Title IV. Of Predial Servitudes or Servitudes of Land (Art. 646 - 822)

Chap. 1. General Principles (Art. 646 - 659) Chap. 2. Of Servitudes which Originate from the Natural Situation of the Places (Art. 660 - 663) Chap. 3. Of Servitudes Imposed by Law (Art. 664 - 708) Chap. 4. Of Conventional or Voluntary Servitudes (Art. 709 - 822)https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/la_civilcode_book_ii/1003/thumbnail.jp

Contributo allo studio del patto di famiglia (diritti dei legittimari e continuità dell'impresa)

Il presente lavoro propone un’analisi del patto di famiglia visto come fonte di rapporti obbligatori alternativa e concorrente al testamento. Secondo gli autori, in particolare, il patto di famiglia, costituisce una liberalità (art. 809 c.c.) dell'imprenditore avente ad oggetto il trasferimento dell'azienda o della partecipazione in cui il dovere degli assegnatari-beneficiari di liquidare le quote di riserva ai legittimari opera come condizione legale risolutiva a tutela dei diritti dei legittimari; secondo gli autori, inoltre, il dovere di liquidazione va inteso quale adempimento di un'obbligazione indivisibile ex art. 1316 c.c. con interessanti proposte applicative. Funzione tipica del patto di famiglia, in ultima analisi, è coniugare certezza ed efficienza nella gestione del passaggio generazionale dell'impresa garantendone integrità e continuità, con la giusta protezione delle ragioni individuali del legittimari alla liquidazione della quota di riserva, cioè con forza ed efficacia pari a quella che sarebbe loro riconosciuta in caso di successione mortis causa

Genetic Suppression of Basement Membrane Defects in Caenorhabditis elegans by Gain of Function in Extracellular Matrix and Cell-Matrix Attachment Genes.

Basement membranes are extracellular matrices essential for embryonic development in animals. Peroxidasins are extracellular peroxidases implicated in the unique sulfilimine cross-links between type IV basement membrane collagens. Loss of function in the Caenorhabditis elegans peroxidasin PXN-2 results in fully penetrant embryonic or larval lethality. Using genetic suppressor screening, we find that the requirement for PXN-2 in development can be bypassed by gain of function in multiple genes encoding other basement membrane components, or proteins implicated in cell-matrix attachment. We identify multiple alleles of let-805, encoding the transmembrane protein myotactin, which suppress phenotypes of pxn-2 null mutants and of other basement membrane mutants such as F-spondin/spon-1 These let-805 suppressor alleles cause missense alterations in two pairs of FNIII repeats in the extracellular domain; they act dominantly and have no detectable phenotypes alone, suggesting they cause gain of function. We also identify suppressor missense mutations affecting basement membrane components type IV collagen (emb-9, let-2) and perlecan (unc-52), as well as a mutation affecting spectraplakin (vab-10), a component of the epidermal cytoskeleton. These suppressor alleles do not bypass the developmental requirement for core structural proteins of the basement membrane such as laminin or type IV collagen. In conclusion, putative gain-of-function alterations in matrix proteins or in cell-matrix receptors can overcome the requirement for certain basement membrane proteins in embryonic development, revealing previously unknown plasticity in the genetic requirements for the extracellular matrix

Does syntax help discourse segmentation? Not so much

International audienceDiscourse segmentation is the first step in building discourse parsers. Most work on discourse segmentation does not scale to real-world discourse parsing across languages , for two reasons: (i) models rely on constituent trees, and (ii) experiments have relied on gold standard identification of sentence and token boundaries. We therefore investigate to what extent constituents can be replaced with universal dependencies , or left out completely, as well as how state-of-the-art segmenters fare in the absence of sentence boundaries. Our results show that dependency information is less useful than expected, but we provide a fully scalable, robust model that only relies on part-of-speech information, and show that it performs well across languages in the absence of any gold-standard annotation

Does syntax help discourse segmentation? Not so much

International audienceDiscourse segmentation is the first step in building discourse parsers. Most work on discourse segmentation does not scale to real-world discourse parsing across languages , for two reasons: (i) models rely on constituent trees, and (ii) experiments have relied on gold standard identification of sentence and token boundaries. We therefore investigate to what extent constituents can be replaced with universal dependencies , or left out completely, as well as how state-of-the-art segmenters fare in the absence of sentence boundaries. Our results show that dependency information is less useful than expected, but we provide a fully scalable, robust model that only relies on part-of-speech information, and show that it performs well across languages in the absence of any gold-standard annotation

