133,684 research outputs found
Towards a canonical classical natural deduction system
Preprint submitted to Elsevier, 6 July 2012This paper studies a new classical natural deduction system, presented as a typed
calculus named lambda-mu- let. It is designed to be isomorphic to Curien and Herbelin's lambda-mu-mu~-calculus, both at the level of proofs and reduction, and the isomorphism is based on the correct correspondence between cut (resp. left-introduction) in sequent calculus, and
substitution (resp. elimination) in natural deduction. It is a combination of Parigot's lambda-mu -calculus with the idea of "coercion calculus" due to Cervesato and Pfenning, accommodating
let-expressions in a surprising way: they expand Parigot's syntactic class of named terms.
This calculus and the mentioned isomorphism Theta offer three missing components of
the proof theory of classical logic: a canonical natural deduction system; a robust process
of "read-back" of calculi in the sequent calculus format into natural deduction syntax;
a formalization of the usual semantics of the lambda-mu-mu~-calculus, that explains co-terms and cuts as, respectively, contexts and hole- filling instructions. lambda-mu-let is not yet another
classical calculus, but rather a canonical reflection in natural deduction of the impeccable
treatment of classical logic by sequent calculus; and provides the "read-back" map and
the formalized semantics, based on the precise notions of context and "hole-expression"
provided by lambda-mu-let.
We use "read-back" to achieve a precise connection with Parigot's lambda-mu , and to derive
lambda-calculi for call-by-value combining control and let-expressions in a logically founded
way. Finally, the semantics , when fully developed, can be inverted at each syntactic
category. This development gives us license to see sequent calculus as the semantics of
natural deduction; and uncovers a new syntactic concept in lambda-mu-mu~ ("co-context"), with
which one can give a new de nition of eta-reduction
Towards a canonical classical natural deduction system
This paper studies a new classical natural deduction system, presented as a typed calculus named \lml. It is designed to be
isomorphic to Curien-Herbelin's calculus, both at the level of proofs and reduction, and the isomorphism is based on the correct correspondence between cut (resp. left-introduction) in sequent calculus, and substitution (resp. elimination) in natural deduction. It is a combination of Parigot's -calculus with the idea
of ``coercion calculus'' due to Cervesato-Pfenning, accommodating let-expressions in a surprising way: they expand Parigot's syntactic class of named terms.
This calculus aims to be the simultaneous answer to three problems. The first problem is the lack of a canonical natural deduction
system for classical logic. \lml is not yet another classical calculus, but rather a canonical reflection in natural deduction of
the impeccable treatment of classical logic by sequent calculus. The second problem is the lack of a formalization of the usual semantics
of Curien-Herbelin's calculus, that explains co-terms and cuts as, respectively, contexts and hole-filling instructions. The mentioned
isomorphism is the required formalization, based on the precise notions of context and hole-expression offered by \lml. The third
problem is the lack of a robust process of ``read-back'' into natural deduction syntax of calculi in the sequent calculus format,
that affects mainly the recent proof-theoretic efforts of derivation of -calculi for call-by-value. An isomorphic counterpart
to the -subsystem of Curien-Herbelin's-calculus is derived, obtaining a new
-calculus for call-by-value, combining control and let-expressions.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
Arithmetic Formulated Relevantly
The purpose of this paper is to formulate first-order Peano arithmetic within the resources of relevant logic, and to demonstrate certain properties of the system thus formulated. Striking among these properties are the facts that (1) it is trivial that relevant arithmetic is absolutely consistent, but (2) classical first-order Peano arithmetic is straightforwardly contained in relevant arithmetic. Under (1), I shall show in particular that 0 = 1 is a non-theorem of relevant arithmetic; this, of course, is exactly the formula whose unprovability was sought in the Hilbert program for proving arithmetic consistent. Under (2), I shall exhibit the requisite translation, drawing some Goedelian conclusions therefrom. Left open, however, is the critical problem whether Ackermann’s rule γ is admissible for theories of relevant arithmetic.
The particular system of relevant Peano arithmetic featured in this paper shall be called R♯. Its logical base shall be the system R of relevant implication, taken in its first-order form RQ. Among other Peano arithmetics we shall consider here in particular the systems C♯, J♯, and RM3♯; these are based respectively on the classical logic C, the intuitionistic logic J, and the Sobocinski-Dunn semi-relevant logic RM3. And another feature of the paper will be the presentation of a system of natural deduction for R♯, along lines valid for first-order relevant theories in general. This formulation of R♯ makes it possible to construct relevantly valid arithmetical deductions in an easy and natural way; it is based on, but is in some respects more convenient than, the natural deduction formulations for relevant logics developed by Anderson and Belnap in Entailment
Computational Aspects of Proofs in Modal Logic
Various modal logics seem well suited for developing models of knowledge, belief, time, change, causality, and other intensional concepts. Most such systems are related to the classical Lewis systems, and thereby have a substantial body of conventional proof theoretical results. However, most of the applied literature examines modal logics from a semantical point of view, rather than through proof theory. It appears arguments for validity are more clearly stated in terms of a semantical explanation, rather than a classical proof-theoretic one. We feel this is due to the inability of classical proof theories to adequately represent intensional aspects of modal semantics. This thesis develops proof theoretical methods which explicitly represent the underlying semantics of the modal formula in the proof. We initially develop a Gentzen style proof system which contains semantic information in the sequents. This system is, in turn, used to develop natural deduction proofs. Another semantic style proof representation, the modal expansion tree is developed. This structure can be used to derive either Gentzen style or Natural Deduction proofs. We then explore ways of automatically generating MET proofs, and prove sound and complete heuristics for that procedure. These results can be extended to most propositional system using a Kripke style semantics and a fist order theory of the possible worlds relation. Examples are presented for standard T, S4, and S5 systems, systems of knowledge and belief, and common knowledge. A computer program which implements the theory is briefly examined in the appendix
Characterization of strong normalizability for a sequent lambda calculus with co-control
We study strong normalization in a lambda calculus of proof-terms
with co-control for the intuitionistic sequent calculus. In this sequent
lambda calculus, the management of formulas on the left hand
side of typing judgements is “dual" to the management of formulas
on the right hand side of the typing judgements in Parigot’s lambdamu
calculus - that is why our system has first-class “co-control".
