Knowledge-based decision intelligence in street lighting management

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Low-power wide-area networks : design goals, architecture, suitability to use cases and research challenges

Previous survey articles on Low-Powered Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) lack a systematic analysis of the design goals of LPWAN and the design decisions adopted by various commercially available and emerging LPWAN technologies, and no study has analysed how their design decisions impact their ability to meet design goals. Assessing a technology's ability to meet design goals is essential in determining suitable technologies for a given application. To address these gaps, we have analysed six prominent design goals and identified the design decisions used to meet each goal in the eight LPWAN technologies, ranging from technical consideration to business model, and determined which specific technique in a design decision will help meet each goal to the greatest extent. System architecture and specifications are presented for those LPWAN solutions, and their ability to meet each design goal is evaluated. We outline seventeen use cases across twelve domains that require large low power network infrastructure and prioritise each design goal's importance to those applications as Low, Moderate, or High. Using these priorities and each technology's suitability for meeting design goals, we suggest appropriate LPWAN technologies for each use case. Finally, a number of research challenges are presented for current and future technologies. © 2013 IEEE

Quantifying and comparing the life cycle cost of light emitted diode and conventional streetlights

Abstract: Today, lighting accounts for more than 19 percent of the world electricity consumption and 6 percent of the CO2 emissions. At the same time, streetlighting is a significant municipal duty which plays an important role in the life of a community. At present, streetlights are converted to more sustainable solutions that are energy-efficient and cost-effective for both the state and local governments. The goal of this research is to measure and compare the cost of the life cycle of a light emitted diode (LED) and conventional streetlights. This is achieved by first determining the energy use of LED streetlights compared to conventional streetlights. Secondly, establishing the total cost of ownership of an LED streetlight compared to a conventional streetlight to encourage municipalities and key decision-makers to evaluate the merit and costs of street lighting projects. A cost framework for the life cycle has been developed from the current literature to determine the energy use and the total cost of ownership of both streetlight technologies. The selected mathematical formulas were classified and implemented using secondary data collected from a study from a project conducted by the Greater Tzaneen municipality and the researcher’s employer to calculate costs for both technologies. It is noted that post-acquisition costs are the largest part of the life cycle cost for both street lighting technologies. When comparing the calculated results, it is noted that streetlights with conventional technology use 56 percent more energy than their comparable LED streetlights. The findings also suggest cost savings of between 13 and 22 percent of the total cost of ownership over a year in favour of LED streetlights. The findings of this study indicate that LED streetlights are the best technology to implement based on their energy consumption and total cost of ownership. Municipalities and decision-makers can use this research’s framework to argue on their selected technology choice. The design of the measurement method used in this research allows users to adapt it to their context and include additional costs drivers to assist cities and key decision-makers in making literature informed decision when presented with the question of which streetlight technology to consider.M.Ing. (Engineering Management

The business model evaluation tool for smart cities: application to SmartSantander use cases

New technologies open up the door to multiple business models applied to public services in smart cities. However, there is not a commonly adopted methodology for evaluating business models in smart cities that can help both practitioners and researchers to choose the best option. This paper addresses this gap introducing the Business Model Evaluation Tool for Smart Cities. This methodology is a simple, organized, flexible and the transparent system that facilitates the work of the evaluators of potential business models. It is useful to compare two or more business models and take strategic decisions promptly. The method is part of a previous process of content analysis and it is based on the widely utilized Business Model Canvas. The evaluation method has been assessed by 11 experts and, subsequently it has been validated applying it to the case studies of Santander’s waste management and street lighting systems, which take advantage of innovative technologies commonly used in smart cities.We thank to the European Commission’s H2020 Program, Organicity, GA-645198, for partially funding the research work carried out in this paper

Smart & The City: Investigating the Participation of Citizens in the construction of American Smart City Plans

As high-profile smart city projects and technologies continue to pervade cities all over North America, this thesis seeks to answer two interrelated questions: what are issues relating to resident participation that arise in smart city plans and strategies in large cities across North America, and how are cities envisioning public engagement and the role of their citizens in smart city initiatives? To answer these questions, this thesis analyzes smart city documents (including smart city roadmaps, smart city plans, and relevant websites) of nine American cities, and conducts interviews with smart city staff at three cities. Consistent with much of the existing scholarship, this thesis concludes that the presence of the citizens in both the projects and initiatives being developed in the smart city, and in the engagement processes of these smart city plans, remains largely absent

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTERNET OF THINGS WAVEFORMS FOR A DOD LOW EARTH ORBIT CUBESAT MESH NETWORK

The Department of Defense (DOD) requires the military to provide command and control during missions in locations where terrestrial communications infrastructure is unreliable or unavailable, which results in a high reliance on satellite communications (SATCOM). This is problematic because they use and consume more digital data in the operational environment. The DOD has several forms of data capable of meeting Internet of Things (IoT) transmission parameters that could be diversified onto an IoT network. This research assesses the potential for an IoT satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbit to provide an alternative, space-based communication platform to military units while offering increased overall SATCOM capacity and resiliency. This research explores alternative IoT waveforms and compatible transceivers in place of LoRaWAN for the NPS CENETIX Ortbial-1 CubeSat. The study uses a descriptive comparative research approach to simultaneously assess several variables. Five alternative waveforms—Sigfox, NB-IoT, LTE-M, Wi-sun, and Ingenu—are evaluated. NB-IoT, LTE-M, and Ingenu meet the threshold to be feasible alternatives to replace the LoRaWAN waveform in the Orbital-1 CubeSat. Six potential IoT transceivers are assessed as replacements. Two transceivers for the NB-IoT and LTE-M IoT waveforms and one transceiver from U-blox for the Ingenu waveform are assessed as compliant.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited