da adoção de Sistemas Ciber-Físicos inteligentes. Para isto, após realizar uma proposição do estado futuro almejado, um modelo de simulação foi construído para apoiar sua comparação com o estado atual do processo. Assim, foi possível evidenciar possíveis ganhos de eficiência na utilização dos recursos hospitalares, bem como redução do tempo de permanência dos pacientes.Palavras-chave: Alta hospitalar. Gestão hospitalar. CPS - Cyber-Physical Systems. Simulação. Sincronização.ABSTRACTThe need for better utilization of hospital instigates the synchronization of internal processes. For that, it is essential to approximate the physical and information flows involved in the processes, such as hospital discharge management. This approach is supported by the diffusion of information technologies and by the continuous adoption of the concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems. In this context, the aim of this article is to propose and analyze new policies for synchronization of internal hospital discharge processes management, made possible by the adoption of intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems. To this, a simulation model was elaborated to support its comparison with the current state of the process. Thus, it was possible to show possible gains in efficiency in the use of hospital resources, as well as reduction of patients' time of permanence.Keywords: Hospital discharge. Hospital management. CPS - Cyber-Physical Systems. Simulation. Synchronization

TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL TRANSFOR-MATION SUCCESS IN MANUFACTURING

Digital Transformation (DT) affects whole enterprises and is expected to drive a disruptive change in the way people work. Digital technologies leverage changes from simple tasks to the enterprise-wide strategy. Enterprises expect major benefits from investments in DT. However, digital transformation is a complex process and hence difficult to understand. Many different use scenarios exist so that decisions about the adoption of technologies are challenging. Therefore, it is critical to understand which benefits might be achieved with DT. With our research, we contribute to the understanding of digital transformation success. We develop and evaluate a framework that covers the main dimensions of digital transformation success. Literature from IS success and DT research is used to identify these dimensions. To evaluate this framework, we use data gained in a qualitative approach. We combine findings from a literature research with qualitative results to offer deeper insights into peoples\u27 understanding of what shapes the success. The framework is useful to classify benefits achieved by DT and to point out new possibilities of gaining success with DT

Manufacturing Value Modelling, Flexibility, and Sustainability: from theoretical definition to empirical validation

The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate the relevance of flexibility and sustainability within the smart manufacturing environment and understand if they could be adopted as emerging competitive dimensions and help firms to take decisions and delivering value

Double smart energy harvesting system for self-powered industrial IoT

312 p. 335 p. (confidencial)Future factories would be based on the Industry 4.0 paradigm. IndustrialInternet of Things (IIoT) represent a part of the solution in this field. Asautonomous systems, powering challenges could be solved using energy harvestingtechnology. The present thesis work combines two alternatives of energy input andmanagement on a single architecture. A mini-reactor and an indoor photovoltaiccell as energy harvesters and a double power manager with AC/DC and DC/DCconverters controlled by a low power single controller. Furthermore, theaforementioned energy management is improved with artificial intelligencetechniques, which allows a smart and optimal energy management. Besides, theharvested energy is going to be stored in a low power supercapacitor. The workconcludes with the integration of these solutions making IIoT self-powered devices.IK4 Teknike

DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING INTELLIGENT-PRODUCT STRUCTURES INTO A FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