The characterization of strong normalization is by means of intersection
types, and is obtained by analyzing the relationship with
another sequent lambda calculus, without co-control, for which a
characterization of strong normalizability has been obtained before.
The comparison of the two formulations of the sequent calculus,
with or without co-control, is of independent interest. Finally, since
it is known how to obtain bidirectional natural deduction systems
isomorphic to these sequent calculi, characterizations are obtained
of the strongly normalizing proof-terms of such natural deduction
systems.The authors would like to thank the anonymous
referees for their valuable comments and helpful suggestions.
This work was partly supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência
e a Tecnologia, within the project UID-MAT-00013/2013; by
COST Action CA15123 - The European research network on types
for programming and verification (EUTypes) via STSM; and by the
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development,
Serbia, under the projects ON174026 and III44006.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Modal tableaux for nonmonotonic reasoning
The tableau-like proof system KEM has been proven to be able to cope with a wide variety of (normal) modal logics. KEM is based on D'Agostino and Mondadori's (1994) classical proof system KE, a combination of tableau and natural deduction inference rules which allows for a restricted ("analytic") Use of the cut rule. The key feature of KEM, besides its being based neither on resolution nor on standard sequent/tableau inference techniques, is that it generates models and checks them using a label scheme to bookkeep "world" paths. This formalism can be extended to handle various system of multimodal logic devised for dealing with nonmonotonic reasoning, by relying in particular on Meyer and van der Hoek's (1992) logic for actuality and preference. In this paper we shall be concerned with developing a similar extension this time by relying on Schwind and Siegel's (1993,1994) system H, another multimodal logic devised for dealing with nonmonotonic inference
Axiomatizing modal inclusion logic
Modal inclusion logic is modal logic extended with inclusion atoms. It is the modal variant of first-order inclusion logic, which was introduced by Galliani (2012). Inclusion logic is a main variant of dependence logic (Väänänen 2007). Dependence logic and its variants adopt team semantics, introduced by Hodges (1997). Under team semantics, a modal (inclusion) logic formula is evaluated in a set of states, called a team. The inclusion atom is a type of dependency atom, which describes that the possible values a sequence of formulas can obtain are values of another sequence of formulas. In this thesis, we introduce a sound and complete natural deduction system for modal inclusion logic, which is currently missing in the literature.
The thesis consists of an introductory part, in which we recall the definitions and basic properties of modal logic and modal inclusion logic, followed by two main parts. The first part concerns the expressive power of modal inclusion logic. We review the result of Hella and Stumpf (2015) that modal inclusion logic is expressively complete: A class of Kripke models with teams is closed under unions, closed under k-bisimulation for some natural number k, and has the empty team property if and only if the class can be defined with a modal inclusion logic formula. Through the expressive completeness proof, we obtain characteristic formulas for classes with these three properties. This also provides a normal form for formulas in MIL. The proof of this result is due to Hella and Stumpf, and we suggest a simplification to the normal form by making it similar to the normal form introduced by Kontinen et al. (2014).
In the second part, we introduce a sound and complete natural deduction proof system for modal inclusion logic. Our proof system builds on the proof systems defined for modal dependence logic and propositional inclusion logic by Yang (2017, 2022). We show the completeness theorem using the normal form of modal inclusion logic
Deduction modulo theory
This paper is a survey on Deduction modulo theor
On computational interpretations of the modal logic S4. I. Cut elimination
A language of constructions for minimal logic is the
-calculus, where cut-elimination is encoded as
-reduction. We examine corresponding languages for the
minimal version of the modal logic S4, with notions of reduction
that encodes cut-elimination for the corresponding sequent system.
It turns out that a natural interpretation of the latter
constructions is a -calculus extended by an idealized
version of Lisp\u27s \verb/eval/ and \verb/quote/ constructs.
In this first part, we analyze how cut-elimination works in the
standard sequent system for minimal S4, and where problems arise.
Bierman and De Paiva\u27s proposal is a natural language of constructions
for this logic, but their calculus lacks a few rules that are
essential to eliminate all cuts. The -calculus,
namelyBierman and De Paiva\u27s proposal extended with all needed rules,
is confluent. There is a polynomial-time algorithm to compute
principal typings of given terms, or answer that the given terms are
not typable. The typed -calculus terminates, and
normal forms are exactly constructions for cut-free proofs. Finally,
modulo some notion \sqeq of equivalence, there is a natural
Curry-Howard style isomorphism between typed
-terms and natural deduction proofs in minimal S4.
However, the -calculus has a non-operational
flavor, in that the extra rules include explicit garbage collection,
contraction and exchange rules. We shall propose another language of
constructions to repair this in Part II
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