Deteksi Kesalahan Pengucapan Huruf Jawa Carakan dengan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Perambatan Balik

Javanese is an Indonesian culture which needs to be preserved, but many Javanese students make mistakes in the pronunciation of Javanese letters and find it difficult to analyze errors by human teachers because of the limited time and subjective assessment, so a system is needed to detect incorrect pronunciation of Javanese letters. Mispronunciation detection system has been widely applied in foreign languages, but the system has not been implemented for Javanese carakan letters. This research develops the Javanese letters mispronunciation detection system using Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Networks (BP-ANN). The dataset is obtained from the recorded pronunciation of hanacaraka texts by 24 speakers  with 5 repetitions. ALNS method then used to automatically segment the signal into syllables. ANN-PB use statistical value of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) method with 7 and 14 coefficients. 10-Fold Cross Validation is used to validate and test the system. The Javanese mispronunciation detection using 7MFCC coefficients produces the highest accuracy of 80,07%. While the Javanese mispronunciation detection using 14 MFCC coefficients produces an accuracy of 82.36% at the highest

Automatic transcription and phonetic labelling of dyslexic children's reading in Bahasa Melayu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is potentially helpful for children who suffer from dyslexia. Highly phonetically similar errors of dyslexic children‟s reading affect the accuracy of ASR. Thus, this study aims to evaluate acceptable accuracy of ASR using automatic transcription and phonetic labelling of dyslexic children‟s reading in BM. For that, three objectives have been set: first to produce manual transcription and phonetic labelling; second to construct automatic transcription and phonetic labelling using forced alignment; and third to compare between accuracy using automatic transcription and phonetic labelling and manual transcription and phonetic labelling. Therefore, to accomplish these goals methods have been used including manual speech labelling and segmentation, forced alignment, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for training, and for measure accuracy of ASR, Word Error Rate (WER) and False Alarm Rate (FAR) were used. A number of 585 speech files are used for manual transcription, forced alignment and training experiment. The recognition ASR engine using automatic transcription and phonetic labelling obtained optimum results is 76.04% with WER as low as 23.96% and FAR is 17.9%. These results are almost similar with ASR engine using manual transcription namely 76.26%, WER as low as 23.97% and FAR a 17.9%. As conclusion, the accuracy of automatic transcription and phonetic labelling is acceptable to use it for help dyslexic children learning using ASR in Bahasa Melayu (BM

Prevocalic t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English

Rates of t-glottaling across word boundaries in both preconsonantal and prevocalic contexts have recently been claimed to be positively correlated with the frequency of occurrence of a given word in preconsonantal contexts (Eddington & Channer, 2010). Words typically followed by consonants have been argued to have their final /t/s glottaled more often than words less frequently followed by consonants. This paper includes a number of ‘internal’ and ‘external’ predictors in a mixed-effects logistic regression model and has two goals: (1) to replicate the positive correlation of the frequency of occurrence of a word in preconsonantal contexts (its ‘contextual frequency’) with its rates of t-glottaling in both preconsonantal and prevocalic contexts postulated by Eddington and Channer (2010), and (2) to quantify the factors influencing the likelihood of t-glottaling across word boundaries in Midland American English. The effect of contextual frequency has been confirmed. This result is argued to support a hybrid view of phonological storage and processing, one including both abstract and exemplar representations. T-glottaling has also been found to be negatively correlated with bigram frequency and speech rate deviation, while positively correlated with young age in female speakers.NCN; UMO-2017/26/D/HS2/0002711112313Laboratory Phonolog

Assessing the accuracy of existing forced alignment software on varieties of British English

This paper presents an analysis of the performance and usability of automatic speech processing tools on six different varieties of English spoken in the British Isles. The tools used in the present study were developed for use with Mainstream American English, but we demonstrate that their forced alignment func- tionality nonetheless performs extremely well on a range of British varieties, encompassing both careful and casual speech. Where phone boundary placement is concerned, substantial errors in alignment occur infre- quently, and although small displacements between aligner-placed and human-placed phone boundaries are found regularly, these will rarely have a significant effect on measurements of interest for the researcher. We demonstrate that gross phone boundary placement errors, when they do arise, are particularly likely to be introduced in fast speech or with varieties that are radically different from Mainstream American English (e.g. Scots). We also observe occasional problems with phonetic transcription. Overall, we advise that, although forced alignment software is highly reliable and improving continuously, human confirmation is needed to correct errors which can displace entire stretches of speech. Nevertheless, sociolinguists can be assured that the output of these tools is generally highly accurate for a wide range of varieties

Ki(ng) in the North : effects of duration, boundary and pause on post-nasal [ɡ]-presence

