Utilitarian Policy of Criminalization for the COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal in Indonesia

This article aims to analyze several issues of the implementation of the regulation of vaccination in Indonesia, encompassing the issues of the imposition of criminalization following the vaccination refusal, discussion on its objective, and practical challenges that potentially emerge. As qualitative research, this article employed a normative legal approach and social contextualization to comprehend regulations, legal interpretations, and arguments. This article finds that the government has amended the Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020 on the Procurement and Implementation of Vaccination to the Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2021 on the Change of the Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020 in dealing with the issue of punishment imposed on those refusing the vaccination. From the perspective of utilitarian humanism, the regulation aims to ensure the success of the vaccination and is expected to result in the herd immunity of society that determines the social welfare in the country. The implementation of the regulation is being criticized on the practical level because it is claimed to raise the likelihood of the violation of human rights and overlook the public trust on account of excessive criminalization. This article argues that support from society is vital in the implementation of the regulation, while a positive campaign over public vaccinations need to be massively urged

ICC Jurisdiction: Against Israeli War and Humanitarian Crimes Targeting Palestinian Civilians 2023

The article explains the jurisdictional policy of the International Criminal Court (ICC) regarding Israeli war crimes targeting Palestinian civilians, during the attack on Gaza on October 7, 2023. The article shows that based on articles of the Rome Statute, Israel committed war crimes and crimes against humanity that occurred on October 7, 2023.  therefore, the ICC has authority in this matter. ICC policy towards conflict 7 October 2023, ICC jurisdiction took action to continue the investigative process and will accelerate investigations related to the conflict, while Israel in 2024 and the latest update is not part of the non-member states of the ICC. However, given the jurisdiction of the ICC, it has jurisdiction regarding its investigations in countries that are not parties to the ICC. This is influenced by several factors in upholding the ICC's jurisdictional investigation law against Israeli criminals even though Israel is not an ICC member state: First, Palestine is a state party to the ICC which is supposed to provide justice for civil society. Second, there is pressure and encouragement from member countries and non-member countries of the ICC to carry out investigations regarding the conflict attack in October 2023

Preventing Electoral Fraud in Indonesia: Protecting the Social Security of Election Management Personnel

Indonesia’s Election Management Bodies (EMBs), constitutionally mandated to manage legislative and presidential elections, face substantial risks, including accidents and fatalities. However, their social security rights are often overshadowed by the focus on civil servants and private-sector workers. This study, employing normative legal research, urges the need for state protection of EMBs’ social security rights, drawing on secondary data sources. EMBs should receive comprehensive work-related accident benefits, death benefit programs, and old-age protection schemes from the Workers Social Security Agency (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). The legal basis for these social security rights can be found in several legislative provisions, including the Indonesian 1945 Constitution, the National Social Security System Law, and other related regulations. Recognizing EMBs as state-serving workers is a crucial step in safeguarding their social security rights. This recognition is not merely a matter of legal interpretation; it is a necessity to ensure a fair and secure electoral environment. By ensuring that EMBs are accorded the same rights and protections as other workers, the state can create a more equitable electoral process and reinforce the integrity of its democratic institutions

Construction of Criminal Policies for Handling Football Riots in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy

Even though conflicts between supporters caused the majority of the riots, other factors were no less important. Specifically, those related to the organization of football matches that were not yet professional could not guarantee security or order. The incident at Kanjuruhan Stadium serves as a significant reminder that hosting football matches without prioritizing proper safety measures and collaborative procedures will undoubtedly fail to promote fair competition in line with the principles of organizing sporting events that uphold sportsmanship, fair play, and respect. This paper is compiled through normative research by prioritizing secondary data that focuses on statutory and case approach, which are collected and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results shows that the legal construction used in carrying out security by the Police in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy refers to the Regulation of the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2009 on the Use of Force in Police Action while after the Kanjuruhan Tragedy, the Police compiled a new legal construction, the Republic of Indonesia National Police Regulation Indonesia Number 10 of 2022 on Security for the Implementation of Sports Competitions which can be used specifically in securing the implementation of football in Indonesi

Musyarakah Mutanaqisah: Strengthening Islamic Financing in Indonesia and Addressing Murabahah Vulnerabilities

The article analyses to examine the practice of murabahah and musyarakah mutanaqisah financing in sharia banking in Indonesia. Islamic finance plays an important role in the Indonesian economy, contributing to financial inclusion and encouraging ethical practices and sharia compliance. Among the various Islamic financing models, musyarakah mutanaqisah has become famous as an alternative to conventional financing methods. The aticle method used is qualitative research with secondary data and doctrinal legal study methods. This article uses sustainable product innovation, modernization, and compliance with sharia principles. The results of the article found that the implementation of murabahah has several weaknesses, including: it is considered not in accordance with sharia, the nature of the contract is fixed, the down payment for sharia housing loans by murabahah is high, it is based on sharia, and cannot be used for refinancing, takeovers, and securing assets. The advantages of musyarakah mutanaqisah can be a solution to murabahah's weaknesses, because musyarakah mutanaqisah is safe according to sharia, suitable for long-term financing, down payments for sharia mortgages by musyarakah mutanaqisah are low, and according to sharia, musyarakah mutanaqisah can also be used for refinancing, takeovers and securing assets