An infrared, Raman, and X-ray database of battery interphase components

Further technological advancement of both lithium-ion and emerging battery technologies can be catalyzed by an improved understanding of the chemistry and working mechanisms of the solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) that form at electrochemically active battery interfaces. However, collecting and interpreting spectroscopy results of SEIs is difficult for several reasons, including the chemically diverse composition of SEIs. To address this challenge, we herein present a vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data library of ten suggested SEI chemical constituents relevant to both lithium-ion and emerging battery chemistries. The data library includes attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction data, collected in inert atmospheres afforded by custom designed sample holders. The data library presented in this work (and online repository) alleviates challenges with locating related work that is either diffusely spread throughout the literature, or is non-existent, and provides energy storage researchers streamlined access to vital SEI-relevant data that can catalyse future battery research efforts.Comment: JML and RK jointly supervised this work. 26 pages, 8 figures, 8 table

Brazilian Portuguese-Accented English Vowels in Running Speech

This study describes Brazilian Portuguese-accented English vowels acoustically by relying on the measurements obtained from an instrumental analysis using Praat. The goal is to assess the intelligibility of vowels produced by Brazilian L2 speakers of English. The standard methodology that has been applied to studies of General American English (GAE) vowels is adopted for this study. However, instead of measuring the vowels in citation form, this study measures the acoustic correlates of vowels in running speech style, which is not often found in Brazilian Portuguese speech analysis. The dataset that serves as the basis of this analysis comes from the Speech Accent Archive website, by Weinberger (2015). The participants are twenty Brazilian Portuguese speakers: 10 females and 10 males. Eleven monophthong vowels of English were analyzed. The participants recorded themselves reading an elicitation paragraph in which the vowels occur. The feature extraction methodology used in the analysis consisted in isolating, annotating, and measuring a set of three different words. The extracted features are F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, intensity, and duration. Just Noticeable Difference (JND) thresholds are used to determine whether Brazilian Portuguese-accented pronunciation of English vowels in running speech is intelligible to MN hearers. The acoustic vowel spaces are created from the formants F1 and F2. Based on Koffi’s (2019b) Acoustic Masking and Intelligibility (AMI) theory, the vowels produced by the Brazilian Portuguese speakers are analyzed internally and externally. The internal masking analysis shows how clearly the vowels produced by the Brazilian Portuguese speakers are perceived. The external masking analysis helps to determine if masking is found between the vowels produced by the Brazilian and GAE speakers. The discussion presented in this study is based on the measurements of 4,620 tokens. The pedagogical implications and applications are a result of the analyses. This study’s findings reveal that the kiss vowel [ɪ], the face vowel [e], the trap vowel [æ], the lot vowel [ɑ], the cloth vowel [ɔ], and the goat vowel [o] are the most problematic segments among Brazilian Portuguese speakers of English. It is recommended to focus on the pronunciation of [ɪ], [e], [æ], and [ɑ] as internal masking issues take pedagogical priority

Estimates for the Army -- for the year 1841. (To accompany bill H.R. no. 580.)

Estimates for the Army in 1841. 6 Jan. HD 47, 26-2, v2, 22p. [383] For barracks at Turkey River as a consequence of the removal of the Winnebagoes

A fully integrated GIS-based model of particulate waste distribution from marine fish-cage sites

Modern Geographical Information System (GIS) offers a powerful modelling environment capable of handling large databases. It is a very suitable environment in which to develop a suite of tools designed for environmental management of aquaculture sites, including carrying capacity prediction, land–water interactions and multi-site effects. One such tool, presented here, is a fully integrated and validated particulate fish waste dispersion module which uses mass balance to estimate waste input and takes account of variable bathymetry and variable settling velocity for feed and faecal components. The model also incorporates the effect of cage movement on waste dispersion, the first such model to do so. When tidal range was low (1.67 m), the maximum movement of a 22 m diameter circular cage was 10.1 m and 7.7 m easting and northing, respectively. Highest deposition from particulate fish waste is under the cage and incorporation of cage movement increased the effective area under a cage by 72%. This reduced peak deposition measurements by up to 32% and reduced the average modelled feed and faecal settlement at the cage centre by 23% and 11%, respectively. The model was validated by comparing model predictions with observed deposition measured using sediment traps during three 2-week field trips at a fish farm on the west coast of Scotland. The mean ratio of observed to predicted waste deposition at 5–25 m from the cage centre ranged from 0.9 to 1.06, whilst under the cage the model over-predicts deposition (observed/predicted=2.21). Although far-field data was seen to be comparable the near-field discrepancies resulted in variable overall accuracy in the model. The overall accuracy based on August 2001 data was ±50.9%, on February 2002, ±72.8% and on April 2002, ±50.6%. Summarizing the data resulted in an overall average predictive accuracy of ±58.1%. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved