Leveraging synergy of SDWN and multi-layer resource management for 5G networks

Fifth-generation (5G) networks are envisioned to predispose service-oriented and flexible edge-to-core infrastructure to offer diverse applications. Convergence of software-defined networking (SDN), software-defined radio (SDR), and virtualization on the concept of software-defined wireless networking (SDWN) is a promising approach to support such dynamic networks. The principal technique behind the 5G-SDWN framework is the separation of control and data planes, from deep core entities to edge wireless access points. This separation allows the abstraction of resources as transmission parameters of users. In such user-centric and service-oriented environment, resource management plays a critical role to achieve efficiency and reliability. In this paper, we introduce a converged multi-layer resource management (CML-RM) framework for SDWN-enabled 5G networks, that involves a functional model and an optimization framework. In such framework, the key questions are if 5G-SDWN can be leveraged to enable CML-RM over the portfolio of resources, and reciprocally, if CML-RM can effectively provide performance enhancement and reliability for 5G-SDWN. In this paper, we tackle these questions by proposing a flexible protocol structure for 5G-SDWN, which can handle all the required functionalities in a more cross-layer manner. Based on this, we demonstrate how the proposed general framework of CML-RM can control the end-user quality of experience. Moreover, for two scenarios of 5G-SDWN, we investigate the effects of joint user-association and resource allocation via CML-RM to improve performance in virtualized networks

Forelimb Bone Morphology and its Association with Foraging Ecology in Four Families of Neotropical Bats

The form-function paradigm postulates the existence of a correlation between form and function; a remarkable example of this is the transformation of the forelimb of bats into wings. The wings of bats are complex structures made of membranes, muscles, tendons, cartilages, bones, and joints. Forelimb bones are critical elements of wings because they form an essential part of the alar mass, serve to support soft tissue, and resist deformations. Only a few studies have attempted to detect relationships between morphology and ecology of the forelimb bones in bats in an assemblage context. Here, we explored ecomorphological patterns of 180 specimens belonging to 22 genera and 37 species of four families, occurring in northern Argentina. We quantitatively characterized bones and analyzed their relation with wing shape, as described by aerodynamic parameters, and ecological habits in a phylogenetic context. For the analyses, we used eight ecological categories, five wing variables that included three aerodynamic indexes, 29 linear measurements of the bones (humerus, radius, and scapula), and lengths of digits III and V. As expected, specimens distribution in morphospace showed that species tend to be segregated on the basis of size and morphology. Interestingly, Molossidae and Lasiurini occupy nearby areas in the morphospace, which can reveal patterns of functional convergences between them. A significant correlation between wing shape and morphology of forelimb bones was detected, showing a link between the latter and aerodynamic variables. We observed a remarkable morphological variation in the structures of the proximal and distal ends of the humerus, the proximal end of the radius, and in the acromion of the scapula. Our results highlight that these variations reflect the degrees of specialization in different modes of flight and ecological habits. We also observed that phylogeny explained in part the morphological patterns and shows a strong covariation with ecological habits, finding different phylogenetic patterns among the main lineages (Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, and Phyllostomidae).Fil: Sanchez, Mariano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Luz Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

A study of the characteristics and the performance of different types of steam locomotives : by means of speed-time and speed-distance curves

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Illinois, 1909.Typescript

A Broad-band Spectral and Timing Study of the X-Ray Binary System Centaurus X-3

This dissertation describes a multi-mission investigation of the high mass X-ray binary pulsar Centaurus X-3. Cen X-3 was observed with the Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) in December 1990. This was the first high-resolution solid state X-ray spectrometer to cover the iron K fluorescence region. The Fe K emission feature was resolved into two components for the first time. A broad 6.7 keV feature was found to be a blend of lines from Fe XXI-Fe XXVI with energies ranging from 6.6 to 6.9 keV due to photoionization of the companion's stellar wind. A narrow line at 6.4 keV due to fluorescence of iron in relatively low ionization states was also found. The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) at about 40 mHz were used to estimate the surface magnetic field of Cen X-3 as approx. 2.6 x 10(exp 12) G and to predict that there should be a cyclotron scattering resonance absorption feature (CSRF) near 30 keV. In order to further resolve the iron line complex and to investigate the pulse-phase dependence of the iron line intensities, Cen X-3 was observed with the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA). Using ASCA's state-of-the-art non-dispersive X-ray spectrometers the 6.4 keV fluorescent iron line was found to be pulsing while the intensities of the 6.7 and 6.9 keV recombination lines do not vary with pulse phase. This confirms that the 6.4 keV line is due to reflection by relatively neutral matter close to the neutron star while the recombination lines originate in the extended stellar wind. The continuum spectrum was found to be modified by reflection from matter close to the neutron star. Observations with the EXOSAT GSPC were used to search for a CSRF. The EXOSAT spectra were consistent with the presence of a CSRF but an unambiguous detection was not possible because of a lack of sensitivity at energies higher than the cyclotron energy. Cen X-3 was then observed with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and evidence for a CSRF at 25.1 +/- 0.3 keV was found. This corresponds to a magnetic field of (2.16 +/- 0.03) X 10(exp 12) G and is consistent with the value obtained from the QPO analysis

Leveraging synergy of SDWN and multi‐layer resource management for 5G networks

This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Networks and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at the IET Digital Library.Fifth-generation (5G) networks are envisioned to predispose service-oriented and flexible edge-to-core infrastructure to offer diverse applications. Convergence of software-defined networking (SDN), software-defined radio (SDR), and virtualization on the concept of software-defined wireless networking (SDWN) is a promising approach to support such dynamic networks. The principal technique behind the 5G-SDWN framework is the separation of control and data planes, from deep core entities to edge wireless access points. This separation allows the abstraction of resources as transmission parameters of users. In such user-centric and service-oriented environment, resource management plays a critical role to achieve efficiency and reliability. In this paper, we introduce a converged multi-layer resource management (CML-RM) framework for SDWN-enabled 5G networks, that involves a functional model and an optimization framework. In such framework, the key questions are if 5G-SDWN can be leveraged to enable CML-RM over the portfolio of resources, and reciprocally, if CML-RM can effectively provide performance enhancement and reliability for 5G-SDWN. In this paper, we tackle these questions by proposing a flexible protocol structure for 5G-SDWN, which can handle all the required functionalities in a more cross-layer manner. Based on this, we demonstrate how the proposed general framework of CML-RM can control the end-user quality of experience. Moreover, for two scenarios of 5G-SDWN, we investigate the effects of joint user-association and resource allocation via CML-RM to improve performance in virtualized networks