Industrial Engineerin

Smart Service Innovation: Organization, Design, and Assessment

Background: The emergence of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and wireless communication drives the digital transformation of the entire society. Organizations can exploit these potentials by offering new data-driven services with innovative value propositions, such as carsharing, remote equipment maintenance, and energy management services. These services result from value co-creation enabled by smart service systems, which are configurations of people, processes, and digital technologies. However, developing such systems was found to be challenging in practice. This is mainly due to the difficulties of managing complexity and uncertainty in the innovation process, as contributions of various actors from multiple disciplines must be coordinated. Previous research in service innovation and service systems engineering (SSE) has not shed sufficient light on the specifics of smart services, while research on smart service systems lacks empirical grounding. Purpose: This thesis aims to advance the understanding of the systematic development of smart services in multi-actor settings by investigating how smart service innovation (SSI) is conducted in practice, particularly regarding the participating actors, roles they assume, and methods they apply for designing smart service systems. Furthermore, the existing set of methods is extended by new methods for the design-integrated assessment of smart services and service business models. Approach: Empirical and design science methods were combined to address the research questions. To explore how SSI is conducted in practice, 25 interviews with experts from 13 organizations were conducted in two rounds. Building on service-dominant logic (SDL) as a theoretical foundation and a multi-level framework for SSI, the involvement of actors, their activities, employed means, and experienced challenges were collected. Additionally, a case study was used to evaluate the suitability of the Lifecycle Modelling Language to describe smart service systems. Design science methods were applied to determine a useful combination of service design methods and to build meta-models and tools for assessing smart services. They were evaluated using experiments and the talk aloud method. Results: On the macro-level, service ecosystems consist of various actors that conduct service innovation through the reconfiguration of resources. Collaboration of these actors is facilitated on the meso-level within a project. The structure and dynamics of project configurations can be described through a set of roles, innovation patterns, and ecosystem states. Four main activities have been identified, which actors perform to reduce uncertainty in the project. To guide their work, actors apply a variety of means from different disciplines to develop and document work products. The approach of design-integrated business model assessment is enabled through a meta-model that links qualitative aspects of service architectures and business models with quantitative assessment information. The evaluation of two tool prototypes showed the feasibility and benefit of this approach. Originality / Value: The results reported in this thesis advance the understanding of smart service innovation. They contribute to evidence-based knowledge on service systems engineering and its embedding in service ecosystems. Specifically, the consideration of actors, roles, activities, and methods can enhance existing reference process models. Furthermore, the support of activities in such processes through suitable methods can stimulate discussions on how methods from different disciplines can be applied and combined for developing the various aspects of smart service systems. The underlying results help practitioners to better organize and conduct SSI projects. As potential roles in a service ecosystem depend on organizational capabilities, the presented results can support the analysis of ex¬ternal dependencies and develop strategies for building up internal competencies.:Abstract iii Content Overview iv List of Abbreviations viii List of Tables x List of Figures xii PART A - SYNOPSIS 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Motivation 2 1.2 Research Objectives and Research Questions 4 1.3 Thesis Structure 6 2 Research Background 7 2.1 Smart Service Systems 7 2.2 Service-Dominant Logic 8 2.3 Service Innovation in Ecosystems 11 2.4 Systematic Development of Smart Service Systems 13 3 Research Approach 21 3.1 Research Strategy 21 3.2 Applied Research Methods 22 4 Summary of Findings 26 4.1 Overview of Research Results 26 4.2 Organizational Setup of Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 27 4.3 Conducting Smart Service Innovation Projects 32 4.4 Approaches for the Design-integrated Assessment of Smart Services 39 5 Discussion 44 5.1 Contributions 44 5.2 Limitations 46 5.3 Managerial Implications 47 5.4 Directions for Future Research 48 6 Conclusion 54 References 55 PART B - PUBLICATIONS 68 7 It Takes More than Two to Tango: Identifying Roles and Patterns in Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 69 7.1 Introduction 69 7.2 Research Background 72 7.3 Methodology 76 7.4 Results 79 7.5 Discussion 90 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook 96 7.7 References 97 8 Iterative Uncertainty Reduction in Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 100 8.1 Introduction 100 8.2 Research Background 103 8.3 Research Approach 109 8.4 Findings 113 8.5 Discussion 127 8.6 Conclusions and Outlook 131 8.7 References 133 9 How to Tame the Tiger – Exploring the Means, Ends, and Challenges in Smart Service Systems Engineering 139 9.1 Introduction 139 9.2 Research Background 140 9.3 Methodology 143 9.4 Results 145 9.5 Discussion and Conclusions 151 9.6 References 153 10 Combining Methods for the Design of Digital Services in Practice: Experiences from a Predictive Costing Service 156 10.1 Introduction 156 10.2 Conceptual Foundation 157 10.3 Preparing the Action Design Research Project 158 10.4 Application and Evaluation of Methods 160 10.5 Discussion and Formalization of Learning 167 10.6 Conclusion 169 10.7 References 170 11 Modelling of a Smart Service for Consumables Replenishment: A Life Cycle Perspective 171 11.1 Introduction 171 11.2 Life Cycles of Smart Services 173 11.3 Case Study 178 11.4 Discussion of the Modelling Approach 185 11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 187 11.6 References 188 12 Design-integrated Financial Assessment of Smart Services 192 12.1 Introduction 192 12.2 Problem Analysis 195 12.3 Meta-Model Design 200 12.4 Application of the Meta-Model in a Tool Prototype 204 12.5 Evaluation 206 12.6 Discussion 208 12.7 Conclusions 209 12.8 References 211 13 Towards a Cost-Benefit-Analysis of Data-Driven Business Models 215 13.1 Introduction 215 13.2 Conceptual Foundation 216 13.3 Methodology 218 13.4 Case Analysis 220 13.5 A Cost-Benefit-Analysis Model for DDBM 222 13.6 Conclusion and Outlook 225 13.7 References 226 14 Enabling Design-integrated Assessment of Service Business Models Through Factor Refinement 228 14.1 Introduction 228 14.2 Related Work 229 14.3 Research Goal and Method 230 14.4 Solution Design 231 14.5 Demonstration 234 14.6 Discussion 235 14.7 Conclusion 236 14.8 References 23