22,136 research outputs found

    Revisão taxonómica do género Calendula L. (Asteraceae - Calenduleae) na Península Ibérica e Marrocos

    Get PDF
    The genus Calendula L. (Asteraceae - Calenduleae) includes, depending on the author, 10 to 25 species, distributed mainly in the Mediterranean basin. The taxonomy of this genus is considered to be extremely difficult, due to a great morphological variability, doubtfull relevance of some of the characters used to distinguish its species (e.g. the life form: annual or perennial; the habit: erect or diffuse, shape of the leaves, indumentum, relative size of the capitula and colour of disc or ray florets, achene morphology), but also due to the hybridization and polyploidization. Despite the numerous studies that have been published, no agreement on the classification and characters used to discriminate between taxa has been reached. A taxonomic study of the genus Calendula was conducted for the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, aiming at (1) access the morphological variability between and within taxa, (2) confirm the chromosome numbers, (3) increase the nuclear DNA content estimations, (4) re-evaluate taxa delimitations and circumscription, and (5) reassess, and redefine, the descriptions and characters useful to distinguish taxa. In order to achieve a satisfying taxonomic core, extensive fieldwork, detailed morphometric analysis, chorological, karyological and genome size studies were conducted. For the Iberian Peninsula, four species were recognized, including nine subspecies (between these two new subspecies were described). For Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia 13 species were recognized (two new species and a nomenclatural change), including 15 subspecies (among these eight new subspecies were described). To corroborate the results obtained and to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among taxa, phylogenetic studies using molecular methods, such as ITS, microsatellites or other molecular markers, should be used.O género Calendula L. (Asteraceae - Calenduleae) inclui, dependendo do autor, 10 a 25 espécies, distribuídas essencialmente na bacia do Mediterrâneo. A taxonomia deste género é considerada extremamente difícil, devido à grande variabilidade morfológica, discutivel relevância de alguns dos caracteres utilizados para distinguir suas espécies (por exemplo, a forma de vida: anual ou perene, o hábito: erecto ou difuso, a forma das folhas, o indumento, o tamanho e a cor dos capítulos e a morfologia dos aquénios), mas também devido à hibridização e poliploidização. Apesar dos inúmeros estudos que foram publicados, não foi alcançado um acordo sobre a classificação e os caracteres utilizados para discriminar as suas espécies. Um estudo taxonómico do género Calendula foi realizado para a Península Ibérica e Marrocos, com o objectivo de (1) verificar a variabilidade morfológica, (2) confirmar o número de cromossomas, (3) aumentar as estimativas de conteúdo em ADN, (4) reavaliar a delimitação e a circunscrição dos taxa, e (5) reavaliar e redefinir as descrições e caracteres úteis para os distinguir. Para alcançar uma robustês taxonómica satisfatória, foram realizados extensos trabalhos de campo, análise morfométrica detalhada, abordagens corológicas, cariológicas e quanto ao conteúdo em ADN. Para a Península Ibérica, quatro espécies foram reconhecidas, incluindo nove subespécies (entre essas duas novas subespécies foram descritas). Para Marrocos, incluindo alguns taxa da Argelia e Tunisia, foram reconhecidas 13 espécies (duas novas e uma mudança nomenclatural), incluindo 15 subespécies (entre essas oito novas subespécies foram descritas). Para corroborar os resultados obtidos e avaliar as relações evolutivas e filogenéticas entre os taxa, estudos que utilizem diferentes métodos moleculares, tais como ITS, microsatélites ou outros marcadores moleculares, devem ser utilizados.Apoio financeiro do Laboratório Associado CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (AMB/50017) financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT/MCTES e cofinanciado pelo FEDER (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638), no âmbito do Acordo de Parceria PT2020, e Compete 2020Programa Doutoral em Biologi

    „Ich war mutig“: Eine qualitative Studie zur Rekonstruktion kindlicher Perspektiven auf Erfahrungen im pferdegestützten Setting