The Phenomenon of Divorce during the Election Period in the Perspective of Islamic Law

This article delved into the perspectives of Islamic law about the divorce phenomena as it pertains to the election period. This phenomenon has been the subject of very little research about Islamic law. Legal anthropology brings an Islamic and conceptual studies perspective to this study technique. Consequently, this study aims to provide an Islamic perspective on these events and analyze them from a legal Islamic perspective. This article explained that ikhtilaf happened throughout the Islamic culture. During the election period, societal shifts inside the family led to the dissolution of the marriage. Since political opinions do not constitute nusyuz against the spouse, Muslims are free to have differing views on this matter. Only in religious issues is a woman bound to obey her husband. Thus, divorce is forbidden in Islam because of disparities in personal decisions. This study is expected to provide the groundwork for Islamic law and help families work through disagreements over political candidates during election period

Social Reintegration after the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Indonesian Criminal Code

The current criminal code has been in force in Indonesia since 1918. Indonesia formulated criminal law reform in 1963 and in 2023, a law on the national criminal code was issued. The spirit of the Indonesian criminal code is reformative, progressive, and responsive to changes to the law. One of the strengths of criminal law is regulating criminal law from the perspective and achievement of justice to repair and restore the situation after the event and judicial process known as restorative justice. The desire to strengthen restorative justice programs takes a long time and is complicated. This research aims to analyze the development of the concept of social reintegration through the application of restorative justice in the criminal justice process. This research was conducted qualitatively using secondary data and doctrinal legal study methods. The results showed that changes in criminal law arrangements caused opinion differences since restorative programs are widely used as a substitute for traditional and retributive approaches. The application of restorative justice in national criminal law must be implemented. Social reintegration in the implementation of restorative justice as regulated in the Criminal Code can be successful through commitment and collaboration between the community, government and law enforcement official

The Legal Issues Concerning the Operation of Fin-Tech in Nigeria

Technology has greatly enhanced the developmental process of the global environment. It suffices to state that, Nigeria being a developing country is also having its fair share in the use of technology within the financial sector. This is concerning the fact that the traditional method of financial activities is gradually overtaken by financial technology. However, despite the prospect of finance and technology (Fin-Tech), there are several legal issues and challenges affecting its operation in Nigeria. In this regard, this study tends to embark on a hybrid method of study on the prospect and legal issues concerning Fin-Tech in Nigeria. The questionnaire was distributed to 301 respondents residing within Nigeria. The data obtained was analysed through descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The study, therefore, found that the introduction of Fin-Tech has greatly enhanced the commercial sector in Nigeria. Although, several challenges include the legality of its operations, other social and economic challenges could affect its smooth operation. The study concluded and recommended the necessity for legal regulations, internet security, educating the general public on the Fin-Tech system, and alignment of Fin-Tech operations with Nigerian laws for a smoother adoption of Fin-Tech in Nigeria

Unveiling Ethical Implications: AI Robot Accountability in Islamic Context

The world is currently experiencing what is known as industry 4.0, a fusion of business and IT where robots and other forms of artificial intelligence are massively utilized. The fact that robots are now a regular part of people's lives raises novel liability issues. The research aims to address the questions whether artificial intelligence robots can be accepted as ethical and legal subjects in Islamic perspective. It also considers whether it is necessary to grant legal personality to robots and hold them liable for their decisions and conducts. The research is doctrinal legal research where the analysis was presented within the context of Islamic viewpoints in a descriptive-structured way. The result demonstrates that robots with artificial intelligence fall under the definition of jamadat. No matter how sophisticated, an artificial intelligence cannot have a biological vitality. Therefore, only humans have the potential to possess rights and be held liable for their actions. Robotic artificial intelligence systems lack the capacity to be regarded as responsible entities in this sense, to inflict legal sanctions on activities that are the result of algorithms, and to be held accountable for both civil and criminal offenses

Reflections on the Dismissal of Theft Charges Through Prosecutor's Restorative Justice House in Lampung

The existence of restorative justice certainly brings a new paradigm in the settlement of criminal cases by seeking to resolve cases solely outside of court. The implementation of restorative justice-based prosecution termination can be applied to theft, which has the highest number of cases in Indonesia. This is because the Covid-19 pandemic created a moral crisis that led to a drastic increase in theft crimes in Indonesia, disrupting economic stability. Recently, restorative justice houses have been established in each jurisdiction of the prosecutor's office to optimize the resolution of legal problems by filtering cases that go to court, disseminating law to local residents, and involving local traditional leaders to develop local wisdom and emphasize consensus deliberation. The research approach used a normative juridical method, referencing laws and regulations sourced from primary data and literature studies on criminal law in Indonesia, which were then processed to draw specific conclusions. The study's results show that humanist restorative justice houses are an alternative for solving theft cases. The embodiment of restorative justice in a hybrid way within the prosecutor's office will establish it as a humane law enforcement agency in Lampung province