This paper highlights a hitherto unreported change in progress among northern speakers of British English, with increasing post-nasal [ɡ]-presence in words like 'sing' or 'wrong' pre-pausally. The factors that condition this innovation are unclear due to collinearity between various boundary phenomena. The right edge of phrasal prosodic categories may be associated with boundary tones, final lengthening, and pause; consequently, the variable presence of [ɡ] appears to be affected by prosodic boundary strength, segmental duration, and the presence and duration of a following pause. These factors are teased apart through analysis of an elicitation task from 30 northern speakers, which reveals that [ŋɡ] clusters are conditioned most strongly by pause. Post-nasal [ɡ]-presence is only licensed when the following consonant-initial word is temporally distant, showing only minimal sensitivity to prosodic boundaries directly. The surface effect of segmental duration arises only indirectly through its collinearity with pause duration. Current theoretical approaches to external sandhi emphasize a range of different factors, including phonological representations of prosodic constituency, phonetic parameters like segmental duration, and psycholinguistic mechanisms of production planning. This paper provides quantitative evidence from an under-reported feature of northern English that bears directly on these debates

Sociophonetics and class differentiation: A study of working- and middle- class English in Cape Town's coloured community

Includes bibliographical references.This thesis provides a detailed acoustic description of the phonetic variation and changes evident in the monophthongal vowel system of Coloured South African English in Cape Town. The changes are largely a result of South Africa's post-apartheid socio-educational reform. A detailed acoustic description highlights the most salient changes (compared with earlier reports of the variety), indicating the extent of the change amongst working-class and middle-class speakers. The fieldwork conducted for this study consists of sociolinguistic interviews, conducted with a total of 40 Coloured speakers (half male, half female) from both working-class and middle-class backgrounds. All speakers were young adults, born between 1983 and 1993, thus raised and schooled in a period of transition from apartheid to democracy. Each of the middle-class speakers had some experience of attending formerly exclusively White schools, giving them significant contact with White peers and teachers, while the educational careers of the working-class speakers exposed them almost solely to Coloured peers and educators. The acoustic data were processed using methods of Forced Alignment and automatic formant extraction – methods applied for the first time to any variety of South African English. The results of the analysis were found generally to support the findings of scholars who have documented this variety previously, with some notable exceptions amongst middle-class speakers. The changes are attributable to socio-educational change in the post-apartheid setting and the directionality of the changes approximate trends amongst White South African English speakers. The TRAP, GOOSE and FOOT lexical sets show most change: TRAP is lowering, while GOOSE and FOOT are fronting. Although the changes approximate the vowel quality used by White speakers, middle-class Coloured speakers use an intermediate value between White speakers and working-class Coloured speakers i.e. they have not fully adopted White norms for any of the vowel classes. Working-class speakers were found to have maintained the monophthongal vowel system traditionally used by Coloured speakers

Southern United States English as a Rhetorical Device in The Field of Marketing: A Study and Implications for Business Writing Pedagogy

In this dissertation project, I examine how professionals in the South use their Southern United States English (SUSE) to communicate in business situations. My goals are to (1) understand how regional language variety rhetorically shapes writtenprofessional communication and (2) establish a pedagogical framework for business writing that attunes to the nuances of language variation in the workplace. I hypothesize that speakers of SUSE implement regional dialects to form interpersonal business connections and build ethos and that SUSE has a significant rhetorical role to place in professional communications. To test this hypothesis, I develop a hybrid method of interviewing, discourse analysis, and genre analysis that allows researchers to study regional dialects in workplace writing and to engage with writers about their perceptions of and motivations behind dialect use. Putting this method into action, I offer a focused study of women writers from coastal South Carolina who work at a variety of marketing agencies and speak SUSE. The study includes interviews with participants about perceptions of their regional Southern dialect and reflections of their past education in dialect use. I further analyze email communications written by participants using discourse analysis and genre analysis methods. The results from this narrow study offer an example of my hybrid method in action and pave the way for future research in composition-rhetoric, business writing, and sociolinguistics about the professional communications of additional groups using other regional dialects. Furthermore, the results provide a foundation upon which to craft a business writing pedagogy that foregrounds language variety as a rhetorical tool of professional communication

Sociophonetic variation in Stoke-on-Trent's pottery industry

This thesis presents a sociophonetic analysis of two dialect variables in twenty-six speakers from Stoke-on-Trent; specifically, speakers who worked in the city’s pottery industry. The recordings used come from an oral history archive, and much of the analysis presented considers the impact of the social and spatial structures of the pottery industry on dialect variation. The analysis presented also combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies in order to examine both broader patterns of dialect variation in the selected speakers, and how the same variables may be used in the construction of meaning-in-interaction. Finally, I consider the impact of using oral history data in this kind of sociophonetic analysis. I use literature on the social structures of the industry and the content of the recordings themselves to model an internal hierarchy for the industry, which I then examine alongside auditory and acoustic data from two linguistic variables: /h/-dropping, and the (i) vowel. /h/-dropping is particularly sensitive to industrial role, with speakers in mass production roles more likely to drop /h/ and those in administrative, managerial and design roles less likely to. I demonstrate how this links to the established social meanings of /h/-dropping as a historical dialect feature of English. The (i) vowel is less sensitive to this internal hierarchy quantitatively, but I describe how its realisation is particularly conditional on linguistic factors. Both variables are also examined qualitatively in discourse moments, and according to topic. /h/-dropping (and retention) appears to be associated with meaning on micro-, meso- and macro-social levels, allowing me to design an indexical field (Eckert, 2008) of its potential social meanings in this dataset. Variation in the (i) vowel appears to be less motivated by topic, but I demonstrate that some speakers do use more extreme acoustic tokens in particularly expressive talk