2,895 research outputs found
The adaptive interpolation method for proving replica formulas. Applications to the Curie-Weiss and Wigner spike models
In this contribution we give a pedagogic introduction to the newly introduced
adaptive interpolation method to prove in a simple and unified way replica
formulas for Bayesian optimal inference problems. Many aspects of this method
can already be explained at the level of the simple Curie-Weiss spin system.
This provides a new method of solution for this model which does not appear to
be known. We then generalize this analysis to a paradigmatic inference problem,
namely rank-one matrix estimation, also refered to as the Wigner spike model in
statistics. We give many pointers to the recent literature where the method has
been succesfully applied
Electronic structure, magnetism, and disorder in the Heusler compound CoTiSn
Polycrystalline samples of the half-metallic ferromagnet Heusler compound
CoTiSn have been prepared and studied using bulk techniques (X-ray
diffraction and magnetization) as well as local probes (Sn M\"ossbauer
spectroscopy and Co nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in order to
determine how disorder affects half-metallic behavior and also, to establish
the joint use of M\"ossbauer and NMR spectroscopies as a quantitative probe of
local ion ordering in these compounds. Additionally, density functional
electronic structure calculations on ordered and partially disordered
CoTiSn compounds have been carried out at a number of different levels of
theory in order to simultaneously understand how the particular choice of DFT
scheme as well as disorder affect the computed magnetization. Our studies
suggest that a sample which seems well-ordered by X-ray diffraction and
magnetization measurements can possess up to 10% of antisite (Co/Ti)
disordering. Computations similarly suggest that even 12.5% antisite Co/Ti
disorder does not destroy the half-metallic character of this material.
However, the use of an appropriate level of non-local DFT is crucial.Comment: 11 pages and 5 figure
Converse Magnetoelectric Experiments on a Room Temperature Spirally Ordered Hexaferrite
Experiments have been performed to measure magnetoelectric properties of room
temperature spirally ordered Sr3Co2Fe24O41 hexaferrite slabs. The measured
properties include the magnetic permeability, the magnetization and the strain
all as a function of the electric field E and the magnetic intensity H. The
material hexaferrite Sr3Co2Fe24O41 exhibits broken symmetries for both time
reversal and parity. The product of the two symmetries remains unbroken. This
is the central feature of these magnetoelectric materials. A simple physical
model is proposed to explain the magnetoelectric effect in these materials.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
An augmented space recursion study of the electronic structure of rough epitaxial overlayers
In this communication we propose the use of the Augmented Space Recursion as
an ideal methodology for the study of electronic and magnetic structures of
rough surfaces, interfaces and overlayers. The method can take into account
roughness, short-ranged clustering effects, surface dilatation and
interdiffusion. We illustrate our method by an application of Fe overlayer on
Ag (100) surface.Comment: 22 pages, Latex, 6 postscript figure
Confinement-Higgs transition in a disordered gauge theory and the accuracy threshold for quantum memory
We study the +/- J random-plaquette Z_2 gauge model (RPGM) in three spatial
dimensions, a three-dimensional analog of the two-dimensional +/- J random-bond
Ising model (RBIM). The model is a pure Z_2 gauge theory in which randomly
chosen plaquettes (occuring with concentration p) have couplings with the
``wrong sign'' so that magnetic flux is energetically favored on these
plaquettes. Excitations of the model are one-dimensional ``flux tubes'' that
terminate at ``magnetic monopoles.'' Electric confinement can be driven by
thermal fluctuations of the flux tubes, by the quenched background of magnetic
monopoles, or by a combination of the two. Like the RBIM, the RPGM has enhanced
symmetry along a ``Nishimori line'' in the p-T plane (where T is the
temperature). The critical concentration p_c of wrong-sign plaquettes at the
confinement-Higgs phase transition along the Nishimori line can be identified
with the accuracy threshold for robust storage of quantum information using
topological error-correcting codes: if qubit phase errors, qubit bit-flip
errors, and errors in the measurement of local check operators all occur at
rates below p_c, then encoded quantum information can be protected perfectly
from damage in the limit of a large code block. Numerically, we measure p_{c0},
the critical concentration along the T=0 axis (a lower bound on p_c), finding
p_{c0}=.0293 +/- .0002. We also measure the critical concentration of
antiferromagnetic bonds in the two-dimensional RBIM on the T=0 axis, finding
p_{c0}=.1031 +/-.0001. Our value of p_{c0} is incompatible with the value of
p_c=.1093 +/-.0002 found in earlier numerical studies of the RBIM, in
disagreement with the conjecture that the phase boundary of the RBIM is
vertical (parallel to the T axis) below the Nishimori line.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, REVTeX, improved numerics and an additional
autho
Permanent magnets including undulators and wigglers
After a few historic remarks on magnetic materials we introduce the basic
definitions related to permanent magnets. The magnetic properties of the most
common materials are reviewed and the production processes are described.
Measurement techniques for the characterization of macroscopic and microscopic
properties of permanent magnets are presented. Field simulation techniques for
permanent magnet devices are discussed. Today, permanent magnets are used in
many fields. This article concentrates on the applications of permanent magnets
in accelerators starting from dipoles and quadrupoles on to wigglers and
undulators.Comment: 45 pages, presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2009:
Specialised Course on Magnets, Bruges, 16-25 June 200
Band selection and disentanglement using maximally-localized Wannier functions: the cases of Co impurities in bulk copper and the Cu (111) surface
We have adapted the maximally-localized Wannier function approach of [I.
Souza, N. Marzari and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 65, 035109 (2002)] to the
density functional theory based Siesta method [J. M. Soler et al., J. Phys.:
Cond. Mat. 14, 2745 (2002)] and applied it to the study of Co substitutional
impurities in bulk copper as well as to the Cu (111) surface. In the Co
impurity case, we have reduced the problem to the Co d-electrons and the Cu
sp-band, permitting us to obtain an Anderson-like Hamiltonian from well defined
density functional parameters in a fully orthonormal basis set. In order to
test the quality of the Wannier approach to surfaces, we have studied the
electronic structure of the Cu (111) surface by again transforming the density
functional problem into the Wannier representation. An excellent description of
the Shockley surface state is attained, permitting us to be confident in the
application of this method to future studies of magnetic adsorbates in the
presence of an extended surface state
Stimuli-responsive electrospun fibers and their applications
Stimuli-responsive electrospun nanofibers are gaining considerable attention as highly versatile tools which offer great potential in the biomedical field. In this critical review, an overview is given on recent advances made in the development and application of stimuli-responsive fibers. The specific features of these electrospun fibers are highlighted and discussed in view of the properties required for the diverse applications. Furthermore, several novel biomedical applications are discussed and the respective advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive electrospun fibers are addressed (136 references)
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