77,107 research outputs found
Component Based Electronic Voting Systems
An electronic voting system may be said to be composed by a number of components, each of which has a number of properties. One of the most attractive effects of this way of thinking is that each component may have an attached in-depth threat analysis and verification strategy. Furthermore, the need to include the full system when making changes to a component is minimised and a model at this level can be turned into a lower-level implementation model where changes made can cascade to as few parts of the actual implementation as possible
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E-voting in Brazil - the risks to democracy
Literature has shown that countries with strong democratic traditions, such as the United States and Canada, are not yet using electronic voting systems intensively, due to the concern for and emphasis on security. It has revealed that there is no such thing as an error-free computer system, let alone an electronic voting system, and that existing technology does not offer the conditions necessary for a reliable, accurate and secure electronic voting system. In this context, then, what are the risks of e-voting to democracy? In what ways, if at all, can more fragile, less mature democracies be buttressed with e-voting systems? As a key component of e-democracy, it seems that e-voting technologies are to become more secure and increasingly reliable in the near future and will indeed be adopted in many countries. In what ways, if at all, will the introduction of such systems increase voter confidence in the political system, promote citizen engagement in political life, and nurture the evolution of democracy? If both e-voting and edemocracy are emerging based on popular demand - that is, as a demand-driven alternative to current processes, then there is no doubt that they are likely to enhance and improve the efficiency of traditional democracy. However, if e-voting technology is being introduced based on a supply-driven fashion - the technology exists therefore it should and must be implemented - then the implications for democracy should be considered. Brazil's introduction of e-voting offers a cautionary tale of supply-driven technological implication. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the introduction of e-voting in Brazil is highly risky to democracy due to the lack of emphasis on security and the lack of a sociallyinformed and socially driven approach to technological innovation. The Brazilian example illustrates the democratic implications of a market-driven approach. The lack of a technology strategy designed to promote and extend democratic principles is not surprising given the closed door, market-based negotiations that led to the adoption of e-voting in Brazil. The promise, and indeed, the imperative of a democratic, voter-centered approach as an alternative for the development of an electronic voting system, is explored in the paper
Design and Implementation of Cast-as-Intended Verifiability for a Blockchain-Based Voting System
Digitization of electoral processes depends on confident systems that produce verifiable evidence. The design and implementation of voting systems has been widely studied in prior research, bringing together expertise in many fields. Switzerland is organized in a federal, decentralized structure of independent governmental entities. Thus, its decentralized structure is a real-world example for implementing an electronic voting system, where trust is distributed among multiple authorities.
This work outlines the design and implementation of a blockchain-based electronic voting system providing cast-as-intended verifiability. The generation of non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge enables every voter to verify the encrypted vote, while maintaining the secrecy of the ballot. The Public Bulletin Board (PBB) is a crucial component of every electronic voting system, serving as a publicly verifiable log of communication and ballots - here a blockchain is used as the PBB. Also, the required cryptographic operations are in linear relation to the number of voters, making the outlined system fit for large-scale elections
An Architectural Model for Component Groupware
This paper proposes an architectural model to facilitate the design of component-based groupware systems. This architectural model has been defined based on (1) three pre-defined component types, (2) a refinement strategy that relies on these component types, (3) the identification of layers of collaboration concerns, and (4) rules for the coupling and distribution of the components that implement these concerns. Our architectural model is beneficial for controlling the complexity of the development process, since it gives concrete guidance on the concerns to be considered and decomposition disciplines to be applied in each development step. The paper illustrates the application of this architectural model with an example of an electronic voting system
A Novel Hybrid Biometric Electronic Voting System: Integrating Finger Print and Face Recognition
A novel hybrid design based electronic voting system is proposed, implemented
and analyzed. The proposed system uses two voter verification techniques to
give better results in comparison to single identification based systems.
Finger print and facial recognition based methods are used for voter
identification. Cross verification of a voter during an election process
provides better accuracy than single parameter identification method. The
facial recognition system uses Viola-Jones algorithm along with rectangular
Haar feature selection method for detection and extraction of features to
develop a biometric template and for feature extraction during the voting
process. Cascaded machine learning based classifiers are used for comparing the
features for identity verification using GPCA (Generalized Principle Component
Analysis) and K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor). It is accomplished through comparing
the Eigen-vectors of the extracted features with the biometric template
pre-stored in the election regulatory body database. The results of the
proposed system show that the proposed cascaded design based system performs
better than the systems using other classifiers or separate schemes i.e. facial
or finger print based schemes. The proposed system will be highly useful for
real time applications due to the reason that it has 91% accuracy under nominal
light in terms of facial recognition. with bags of paper votes. The central
station compiles and publishes the names of winners and losers through
television and radio stations. This method is useful only if the whole process
is completed in a transparent way. However, there are some drawbacks to this
system. These include higher expenses, longer time to complete the voting
process, fraudulent practices by the authorities administering elections as
well as malpractices by the voters [1]. These challenges result in manipulated
election results
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Gaining assurance in a voter-verifiable voting system
The literature on e-voting systems has many examples of discussion of the correctness of the computer and communication algorithms of such systems, as well as discussions of their vulnerabilities. However, a gap in the literature concerns the practical need (before adoption of a specific e-voting system) for a complete case demonstrating that the system as a whole has sufficiently high probability of exhibiting the desired properties when in use in an actual election. This paper discusses the problem of producing such a case, with reference to a specific system: a version of the PrĂȘt Ă Voter scheme for voter-verifiable e-voting. We show a possible organisation of a case in terms of four main requirements â accuracy, privacy, termination and âtrustednessââ and show some of the detailed organisation that such a case should have, the diverse kinds of evidence that needs to be gathered and some of the interesting difficulties that arise
State of Alaska Election Security Project Phase 2 Report
A laskaâs election system is among the most secure in the country,
and it has a number of safeguards other states are now adopting. But
the technology Alaska uses to record and count votes could be improvedâ
and the stateâs huge size, limited road system, and scattered communities
also create special challenges for insuring the integrity of the vote.
In this second phase of an ongoing study of Alaskaâs election
security, we recommend ways of strengthening the systemânot only the
technology but also the election procedures. The lieutenant governor
and the Division of Elections asked the University of Alaska Anchorage to
do this evaluation, which began in September 2007.Lieutenant Governor Sean Parnell.
State of Alaska Division of Elections.List of Appendices / Glossary / Study Team / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Summary of Recommendations / Part 1 Defense in Depth / Part 2 Fortification of Systems / Part 3 Confidence in Outcomes / Conclusions / Proposed Statement of Work for Phase 3: Implementation / Reference
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