10,397 research outputs found
How much do needlestick injuries cost? a systematic review of the economic evaluations of needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare personnel
objective. To provide an overview of the economic aspects of needlestick and sharps injury (NSI) management among healthcare personnel
(HCP) within a Health Technology Assessment project to evaluate the impact of safety-engineered devices on health care
methods. A systematic review of economic analyses related to NSIs was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and by searching
PubMed and Scopus databases (January 1997–February 2015). Mean costs were stratified by study approach (modeling or data driven) and type of
cost (direct or indirect). Costs were evaluated using the CDC operative definition and converted to 2015 International US dollars (Int747 (range, Int1,691).
The medians of the means for disaggregated costs were Int48–Int322 (range, Int413) for indirect costs (6 studies). When compared with data-driven studies, modeling studies had higher disaggregated and aggregated costs, but
data-driven studies showed greater variability. Indirect costs were consistent between studies, mostly referring to lost productivity, while direct costs
varied widely within and between studies according to source infectivity, HCP susceptibility, and post-exposure diagnostic and prophylactic protocols.
Costs of treating infections were not included, and intangible costs could equal those associated with NSI medical evaluations.
conclusions. NSIs generate significant direct, indirect, potential, and intangible costs, possibly increasing over time. Economic efforts
directed at preventing occupational exposures and infections, including provision of safety-engineered devices, may be offset by the savings from
a lower incidence of NSIs
Emerging Phishing Trends and Effectiveness of the Anti-Phishing Landing Page
Each month, more attacks are launched with the aim of making web users
believe that they are communicating with a trusted entity which compels them to
share their personal, financial information. Phishing costs Internet users
billions of dollars every year. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
created an anti-phishing landing page supported by Anti-Phishing Working Group
(APWG) with the aim to train users on how to prevent themselves from phishing
attacks. It is used by financial institutions, phish site take down vendors,
government organizations, and online merchants. When a potential victim clicks
on a phishing link that has been taken down, he / she is redirected to the
landing page. In this paper, we present the comparative analysis on two
datasets that we obtained from APWG's landing page log files; one, from
September 7, 2008 - November 11, 2009, and other from January 1, 2014 - April
30, 2014. We found that the landing page has been successful in training users
against phishing. Forty six percent users clicked lesser number of phishing
URLs from January 2014 to April 2014 which shows that training from the landing
page helped users not to fall for phishing attacks. Our analysis shows that
phishers have started to modify their techniques by creating more legitimate
looking URLs and buying large number of domains to increase their activity. We
observed that phishers are exploiting ICANN accredited registrars to launch
their attacks even after strict surveillance. We saw that phishers are trying
to exploit free subdomain registration services to carry out attacks. In this
paper, we also compared the phishing e-mails used by phishers to lure victims
in 2008 and 2014. We found that the phishing e-mails have changed considerably
over time. Phishers have adopted new techniques like sending promotional
e-mails and emotionally targeting users in clicking phishing URLs
A Word Sense-Oriented User Interface for Interactive Multilingual Text Retrieval
In this paper we present an interface for supporting a user in an interactive cross-language search process using semantic classes. In order to enable users to access multilingual information, different problems have to be solved: disambiguating and translating the query words, as well as categorizing and presenting the results appropriately. Therefore, we first give a brief introduction to word sense disambiguation, cross-language text retrieval and document categorization and finally describe recent achievements of our research towards an interactive multilingual retrieval system. We focus especially on the problem of browsing and navigation of the different word senses in one source and possibly several target languages. In the last part of the paper, we discuss the developed user interface and its functionalities in more detail
Henry Hallam revisited
Although Henry Hallam (1777–1859) is best known for his Constitutional History of England (1827) and as a founder of ‘whig’ history, to situate him primarily as a mere critic of David Hume or as an apprentice to Thomas Babington Macaulay does him a disservice. He wrote four substantial books of which the first, his View of the state of Europe during the middle ages (1818), deserves to be seen as the most important; and his correspondence shows him to have been integrated into the contemporary intelligentsia in ways that imply more than the Whig acolyte customarily portrayed by commentators. This article re-situates Hallam by thinking across both time and space and depicts a significant historian whose filiations reached to Europe and North America. It proposes that Hallam did not originate the whig interpretation of history but rather that he created a sense of the past resting on law and science which would be reasserted in the age of Darwin.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
User experiments with the Eurovision cross-language image retrieval system
In this paper we present Eurovision, a text-based system for cross-language (CL) image retrieval.
The system is evaluated by multilingual users for two search tasks with the system configured in
English and five other languages. To our knowledge this is the first published set of user
experiments for CL image retrieval. We show that: (1) it is possible to create a usable multilingual
search engine using little knowledge of any language other than English, (2) categorizing images
assists the user's search, and (3) there are differences in the way users search between the proposed
search tasks. Based on the two search tasks and user feedback, we describe important aspects of
any CL image retrieval system
False News On Social Media: A Data-Driven Survey
In the past few years, the research community has dedicated growing interest
to the issue of false news circulating on social networks. The widespread
attention on detecting and characterizing false news has been motivated by
considerable backlashes of this threat against the real world. As a matter of
fact, social media platforms exhibit peculiar characteristics, with respect to
traditional news outlets, which have been particularly favorable to the
proliferation of deceptive information. They also present unique challenges for
all kind of potential interventions on the subject. As this issue becomes of
global concern, it is also gaining more attention in academia. The aim of this
survey is to offer a comprehensive study on the recent advances in terms of
detection, characterization and mitigation of false news that propagate on
social media, as well as the challenges and the open questions that await
future research on the field. We use a data-driven approach, focusing on a
classification of the features that are used in each study to characterize
false information and on the datasets used for instructing classification
methods. At the end of the survey, we highlight emerging approaches that look
most promising for addressing false news
Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database
We describe an online database for extra-solar planetary-mass candidates,
updated regularly as new data are available. We first discuss criteria for the
inclusion of objects in the catalog: "definition" of a planet and several
aspects of the confidence level of planet candidates. {\bf We are led to point
out the conflict between sharpness of belonging or not to a catalogue and
fuzziness of the confidence level.} We then describe the different tables of
extra-solar planetary systems, including unconfirmed candidates (which will
ultimately be confirmed, or not, by direct imaging). It also provides online
tools: histogrammes of planet and host star data, cross-correlations between
these parameters and some VO services. Future evolutions of the database are
presented.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics (revised version
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