Built-In Self-Test Solution for CMOS MEMS Sensors

This thesis presents a new readout circuit with integrated Built-in Self-Test (BIST) structure for capacitive Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In the proposed solution instead of commonly used voltage control signals to test the device, charge control stimuli are employed to cover a wider range of structural defects. The proposed test solution eliminates the risk of MEMS structural collapse in the test phase. Measurement results using a prototype fabricated in TSMC 65nm CMOS technology indicate that the proposed BIST scheme can successfully detect minor structural defects altering MEMS nominal capacitance

39th Plenary meeting report of the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (PLEN-12-01)

The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries hold its 39th plenary on 16-20 April 2012 in Brussels (Belgium). The terms of reference included both issues assessments of STECF Expert Working Group reports and additional requests submitted to the STECF by the Commission. Topics dealt with ranged from fisheries economics to management plan evaluation issues.JRC.G.4-Maritime affair

Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing With Unreliable Devices

This research addresses design of a reliable computer from unreliable device technologies. A system architecture is developed for a fault and defect tolerant (FDT) computer. Trade-offs between different techniques are studied and yield and hardware cost models are developed. Fault and defect tolerant designs are created for the processor and the cache memory. Simulation results for the content-addressable memory (CAM)-based cache show 90% yield with device failure probabilities of 3 x 10(-6), three orders of magnitude better than non fault tolerant caches of the same size. The entire processor achieves 70% yield with device failure probabilities exceeding 10(-6). The required hardware redundancy is approximately 15 times that of a non-fault tolerant design. While larger than current FT designs, this architecture allows the use of devices much more likely to fail than silicon CMOS. As part of model development, an improved model is derived for NAND Multiplexing. The model is the first accurate model for small and medium amounts of redundancy. Previous models are extended to account for dependence between the inputs and produce more accurate results

Language and Scribal Practice in Fourteenth Century Northern Iceland : A Study of AM 573 4to and Reynistaðarbók AM 764 4to

De islandske middelaldermanuskriptene AM 573 4to og Reynistaðarbók AM 764 4to er nært sammenknyttede gjennom flere faktorer: tekstene hvert manuskript inneholder, den antatte tid- og stedfestingen for manuskriptproduksjonen, og skriverne som deltok i denne. Skriverne ser ut til å ha virket på Nord-Island, mer spesifikt ved velkjente bokproduksjonssteder innenfor Hólar bispedømme, i løpet av siste halvdel av trettenhundretallet. Manuskriptene, så vel som skriverne som produserte dem, har vært tema for tidligere undersøkelser, da man har antatt at manuskriptene deler minst én skriver og har vært tilknyttet lignende skrivermiljø. Gjennom en analyse av utvalgte trekk ved språk, ortografi, og skrift i disse to manuskriptene med referanse til EMROON-databasen, revurderer dette prosjektet skriverhendene. Som et resultat av undersøkelsen presenterer studien en presis gjennomgang av skriverhendene og legger frem en ny tid- og stedfesting for de to manuskriptene. På bakgrunn av tendensene i skrivernes språk, ortografi og skrift argumenteres det for at skriverne vi finner i Reynistaðarbók AM 764 4to, samt den første skriveren i AM 573 40, hørte til et skrivermiljø som sannsynligvis fungerte aktivt rundt benediktinernonneklosteret ved Reynistaður i Skagafjörður, mens den andre skriveren i AM 573 4to var nærmere tilknyttet et annet miljø – nemlig det som produserte sagamanuskriptet Möðruvallabók AM 132 fol – og hadde sannsynligvis sitt virke ved Möðruvellir i Hörgárdalur.The medieval Icelandic manuscripts AM 573 4to and Reynistaðarbók AM 764 4to have strong ties to one another with regard to several parameters: the texts that they contain, the likely date and place of their production, as well as the scribes that produced them. These scribes seemed to have been active in Northern Iceland, particularly at known sites of book production within the Hólar bishopric during the latter half of the fourteenth century. These codices and the scribes that produced them have been discussed in previous scholarship, often because the two manuscripts seem to share at least one scribe and are tied to similar scribal milieus. This project re-examines the scribal hands in these manuscripts through an analysis of selected features of the language, orthography, and script, with reference to the EMROON database. Through this examination, this study delineates the scribal hands and re-assesses the dating and localisation of these manuscripts. With regard to patterns that emerge in the language, orthography, and script of the scribes, it is argued that while the scribes of Reynistaðarbók AM 764 4to and the first scribe of AM 573 4to belonged to a scribal milieu that was likely active around the Benedictine nunnery at Reynistaður on Skagafjörður, the second scribe of AM 573 4to was more closely associated with another milieu, that which produced the saga manuscript Möðruvallabók AM 132 fol., likely active at Möðruvellir at Hörgárdalur.Doktorgradsavhandlin

