222,842 research outputs found

    Artificial Intelligence Aggregating Opinions of a Group of People

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    This study deals with the problems of aggregating the opinions of a group of people in such a way that the quality of the group decision surpasses the quality of the decision of the most experienced individual within the group. The methods we have studied fall in the research domain of the so called collective intelligence. We provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in the collective intelligence. We describe the method based on adaptive boosting we have proposed aggregatig the opinions of a group of people. We have implemented a web application to gather opinions of people and used the application to collect data for the experimental analysis. The model problem was to identify whether there is or there is not a tumor present in the series of X-ray images of human lungs. We have compared our proposed method to conventional methods such as majority voting. We have concluded that our proposed method can be successfully used to aggregate opinions of a group of people to increase their collective intelligence above the level of the most successful individual within the group in many cases. We have observed that the highest increase in the collective intelligence may be achieved for intelligence wise homogeneous groups what confirms the results of previous studies

    Model for Human, Artificial & Collective Consciousness (Part I)

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    Borrowing the functional modeling approach common in systems and software engineering, an implementable model of the functions of human consciousness proposed to have the capacity for general problem solving ability transferable to any domain, or true self-aware intelligence, is presented. Being a functional model that is independent of implementation, this model is proposed to also be applicable to artificial consciousness, and to platforms that organize individuals into what is defined here as a first order collective consciousness, or at higher orders into what is defined here as Nth order collective consciousness. Part I of this two-part article includes: Summary; Introduction; Set of Postulates One; Set of Postulates Two; Overview of the Model; Model of Homeostasis; Model of the Functional Units; Model of the Body System; Model of the Other Basic Life Processes; Model of the Other Functional Systems; Model of Perceptions in the Perceptual Fields; Model of Body Processes as Paths in the Perceptual Field; & Model of Conscious Awarenes

    Model for Human, Artificial & Collective Consciousness (Part I)

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    Borrowing the functional modeling approach common in systems and software engineering, an implementable model of the functions of human consciousness proposed to have the capacity for general problem solving ability transferable to any domain, or true self-aware intelligence, is presented. Being a functional model that is independent of implementation, this model is proposed to also be applicable to artificial consciousness, and to platforms that organize individuals into what is defined here as a first order collective consciousness, or at higher orders into what is defined here as Nth order collective consciousness. Part I of this two-part article includes: Summary; Introduction; Set of Postulates One; Set of Postulates Two; Overview of the Model; Model of Homeostasis; Model of the Functional Units; Model of the Body System; Model of the Other Basic Life Processes; Model of the Other Functional Systems; Model of Perceptions in the Perceptual Fields; Model of Body Processes as Paths in the Perceptual Field; & Model of Conscious Awarenes

    Territorial intelligence, a collective challenge for sustainable development: A scoping review

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    Territorial Intelligence is a practice devoted to obtaining, analysing and valuing information and knowledge about a territory and its environment to design and implement territorial plans on strategic matters. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview about the meaning of Territorial Intelligence in academic literature covering the definitions of the concept and the main topics involved. A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR method has been carried out. Online databases were used to identify scientific articles and theses published between 2000 and 2020, from which, after screening, 33 key documents were selected, mainly of French origin. Qualitative analyses were performed following the technique of the Seven Key Questions (7W). Territorial Intelligence began in France as an application of Economic Intelligence, but it is becoming an autonomous discipline, expanding to other countries and generating specific applications, such as Tourist Intelligence, in the last decade. It is concluded that three elements characterize current Territorial Intelligence: the consideration as a collective process that involves the participation of multiple agents, the integration of external sources of information with territorial agents'' own internal knowledge and a focus on collaboration to promote sustainable development with a global vision

    Power through things: following traces of collective intelligence in internet of things

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    Purpose – it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the input Internet of Things (IoT) has to offer in the development of public, business and other societal structures. Therefore, this paper seeks to determine the current state of knowledge in the field of IoT in terms of wisdom creation and emergence of collective intelligence. First, we discuss the concept of collective intelligence and then define the phenomena of IoT and identify the areas of its application. Later, the author reviews how intelligent outputs of IoT are defined in the scientific literature. These findings of theoretical investigation may shed some light on the research field that is promising but still very vague. Design/methodology/approach – this article provides a general overview of IoT concept and its growing relation to collective intelligence. Methods of document analysis and content analysis were applied. Theoretical analysis enabled recognition of IoT phenomena in relation to wisdom creation and emergence of collective intelligence. Findings – general overview of the field revealed that new understanding of collective intelligence surfaces. Often intelligent behaviour and decisions emerge from ever-increasing cooperation between ‘things’ and humans. The variety of new concepts and authors trying to describe relationship of ‘things’ with each other and humans when creating intelligent outcomes revealed that this field is still in its very infancy and needs considerable amount of industry and scientific efforts to be understood and executed. Research limitations – although the paper has successfully demonstrated that IoT provides vast amounts of data for people to process and create knowledge, this could be considered only as an initial phase in studying the field. IoT and its intelligent outcomes need more investigation in terms of real life case studies and industry reviews in order to create valid definitions, models and future guidelines. Practical implications – this study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge on Internet of Things and could be used as theoretical background for further analysis of emergence of collective intelligence in interactive networks of people and things. Value – to date there has been little research summarising scientific efforts in the field of IoT. This paper provides a general overview of the knowledge on IoT and could be used as guidelines for further research

    The Network Dynamics Of Social Influence In The Wisdom Of Crowds

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    Research on the wisdom of crowds is motivated by the observation that the average belief in a large group can be accurate even when group members are individually inaccurate. A common theoretical assumption in previous research is that accurate group beliefs can emerge only when group members are statistically independent. However, network models of belief formation suggest that the effect of social influence depends on the structure of social networks. We present a theoretical overview and two experimental studies showing that, under the right conditions, social influence can improve the accuracy of both individual group members and the group as a whole. The results support the argument that interacting groups can produce collective intelligence that surpasses the collected intelligence of independent individuals

    Embodied Evolution in Collective Robotics: A Review

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    This paper provides an overview of evolutionary robotics techniques applied to on-line distributed evolution for robot collectives -- namely, embodied evolution. It provides a definition of embodied evolution as well as a thorough description of the underlying concepts and mechanisms. The paper also presents a comprehensive summary of research published in the field since its inception (1999-2017), providing various perspectives to identify the major trends. In particular, we identify a shift from considering embodied evolution as a parallel search method within small robot collectives (fewer than 10 robots) to embodied evolution as an on-line distributed learning method for designing collective behaviours in swarm-like collectives. The paper concludes with a discussion of applications and open questions, providing a milestone for past and an inspiration for future research.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
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