    Get PDF
    Das vorliegende kumulative Dissertationsprojekt besteht aus fünf Fachbeiträgen und befasst sich mit pferdegestützten Interventionen aus der Perspektive von Kindern. Zunächst wird eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Forschungsfeld tiergestützter Interventionen vorgenommen, da hier häufig Erklärungsansätze herangezogen werden, die wissenschaftlich nicht abgesichert sind. Diese Ansätze sollen in der eigenen Arbeit nicht reproduziert werden. Für die Erhebung des Forschungsstandes werden Studien herangezogen, welche sich mit der psychischen, sozialen und emotionalen Wirkung pferdegestützter Interventionen bei Kindern befassen. Das bearbeitete Forschungsdesiderat ergab sich aus der Betrachtung bestehender Studien, da die Kinderperspektive in diesem Zusammenhang bisher kaum wissenschaftlich betrachtet wurde. Um zu verstehen, was für Kinder an pferdegestützten Interventionen relevant ist, wird ein Forschungsdesign verwendet, welches die Kinder in den Forschungsprozess einbezieht, sodass sie ihre eigenen Relevanzen explizieren können. Somit wird eine neue Perspektive auf bestehende Forschungsergebnisse eröffnet, welche ein tieferes Verständnis für die Wirkweisen pferdegestützter Interventionen bietet und die Möglichkeit zur Evaluation der praktischen Durchführung beinhaltet. Die Ergebnisse beruhen auf der Befragung von 23 Kindern die wöchentlich an einer pferdegestützten Intervention teilnahmen. Die meisten der Kinder lebten zum Zeitpunkt des Interviews in Einrichtungen der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und nicht bei ihren Familien und standen somit unter erhöhter psychosozialer Belastung. Wie Kinder pferdegestützte Förderung wahrnehmen, wird mit Hilfe von offenen Leitfadeninterviews und der Grounded Theory herausgearbeitet. Als zusätzliche Ausdrucksmöglichkeit der Kinder wurden Bilder, die sie vom pferdegestützten Setting malten, als ergänzendes Material genutzt und mittels Segmentanalyse ausgewertet. Am Ende der Arbeit ist festzuhalten, dass in pferdegestützten Interventionen, mit dem Ziel der Förderung von mentaler Gesundheit, reitpädagogische Fachkräfte Situationen mit Pferden konstruieren, die das interpersonale Vertrauen und das Selbstvertrauen von Kindern stärken, indem gezielt die Bewältigung von Herausforderungen mit dem Pferd unterstützend angeleitet wird. Insbesondere die zentrale Rolle der reitpädagogischen Fachkraft sowie relevante Wirkfaktoren werden vertieft betrachtet

    Elite perceptions of the Victorian and Edwardian past in inter-war England

    Get PDF
    It is often argued by historians that members of the cultivated Elite after 1918 rejected the pre-war past. or at least subjected it to severe denigration. This thesis sets out to challenge such a view. Above all, it argues that inter-war critics of the Victorian and Edwardian past were unable to reject it even if that was what they felt inclined to do. This was because they were tied to those periods by the affective links of memory, family, and the continually unfolding consequences of the past in the present. Even the severest critics of the pre-war world, such as Lytton Strachey, were less frequently dismissive of history than ambivalent towards it. This ambivalence, it is argued, helped to keep the past alive and often to humanise it. The thesis also explores more positive estimation of Victorian and Edwardian history between the wars. It examines nostalgia for the past, as well as instances of continuity of practice and attitude. It explores the way in which inter-war society drew upon aspects of Victorian and Edwardian history both as illuminating parallels to contemporary affairs and to understand directly why the present was shaped as it was. Again, this testifies to the enduring power of the past after 1918. There are three parts to this thesis. Part One outlines the cultural context in which writers contemplated the Victorian and Edwardian past. Part Two explores some of the ways in which history was written about and used by inter-war society. Part Three examines the ways in which biographical depictions of eminent Victorians after 1918 encouraged emotional negotiation with the pas

    Northern Powerhouses: the homes of the industrial elite, c.1780-1875

    Get PDF
    This thesis explores the world of the industrial elites of Manchester and Liverpool in the period c.1780-1875, through their houses. The homes of the industrial elites, namely merchants and manufacturers, were extremely important tangible communicators of wealth, taste, and comfort. Whilst status-building was closely connected to the house, this thesis argues that the industrial elites carved their own identities into their domestic spheres and that emulation was not solely linked with aspiration. The findings of this thesis are based around its three research aims regarding the changing location of houses in Manchester and Liverpool in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the appearance and use of houses, and the daily routines and involvement of the industrial elite in their domestic routines. An analysis of elite residential patterns in Manchester and Liverpool across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has created a more nuanced look at urban geographies of the region in this period. Though some residential patterns differed because of economic and political structure, a key finding has been that the process of suburbanisation in and around Manchester and Liverpool commenced earlier than previous scholarship has suggested. Suburbanisation among the elites began in the latter decades of the eighteenth century and into the early decades of the nineteenth century, with elite suburban communities being firmly established by the 1820s. This thesis discovered that despite socio-economic and political differences, the industrial elites of Manchester and Liverpool used their houses, gardens, and landed estates in very similar ways. This was a result of conformity which arose from emulation at both a community-based level and the emulation and aspiration of elite, gentrified lifestyle. Also, the merchants and manufacturers analysed within this work were involved in their home at every level of domesticity, from the construction of the house to the financial management of the household, although this latter theme was often a cooperative effort between spouses and family members, adding more to our understanding of gender, domesticity, and familial relations. Through detailed case studies and a combination of sources, the private lives of the industrial elites have been revaluated and redefined, including showing how their houses functions metaphorically and in reality

    Metaphors of London fog, smoke and mist in Victorian and Edwardian Art and Literature

    Get PDF
    Julian Wolfreys has argued that after 1850 writers employed stock images of the city without allowing them to transform their texts. This thesis argues, on the contrary, that metaphorical uses of London fog were complex and subtle during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, at least until 1914. Fog represented, in particular, formlessness and the dissolution of boundaries. Examining the idea of fog in literature, verse, newspaper accounts and journal articles, as well as in the visual arts, as part of a common discourse about London and the state of its inhabitants, this thesis charts how the metaphorical appropriation of this idea changed over time. Four of Dickens's novels are used to track his use of fog as part of a discourse of the natural and unnatural in individual and society, identifying it with London in progressively more negative terms. Visual representations of fog by Constable, Turner, Whistler, Monet, Markino, O'Connor, Roberts and Wyllie and Coburn showed an increasing readiness to engage with this discourse. Social tensions in the city in the 1880s were articulated in art as well as in fiction. Authors like Hay and Barr showed the destruction of London by its fog because of its inhabitants' supposed degeneracy. As the social threat receded, apocalyptic scenarios gave way to a more optimistic view in the work of Owen and others. Henry James used fog as a metaphorical representation of the boundaries of gendered behaviour in public, and the problems faced by women who crossed them. The dissertation also examines fog and individual transgression, in novels and short stories by Lowndes, Stevenson, Conan Doyle and Joseph Conrad. After 1914, fog was no more than a crude signifier of Victorian London in literature, film and, later, television, deployed as a cliche instead of the subtle metaphorical idea discussed in this thesis

    What’s Epistemic About Epistemic Paternalism?

    Get PDF
    The aim of this paper is to (i) examine the concept of epistemic paternalism and (ii) explore the consequences of normative questions one might ask about it. I begin by critically examining several definitions of epistemic paternalism that have been proposed, and suggesting ways they might be improved. I then contrast epistemic and general paternalism and argue that it’s difficult to see what makes epistemic paternalism an epistemic phenomenon at all. Next, I turn to the various normative questions one might ask about epistemic paternalism and discuss the literature’s assumptions of epistemic consequentialism and veritism. I close by comparing and contrasting epistemic paternalism with other topics in social epistemology, such as disagreement or testimony

    Filling in the Gap: A quantitative analysis of dental restoration types among body donors of Asian descent at the Mann-Labrash Osteological Collection