Model documentation report: Commercial Sector Demand Module of the National Energy Modeling System

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Commercial Sector Demand Module. The report catalogues and describes the model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, model source code, and forecast results generated through the synthesis and scenario development based on these components. The NEMS Commercial Sector Demand Module is a simulation tool based upon economic and engineering relationships that models commercial sector energy demands at the nine Census Division level of detail for eleven distinct categories of commercial buildings. Commercial equipment selections are performed for the major fuels of electricity, natural gas, and distillate fuel, for the major services of space heating, space cooling, water heating, ventilation, cooking, refrigeration, and lighting. The algorithm also models demand for the minor fuels of residual oil, liquefied petroleum gas, steam coal, motor gasoline, and kerosene, the renewable fuel sources of wood and municipal solid waste, and the minor services of office equipment. Section 2 of this report discusses the purpose of the model, detailing its objectives, primary input and output quantities, and the relationship of the Commercial Module to the other modules of the NEMS system. Section 3 of the report describes the rationale behind the model design, providing insights into further assumptions utilized in the model development process to this point. Section 3 also reviews alternative commercial sector modeling methodologies drawn from existing literature, providing a comparison to the chosen approach. Section 4 details the model structure, using graphics and text to illustrate model flows and key computations

NAMRU-3 Translations of Parasite Literature from Russian, French, Japanese, etc. into English (1934-1964): T1-T100

