3,476 research outputs found
On Point Spread Function modelling: towards optimal interpolation
Point Spread Function (PSF) modeling is a central part of any astronomy data
analysis relying on measuring the shapes of objects. It is especially crucial
for weak gravitational lensing, in order to beat down systematics and allow one
to reach the full potential of weak lensing in measuring dark energy. A PSF
modeling pipeline is made of two main steps: the first one is to assess its
shape on stars, and the second is to interpolate it at any desired position
(usually galaxies). We focus on the second part, and compare different
interpolation schemes, including polynomial interpolation, radial basis
functions, Delaunay triangulation and Kriging. For that purpose, we develop
simulations of PSF fields, in which stars are built from a set of basis
functions defined from a Principal Components Analysis of a real ground-based
image. We find that Kriging gives the most reliable interpolation,
significantly better than the traditionally used polynomial interpolation. We
also note that although a Kriging interpolation on individual images is enough
to control systematics at the level necessary for current weak lensing surveys,
more elaborate techniques will have to be developed to reach future ambitious
surveys' requirements.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Perturbative reconstruction of a gravitational lens: when mass does not follow light
The structure and potential of a complex gravitational lens is reconstructed
using the perturbative method presented in Alard 2007, MNRAS, 382L, 58; Alard
2008, MNRAS, 388, 375. This lens is composed of 6 galaxies belonging to a small
group. The lens inversion is reduced to the problem of reconstructing
non-degenerate quantities: the 2 fields of the perturbative theory of strong
gravitational lenses. Since in the perturbative theory the circular source
solution is analytical, the general properties of the perturbative solution can
be inferred directly from the data. As a consequence, the reconstruction of the
perturbative fields is not affected by degeneracy, and finding the best
solution is only a matter of numerical refinement. The local shape of the
potential and density of the lens are inferred from the perturbative solution,
revealing the existence of an independent dark component that does not follow
light. The most likely explanation is that the particular shape of the dark
halo is due to the merging of cold dark matter halos. This is a new result
illustrating the structure of dark halos at the scale of galaxies.Comment: Final version (Astronomy and Astrophysics in press
Data Reduction Pipeline for the CHARIS Integral-Field Spectrograph I: Detector Readout Calibration and Data Cube Extraction
We present the data reduction pipeline for CHARIS, a high-contrast
integral-field spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope. The pipeline constructs a
ramp from the raw reads using the measured nonlinear pixel response, and
reconstructs the data cube using one of three extraction algorithms: aperture
photometry, optimal extraction, or fitting. We measure and apply both
a detector flatfield and a lenslet flatfield and reconstruct the wavelength-
and position-dependent lenslet point-spread function (PSF) from images taken
with a tunable laser. We use these measured PSFs to implement a -based
extraction of the data cube, with typical residuals of ~5% due to imperfect
models of the undersampled lenslet PSFs. The full two-dimensional residual of
the extraction allows us to model and remove correlated read noise,
dramatically improving CHARIS' performance. The extraction produces a
data cube that has been deconvolved with the line-spread function, and never
performs any interpolations of either the data or the individual lenslet
spectra. The extracted data cube also includes uncertainties for each spatial
and spectral measurement. CHARIS' software is parallelized, written in Python
and Cython, and freely available on github with a separate documentation page.
Astrometric and spectrophotometric calibrations of the data cubes and PSF
subtraction will be treated in a forthcoming paper.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, replaced with JATIS accepted version
(emulateapj formatted here). Software at
https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/charis-dep and documentation at
http://princetonuniversity.github.io/charis-de
The alternating least squares technique for nonuniform intensity color correction
Color correction involves mapping device RGBs to display counterparts or to corresponding XYZs. A popular methodology is to take an image of a color chart and then solve for the best 3 × 3 matrix that maps the RGBs to the corresponding known XYZs. However, this approach fails at times when the intensity of the light varies across the chart. This variation needs to be removed before estimating the correction matrix. This is typically achieved by acquiring an image of a uniform gray chart in the same location, and then dividing the color checker image by the gray-chart image. Of course, taking images of two charts doubles the complexity of color correction. In this article, we present an alternative color correction algorithm that simultaneously estimates the intensity variation and the 3 × 3 transformation matrix from a single image of a color chart. We show that the color correction problem, that is, finding the 3 × 3 correction matrix, can be solved using a simple alternating least-squares procedure. Experiments validate our approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 232–242, 201
Polynomial spline-approximation of Clarke's model
We investigate polynomial spline approximation of stationary random processes on a uniform grid applied to Clarke's model of time variations of path amplitudes in multipath fading channels with Doppler scattering. The integral mean square error (MSE) for optimal and interpolation splines is presented as a series of spectral moments. The optimal splines outperform the interpolation splines; however, as the sampling factor increases, the optimal and interpolation splines of even order tend to provide the same accuracy. To build such splines, the process to be approximated needs to be known for all time, which is impractical. Local splines, on the other hand, may be used where the process is known only over a finite interval. We first consider local splines with quasioptimal spline coefficients. Then, we derive optimal spline coefficients and investigate the error for different sets of samples used for calculating the spline coefficients. In practice, approximation with a low processing delay is of interest; we investigate local spline extrapolation with a zero-processing delay. The results of our investigation show that local spline approximation is attractive for implementation from viewpoints of both low processing delay and small approximation error; the error can be very close to the minimum error provided by optimal splines. Thus, local splines can be effectively used for channel estimation in multipath fast fading channels
A weak lensing analysis of the Abell 383 cluster
In this paper we use deep CFHT and SUBARU archival images of the
Abell 383 cluster (z=0.187) to estimate its mass by weak lensing. To this end,
we first use simulated images to check the accuracy provided by our KSB
pipeline. Such simulations include both the STEP 1 and 2 simulations, and more
realistic simulations of the distortion of galaxy shapes by a cluster with a
Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile. From such simulations we estimate the effect
of noise on shear measurement and derive the correction terms. The R-band image
is used to derive the mass by fitting the observed tangential shear profile
with a NFW mass profile. Photometric redshifts are computed from the uBVRIz
catalogs. Different methods for the foreground/background galaxy selection are
implemented, namely selection by magnitude, color and photometric redshifts,
and results are compared. In particular, we developed a semi-automatic
algorithm to select the foreground galaxies in the color-color diagram, based
on observed colors. Using color selection or photometric redshifts improves the
correction of dilution from foreground galaxies: this leads to higher signals
in the inner parts of the cluster. We obtain a cluster mass that is ~ 20%
higher than previous estimates, and is more consistent the mass expected from
X--ray data. The R-band luminosity function of the cluster is finally computed.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication on Astronomy &
Astrophysic
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