    Get PDF
    The Mann-Labrash Osteological Collection at the University of Hawai’i John A. Burns School of Medicine houses over 230 skeletal remains amassed through the Willed Body Program. Of these donors, seventy-eight were of East and Southeast Asian American and Pacific Islander descent. This unique collection offers an exciting opportunity for skeletal analyses of these populations left understudied in the body of anthropological scientific literature. This thesis explores the dietary causes of dental disease and dental restorations from the past to the present. Additionally, macroscopic analyses and Chi-square statistical tests determined which sex cohorts utilized dental restorative prostheses in life. Also addressed are the socioeconomic determinants of dental care access among these underrepresented groups. Lastly, because of the marginal availability of East and Southeast Asian American and Pacific Islander skeletal remains in US reference collections, an examination of death ideologies and organ donor hesitancies held by these communities are reviewed

    El desmantelamiento de las fronteras. Análisis comparativo de las actividades mercantiles de las mujeres en Brabante y Vizcaya, ca. 1420-ca. 1550

    Get PDF
    RESUMEN En Dismantling the Borders comparo las actividades laborales de mujeres en Brabante y Bizkaia de 1420 a 1550. Historiadores especializados en género han estado debatiendo las diferencias en las oportunidades laborales de mujeres premodernas en el norte y en el sur de Europa. Algunos investigadores argumentan que las diferencias en las estructuras legales y familiares conllevaron menos oportunidades económicas para las mujeres en el sur de Europa. En mi estudio, reevalúo este debate y argumento que se han de reevaluar los contextos locales, en concreto, las instituciones responsables de la organización del trabajo en las diferentes regiones. En las ciudades Brabantinas – Malinas y Amberes – la mayor parte de las ocupaciones estaban organizadas en gremio, unas instituciones extremadamente patriarcales y masculinizadas. Por ende, el trabajo de las mujeres dependía en gran medida de su estatus familiar y social. La ausencia de estas instituciones en Bilbao – la ciudad Bizkaína estudiada – favoreció unas oportunidades laborales más independientes para las mujeres activas en sectores del mercado laboral poco lucrativos.ABSTRACT In Dismantling the Borders I compare women’s labour opportunities in Brabant and Biscay from 1420 to 1550. Scholars studying gender in premodern Europe have been debating differences in premodern women’s labour opportunities in northern and southern Europe. Some scholars have argued that diverging family structures and legal structures in the two regions resulted in better economic positions for women in northern Europe. In my research project, I reassess this debate and argue for involving local contexts in the regional comparison – more specifically the institutions responsible for the organization of work. In the Brabantine case studies, Antwerp and Mechelen, most occupations were organized in guilds – extremely patriarchal and masculine institutions. As a result of this organization in guilds, women’s labour opportunities in Brabant were highly dependent on their social status and marital status. In Bilbao – the Biscayan case study – occupations were rarely organized in such corporations, resulting in more independent labour opportunities for women active in less lucrative market sectors in the town

    Protestant Christian Supremacy and Status Inequality

    Get PDF
    In the United States, Protestant Christian identity is the dominant religious identity. Protestant Christian identity confers status privileges, yet also creates objectionable status inequalities. Historical and contemporary evidence includes the unfair treatment of Mormons, Native Americans, Muslims, and other religious minorities. Protestant Christian supremacy also plays a significant role in bolstering anti LGBTQ prejudice, xenophobia, and white supremacy. Ways that Protestant Christian identity correlates with objectionable status inequalities are often neglected in contemporary political philosophy. This paper aims to make a modest contribution towards filling that gap. Some forms of inequality linked to Protestant Christian supremacy can be characterized as domination and oppression. Other instances include barriers to fair equality of opportunity for self-determination. Adapting ideas from egalitarian political philosophy I propose an analysis of objectionable status inequality rooted in Protestant Christian supremacy. Alan Patten’s defense of an egalitarian principle for assessing the effects of law and policy is helpful for this task
    corecore