T8. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POSPELOVA-SHTROM, M. V. (1945). Concerning certain groups within the genus Haemaphysalis C. L. Koch, and their taxonomic significance. Med. Parasit., Moscow, 14(1):12-18. T9. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. LOTOTSKY, B. V. (1956). On the morphology of Haemaphysalis pavlovskyi Pospelova-Shtrom, 1934 (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae). Zool. Zh., 35(9):1415-1417. T10. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KUCHERUK, V. V., SIDOROVA, G. A. and ZHMAEVA, Z. M. (1955). On the self protection of small rodents against tick (Ixodidae) larvae. Zool. Zh., 34(4):948-950. T11. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. SUGIMOTO, M. (1937). Notes on ticks in the Formosan Mountain Reservation for aborigines. J. Centr. Soc. Vet. Med. Tokyo, 50:303-340. T13. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POMERANTSEV, B. I. (1948). Basic directions of evolution of Ixodoidea (Acarina). Parasit. Sborn. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (10): 5-18. T17. TRANSLATION FROM CHINESE. TENG KUO-FAN. (1955). Studies on the life-history of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neum. Chinese J. Ent., 5(2):165-180. T18. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SERDYUKOVA, G. V. (1955). On the question of differential characteristics of larvae and nymphs of Ixodidae. Zool. Zh., 34(5):1037-1051. T19. TRANSLATION FROM CHINESE. LUH, P. L. and WOO, W. (1950). A list of Chinese ticks. Chinese J. Ent., 1:(2):195-222. T20. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. BALASHOV, Yu. S. (1954). Peculiarities of the daily rhythm of dropping of engorged female Ixodes persulcatus from cattle. Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 98(2):317-319. T21. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. BALASHOV, Yu. S. (1956). Nutrition and course of spermatogenesis in male ixodid ticks. Akad. Nauk USSR, 110(6):1133-1136. T23. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. MIRONOV, V. S. (1940). Habitats of the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus (P. Sch.) in the Central Kama Region. Med. Parasit., Moskva, 9(1-2):93-105. T24. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KHEISIN, E. M. and LAVRENENKO, L. F. (1956). Duration of blood-sucking and diurnal rhythm of nutrition and dropping of females of Ixodes ricinus L. Zool. Zh., 35(3):379-383. T26. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PETRISHCHEVA, P. A. (1954). Field methods of investigating sandflies and anti-sandfly measures. (Pages translated: 3-4, 109-186). T28. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. ZOTOV, A. P. (1951). Infectious encephalomyelitis in horses. Veterinariya, (6):20-29. T29. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PAVLOVSKY, E. N. (1940). The natural foci of tickborne encephalitis. Acta Medica USSR, 3(3):187-199. T30. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KUIMOV, D. T. and DUBOV, A. V. (1958). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a syndrome of tickborne encephalitis. Zh. Nevropat. Psikhiat., 58(3):282-287. T31. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. BUSALAEVA, N. N. (1957). On finding of Ornithodoros coniceps Canestrini ticks in Kazakhstan. Trud. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk Kazakh., SSR, 7:290. T32. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. ZHMAEVA, Z. M. (1950). Parthenogenetic development of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina, Ixodidae). Ent. Obozr., 31(1-2):121-122. T33. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. DOLMATOVA, A. V. (1946). The autogenous development of eggs in Phlebotomus papatasii. Scop. Med. Parasit., Moscow, 15(3):58-62. T34. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. CHUMAKOV, M. P., PETROVA, S. P. and SONDAK, V. A. (1945). Study of utravirus encephalitis. VII. Artificial adaptation of the virus of tick and Japanese encephalitis to various species of ticks of the family Ixodidae. Med. Parasit., Moscow, 14(1):18-24. T35. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. and KOSAKA, K. (1954). Notes on the occurrence in Japan of a tick, Haemaphysalis wellingtoni collected from a Japanese gray thrush, Turdus cardis cardis. Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resour., Tokyo, (36):104-107. T36. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. GROBOV, A. G. (1946). On the question of vectors of Crimean hemorrhagic fever. Med. Parasit., Moscow, 15(6):59-63. T37. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. BALABEKIAN, Ts. P. (1954). Tick paralysis in foals. Veterinariya, 31(5):44. T38. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SERDYUKOVA, G. V. (1939). Experimental tick relapsing fever in the jackal (Canis aureus L.). Trud. Voenno-Med. Akad. RKKA, 18:51-57. T39. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SERDYUKOVA, G. V. (1945). Local mass reproduction of ticks Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum Koch in Tadzhikistan and their causes. Izv. Tadzhik. Fil. Akad. Nauk USSR, 6:60-63. T41. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PILIPENKO, V. G., SOBOLEVA, N. M., PONOMAREVA, T. N. and KADATSKAYA, K. P. (1955). The problem of natural foci of brucellosis infection. J. Microbiol., Moscow, (1):82-87. T43. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. MATIKASHVILI, N. V. and DZHPARIDZE, N. I. (1942). Larvae and nymphs of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. and Rh. turanicus B. Pom. ticks. Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruz., SSR, 3(1):73-79. T44. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PRITULIN, P. I. (1954). On the transmission of brucellosis by pasture ticks, Dermacentor nuttalli and Hyalomma marginatum. Veterinariya, 31(7):31-33. T45. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. ZIL\u27FYAN, V. N. and ANANYAN, E. L. (1953). The tick Ornithodoros lahorensis as carrier and transmitter of brucellae. J. Microbial., Moskva, (6):14. (Author\u27s abstract). T46. