Businessman Candidates

In immature democracies, businessmen run for public office to gain direct control over policy, whereas in mature democracies they typically rely on other means of influence. We develop a simple model to show that businessmen run for office only when two conditions hold. First, as in many immature democracies, institutions which make reneging on campaign promises costly must be poorly developed. In such environments, office holders have monopoly power which can be used to extract rents, and businessmen may run to capture those rents. Second, however, the returns to businessmen from policy influence must not be too large, as otherwise the endogenous rents from holding office draw professional politicians into the race, crowding out businessmen candidates. Analysis of data on Russian gubernatorial elections supports these predictions, showing that 1) businessman candidates are less likely in regions with high media freedom and government transparency, institutions which raise the cost of reneging on campaign promises, and 2) businessman candidates are less likely in regions where returns to policy influence (measured by regional resource abundance) are large, but only where media are unfree and government nontransparent.

China’s influence on Taiwan’s media and politics

Taiwan’s democracy and freedom of the press provide the Chinese authorities with an opportunity to use Taiwanese businessmen to influence Taiwan’s media outlets and politics. China uses three inter-related strategies to influence Taiwan’s media in this way: persuading businessmen with pro-China views to purchase Taiwanese media outlets, pressuring existing media owners, and placing advertisements in Taiwan’s media in order to purchase political influence. In addition, the Chinese government also employs cyber-propaganda strategy to attack Taiwanese political parties and politicians

RESEARCH ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND THE LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE ETIQUETTE OF GIVING AND RECEIVING BUSINESS GIFTS AMONG CHINESE AND INDONESIAN BUSINESSMEN

In international business exchanges, in order to enhance the cooperative relationship between the two sides, businessmen often give gifts to each other. This act of giving and receiving has thus become an important diplomatic protocol. The subjects of this study are Chinese businessmen and Indonesian businessmen. As we all know, China is Indonesia's largest trading partner. Therefore, the author decided to conduct a comparative study on the current situation and understanding of business gift giving and receiving etiquette between Chinese and Indonesian businessmen. The research type of this study is quantitative research. Through the questionnaire method, the author hopes to know the current situation of Chinese and Indonesian businessmen on business gift giving and receiving etiquette, the understanding level of Chinese businessmen on Indonesian business gift giving and receiving etiquette, and the understanding level of Indonesian businessmen on Chinese business gift giving and receiving etiquette. The research results show that there are similarities and differences between Chinese and Indonesian businessmen on the current situation of business gift-giving and gift-receiving etiquette. The similarity lies in the views on the role, importance and gift receiving etiquette of business gift giving, while the difference lies in the views on the principles, skills and gift taste of business gift giving. As for the degree of understanding, it can be concluded from the analysis results that in terms of average values, the SPSS average values achieved by Chinese businessmen (84.46%) are higher than those of Indonesian businessmen (82.67%). In terms of rank, Indonesian businessmen’s understanding of Chinese business gift-giving and receiving etiquette (86.7%) is higher than Chinese businessmen’s understanding of Indonesian business gift-giving and receiving etiquette (80% )

Persaingan Usaha Yang Sehat Dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen

Consumer protection from the businessmen can be implemented if there is a healthy-law competition. It also contains two umbrella acts, they are, UU No. 5 The 1999 on the anti-trust application and the unhealthy-law competition; and UU No. 8 The 1999 on the consumer protection. Both acts provide clear guidance on how the businessmen implement a healthy-law competition in order the consumer obtain such protection. Although this has been legalised, the consumer rights are often overruled by the businessmen so that it will raise loss. To maximize the consumer protection, the information openness, the honesty and the seriousness of the businessmen become important things. Otherwise, the consumer will not believe the businessmen and it can threaten the continuity of the application from the businessmen themselves

[Review of] Victoria Wyatt. Shapes of Their Thoughts: Reflections of Culture Contacts in Northwest Coast Indian Art

An exhibition at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History in New Haven, Connecticut, was held from November 1983 to May 1984. The exhibit focused on 200 years of the creative responses of Northwest Coast Indian artists to interactions with explorers, fur traders, missionaries, businessmen, tourists and ethnographers from a variety of cultures

Opportunities for the practical use of space technology by businessmen

Industrial use of space program technological advance

The Importance of Financial Reporting Assistance for Persis Banjaran Jam'iyyah Businessmen

Training and mentoring are carried out for businessmen Jam’iyyah (Persis Banjaran) Bandung district. Financial management, through financial recording and reporting, is one of the main problems faced by these businessmen, which is still done minimally. This is due to the lack of knowledge about the importance of financial reporting in optimizing businesses decision-making and improving financial performance. Appropriate training and mentoring can be a solution to the problems faced by businessmen Jam’iyyah (Persis Banjaran). This activity is carried out offline in the form of face-to-face training for 2 meetings while still paying attention to health protocols on Saturday, November 13, 2021 and March 26, 2022. After training and offline assistance, our team provided time for participants to consult online through social media. Based on discussions held with businessmen and the head of the social and economic field of PC Persis Banjara (as partners), this partnership can be continued with programs that reach the wider community. This training and assistance is expected to raise the enthusiasm and consistency of businessmen in carrying out financial recording and reporting in the simplest way, but still being accountable. Keywords: businessmen, financial reporting, business decision

Kebijakan Upah : Tantangan Di Tengah Suasana Krisis Ekonomi

The difference in understanding between businessmen and workers on the issue of renumeration has caused demonstrations or strike actions demanding higher pay. According to workers, wage is considered take home pay, while for businessmen take home pay is just part of the emolument paid to workers. While workers attribute low work productivity to the low pay they get, businessmen regard the low wages paid to workers as attributable to the low work productivity. The national workers\u27 emolument determination boa rd DPPN makes effi)rts to reduce the bickering over wages between worker and businessmen by calculating the minimum wage, which must be paid to thejOrniner by the latter. Such wage should enable workers live fairly well and should thus enhance work productivity. Key Word:krisis ekonomi, upa