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. and SAKURAI, N. (1958). On the seasonal occurrence of the tick Haemaphysalis flava on wild hares (Lepus timidus brachyurus) in the endemic area of Yato-byo or tularemia in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. (A preliminary note). Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resourc. Tokyo, (48):28-38. T47. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PLYANSKY, Yu. I. and KHEISIN, E. M. (1959). Some observations on the development of Babesiella bovis in a carrier tick. Trud. Karel. Fil. Akad. Nauk USSR, (14):5-12. T48. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. (1954). Studies on ticks and bloodsucking mites infecting rats (genus Rattus) in Japan. Part I. Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resour., Tokyo, (36):108-119. T49. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K., SAKURAI, N., OHARA, S., ODAJIMA, H., KOSAKA, K. and NAKAGAWA, H. (1955). On the host and distribution records of a tick, Haemaphysalis flava, a dominant parasite of wild hares in Japan. Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resour., Tokyo, (37):127-128. T50. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. and KOSAKA, K. (1955). Notes on a tick, Ixodes turdus Nakatsuji, 1942, found on birds in Japan. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, 16-19:192-196. T51. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POMERANTSEV, B. I., MATIKASHVILI, N. V. and LOTOTSKY, B. V. (1940). An ecological and faunistic outline of Ixodidae ticks occurring in Transcaucasia. Parasit. Sborn. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (7):100-133. T52. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. TER-VARTANOV, V. N., GUSEV, V. N., BAKEEV, N. N., LABUNETS, N. F., GUSEVA, A. A. and REZNIK, P. A. (1954). On the question of transmission of mammalian ectoparasites by birds. Zool. Zh., 33(5):1116-1125. T53. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POSPELOVA-SHTROM, M. V. (1935). On the systematics of ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis C. L. Koch. Trud. Tadzhik. Fil. Akad. Nauk USSR, (5):205-217. T54. TRANSLATION FROM SLOVAK. MACICKA, O. (1958). On the bionomics of Haemaphysalis inermis in our home country. Cslka. Parasit., 5(2):121-124. T55. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POMERANTSEV, B. I. (1948). On the structure and organization of Ixodoidea (Acarina, Parasitiformes). Parasit. Sborn. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (9):13-38. T56. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POSPELOVA-SHTROM, M. V. (1935). On the ticks of wild animals of Tadzhikistan. In: Materials on the parasitology and fauna of southern Tadzhikistan. Trud. Tadzhik. Komplek. Eksped. 1932 g. Narkomsd. Tadzhik. SSR, (10):115-134. T57. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, A. and FUKUDA, S. (1957). On the life history of a tick Ixodes signatus infesting a blacktailed gull (Larus crassirostris) in Japan. Jap. J. Sanit. Zool., 8(3):147-159. T58. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PETRISCHEVA, P. A. (1964). Bloodsucking insects and ticks in the Kara Kum and their medical importance in the rehabilitation of deserts. Zool. Zh., 33(2):243-268. T59. TRANSLATION FROM CHINESE. YU-SHEN, (TZOU), CHIH-HATI, (CHAO), and MAI, (WANG). (1959). Isolation of plague bacillus (Pasteurella pestis) from Haemaphysalis and Dermacentor ticks. Acta Microbial. Sinica, 7(3):205-208. T60. TRANSLATION FROM GERMAN. NEUHAUSER, G. (1936). Diagnosis of new mice from Asia Minor. Z. Saugetierk., 11(2):159-160. T61. TRANSLATION FROM GERMAN. NEUHAUSER, G. (1936). The Murids of Asia Minor. Z. Saugetierk., 11(2):161-236. T63. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FILIPPOVA, N. A. (1961). Materials on ticks belonging to the subfamily Argasinae. Part 1. Adult ticks and larvae of the genus Argas Latr., group reflexus. Zool. Zh., 40(12):1815-1826. T64. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FILIPPOVA, N. A. (1957). Systematic groups of Palearctic ticks of the subfamily Ixodinae. Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prirod., Otd. Biol., 62(6):31-34. T65. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. MIRONOV, V. S. (1939). Encephalomyelitis of sheep (louping-ill) and its importance for understanding certain diseases of man. Med. Parasit. Moscow, 8(1):137-140. T66. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. (1960). Host and distribution records of the soft tick, Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, in Japan. Jap. J. San. Zool., 11(2):94. T67. TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE. ASANUMA, K. (1959). Studies on the relationship between chigger and their hosts, especially birds, in Japan. Symposium. 33, Tsutsugamushi Disease, 2:499-507. T68. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FILIPPOVA, N. A. (1954). On the diagnosis of Ixodes (Exopalpiger) trianguliceps Bir. from larvae and nymphs. Zool. Zh., 33(5):1053-1057. T69. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FILIPPOVA, N. A. (1957). New tick species of Ixodes stromi and its standing in the system of Ixodinae. Zool. Zh., 36(6):864-869. T70. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PERVOMAISKY, G. S. (1947). Concerning the spread of parasites of pasture ticks at the site of tick encephalitis. Priroda, Moskva, 36(11):75-78. T71. TRANSLATION FROM FRENCH. FRAGA DE AZEVEDO, J. (1960). On the diagnosis of Kala-azar. Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp., 35(5-6):687-703. T72. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KORENBERG, E. I. (1962). Role of birds in the feeding of ixodid ticks in natural foci of encephalitis in the forest zone. Zool. Zh., 41(8):1220-1225. T73. TRANSLATION FROM DANISH. JOHNSEN, P. (1943). Hyalomma marginatum Koch, in Bornholm Island (Blodmide) in Denmark. Ent. Medd., 22(5):381-383. T74. TRANSLATION FROM DANISH. JOHNSEN, P. (1943). Hyalomma aegypticum L. imported in Bornholm Island (Blodmide) in Denmark. Flora Fauna, 49:128. T75. TRANSLATION FROM DANISH. JOHNSEN, P. (1946). Contribution to knowledge to the Danish ixodid tick fauna. Ent. Medd., Kobenhaven, 24(6):397-401. T76. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. MARIKOVSKY, P. I. (1945). Some data on observations on behavior of adult ixodid ticks under natural conditions. Med. Parasit., Moscow, 14(6):60-66. T77. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. LEIBMAN, A. L. and KALIVSHKINA, E. A. (1962). Distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. in the Crimea and Marseilles fever in man. Zool. Zh., 41(8):1162-1165. T78. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. GUSEV, V. M. and GUSEVA, A. A. (1960). The habitats and mass reproduction of Ixodes frontalis in Daghestan. Zool. Zh., 39(7):1096-1099. T79. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SHATAS, Ya. F. (1956). Larvae and nymphs of some species of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch (Acarina, Ixodidae). Ent. Obozr., 35(4):944-955. T80. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PETRISHCHEVA, P. A. and ALYMOV, A. J. (1938). On transovarial transmission of virus of pappataci fever by sandflies. Arch. Biol. Sci. 53(1):138-144. T81. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. CHUMAKOV, M. P. (1948). Results of a study made of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OL) by an expedition of the Institute of Neurology. Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSR, Moscow, 2:19-26. T82. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. PETRISHCHEVA, P. A. and ZHMAEVA, Z. M. (1949). Natural enemies of field ticks. Zool. Zh., 28(5):479-481. T83. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN., GUSEV, V. M., GUSEVA, A. A., PETROSIAN, E. A. and EIGELIS, Yu. K. (1962). The role of birds in the spread of ticks and fleas. (According to material collected in Azerbaijan SSR). Zool. Zh., 41(6):905-912. T84. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SHATAS, Ya. F. and BYSTROVA, N. A. (1954). Role of ixodid ticks in maintenance of natural foci of tularemia. J. Microbial., Moscow, (6):55-61. T85. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KUSOV, V. N., AMANZHULOV, S. A. and POSTRICHEVA, O. V. (1962). On the problem of Q fever infection in the genus Ornithodoros. (Preliminary information). Parasites of farm animals of Kazakhstan. Parasit. Sel. -Khoz. Zhivot. Kazakh. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, 1:229-235. T86. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. LAPTEV, V. I. (1960). The experimental infection rate of nymphs of Haemaphysalis neumanni with Theileria sergenti and of Hyalomma anatolicum with Theileria annulata. Trud. Vsesoyuz. Gos. Inst. Exsp. Vet., 27:80-82. T87. TRANSLATION FROM FRENCH. FEIDER, Z. (1959). A study of the sexual characteristics of the Trombidioidea. Acarologia, 1(1):56-85. T88. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. TAGIL’TSEV, A. A. (1962). Peculiarities of ecology of gamasid mites taken from Dyromys nitedula Pallas in the environs of Alma-Ata. Zool. Zh., 41(5):666-674. T89. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POSPELOVA-SHTROM, M. V., VASSILIEVA, I. S. and SEMASHKO, L. L. (1963). A new species of argasid tick (Subfamily Argasinae, Family Argasidae) - Argas beklemischevi n. sp. Med. Parasit. Moscow, 32(1):61-65. T90. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SEMASHKO, L. L. (1959). House sparrows and tree sparrows as tick carriers in the town of Ashkhabad. Part 1. Zool. Zh., 38(9):1383-1387. T91. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FEDOROV, Yu. V. (1958). Further observations on the importance of wild birds as hosts of Ixodes ticks in the Tomsk focus of tick-borne encephalitis. Trud. Tomsk. Nauch. -Issled. Inst. Vakts. Syvor., 9:23-26. T92. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. FEDOROV, Yu. V. (1958). Role of bird fauna in natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis. Trud. Tomsk. Nauch. -Issled. Inst. Vakts. Syvor, 9:27-32. T93. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. SEMASHKO, L. L. (1961). House and tree sparrows as carriers of ticks in Turkmenia. Part 2. Zool. Zh., 40(7):1070-1078. T94. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. NAUMOV, R. L. (1963). Whether the taiga tick feeds on yellow and pine buntings Emberiza citrinella L. and E. leucocephalos Gm. Zool. Zh., 42(4):513-517. T95. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. NIKOLSKAYA, M. N. (1950). A new species of parasite of ixodid ticks, Ixodiphagus hirtus Nik., sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Parasit. Sborn. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 12:272-274. T96. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. LUTTA, A. S., KHEISIN, E. M. and SHUL\u27MAN (-ALBOVA), R. E. (1959). On the distribution of ixodid ticks in Karelia. Trud. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR, (14):72-83. T97. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. YAKUNIN, M. P. (1962). Spirochaetes of wild birds. Parasites of wild animals of Kazakhstan. Trud. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, 16:15-22. T98. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. USHAKOVA, G. V. (1962). On the finding of Hunterellus hookeri How., parasites of ixodid ticks in Kazakhstan. Trud. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, 16:183-185. T99. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KUSOV, V. N. (1962). Significance of different stages of metamorphosis of Ornithodoros lahorensis in the etiology of tick paralysis. Parasit. Sel. -Khoz. Zhivot. Kazakh. Inst. Zool. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, 1:236-246. T100. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. POSPELOVA-SHTROM, M. V. (1949). The ixodid tick Haemaphysalis warburtoni Nutt. in the mountains of Kazakhstan and Kirgizia. Izv. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR, s. Parasit., (7):60-65

Extraposition and pronominal agreement in Semitic languages.

This thesis is a study of extraposition and pronominal agreement in Semitic languages. By the term 'extraposition' I understand the syntactic construction in which a noun or nominal phrase stands isolated at the front of the clause without any formal connection to the predication. The grammatical relation of the nominal is usually indicated vicariously by means of a co-referential resumptive pronoun, e.g. (Arabic) Zaydun 'abu-hu tajirun "Zayd - his father is a merchant". 'Pronominal agreement' is a construction where a noun or nominal phrase whose grammatical relation is indicated by its case inflection or by an adjoining relational particle is accompanied in the same clause by a co-referential pronoun agreeing with it in number, gender, person, and grammatical relation, e.g. (Syriac) la-malka qatl-eh "The king - he killed him". Each chapter constitutes an independent study of extraposition and pronominal agreement in a separate Semitic language. These languages include Arabic, Biblical Hebrew, Akkadian, and Amharic. A single chapter is also devoted to the two Aramaic dialects Biblical Aramaic and Syriac. Both the structure and the function of the constructions are examined. The study of the structure consists of a taxonomy of the various structural types which are attested in the language. The f-unction of the constructions is elucidated by examining their role within the discourse in which they occur. These independent studies axe followed by a concluding synthesis which explores the possibilities of Semitic comparative syntax

A syntactic and semantic study of modification in the noun phrase in Classical Arabic.

This is a study of modification in CA nominal phrases at the levels of syntax and semantics. It examines the semantic and syntactic basis on which modification is made, its types and features, and the function of focus by word order change. Modification is considered here as an operation performed on the NPs, based on a structural relationship of two linguistic concepts (Head and Modifier). The study makes use of the ideas and concepts put forward by other linguists dealing with modification as a linguistic concept. Apart from the Introduction, the thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter I deals with Deictics as represented by demonstratives, the definite article and possessive pronouns. Their function as a modifier, their cataphoric, anaphoric and exophoric references are outlined, marking the identity between two units involved in the context. Other functions like generic, specific and aggregate are discussed. Chapter II discusses modification in the NP within relational sentences where it plays an important role in producing this type of sentence. Attention is drawn to the main divisions of relational sentences such as ascriptive, equative, possessive and circumstantial which are the virtual representation of the relationship between attribuand and attributive elements or rather subject and predicate. Again the sentences are analyzed along the axes in which they are predominantly marked by modification as to whether it is obligatory or optional. Chapter III consists of a discussion of the relationships holding between the relative clauses as a subordinate clause and the preceding noun as a subordinating element so that they have different syntactic status. Various semantic and syntactic criteria are given to distinguish their modificatory function. To this end restrictive and non-restrietive types are discussed, and also semantic sub-types where the relative clauses have different contextual functions. Also characteristics distinguishing restrictive and non-restrictive representations are pointed out on the basis of grammatical status and semantic choices. Other features are portrayed; specific and non-specific, attributive and non-attributive and causative relations. Syntactic features are dealt with regarding the forms and the choices which are related to semantic options. In Chapter IV, quantifiers are discussed on three fundamental axes: word class, semantic function and syntactic function. This discussion is devoted to establishing the grounds on which the term quantifier is distinguished from the counterpart numeral. The distinctive features set up in this chapter delineate the structural function of the quantifiers as a class of quantifying modifiers in nominal phrases. This involves four main features; premodifier, postmodifier, variable and invariable. Word order change is a mechanism operated for focus considerations on the transposed element. These structural characteristics are associable with semantic types as in this chapter. Chapter V treats various word classes which function within one syntactic area, the semantic implications are examined so as to show sub-semantic functions of these classes which include centre adjectives, common nouns, relative adjectives and participial adjectives which denote aspectually stative, dynamic, physical, habitual, inceptive etc. The discussion in Chapter VI is centred around the appositive structure where the modificatory relationship is between two equal elements in such a way that the omission of one of them does not affect the grammaticality of the structure. The effect lies only in the structural and semantic representations which will be affected by reducing the members of the structure by one element which represents a structural function and a piece of information. In this chapter, we deal with three types of structures appositives, genitives and fractions since they are structurally and functionally similar. That is to say, they function as determinative with two elements. In Chapter VII, a full treatment is given of the system of cardinals and ordinals. The cardinals can function structurally as premodifiers or as postmodifiers. Structurally, the ordinals are prefixed by the article al and function as postmodifier, except that when the ordinals from (3-10) occur without al- preceding the head noun, they function as premodifiers. For this purpose, tables and structural analysis as well as structural types of relationships are illustrated