Automatisoitu vuo suodinten laitteistokuvauksen tuottamiseen

Digitaalisia suotimia käytetään signaalien käsittelyyn monilla eri tekniikan alueilla, kuten telekommunikaatiossa, kuvankäsittelyssä ja lääketieteellisissä laitteissa. Ne ovat niin yleisiä, että insinöörit käyttävät paljon aikaa ja resursseja niiden toteuttamiseen ja verifioimiseen. Koska yleisimpien suotimien rakenne on melko yksinkertainen, niiden luominen voidaan automatisoida generaattorin avulla. Tässä diplomityössä Nokia Networksin vaatimukset kartoitetaan automatisoidun suodinten laitteistokuvauksen tuottamisvuon kehittämiseksi. Erilaisia tuottamismenetelmiä vertaillaan, mutta lopulta päädytään kehittämään oma generaattori. Se luo suotimia yhdistelemällä osia käsinkirjoitetusta RTL:stä. Lopputuloksena on automatisoitu vuo, joka tukee vakiokertoimilla varustettuja, yhden tai useamman kanavan FIR-suotimia. Käyttäjän tulee syöttää kertoimet ja haluttu datanleveys Matlab-skriptiin. Ajettaessa skripti luo suotimen ja verifioi sen. Vuo tukee sekä ASIC- että FPGA-teknologioita.Digital filters are used to process signals in many fields like telecommunications, image processing and in medical equipment. They are so omnipresent that engineers are building and verifying those all the time, using a lot of resources. As the structure of a basic filter is quite simple, savings could be made by automatizing the creation of filters. In this Thesis the requirements of Nokia Networks are analyzed to build an automatized filter generation flow. Different tools are evaluated, but finally a custom generator is built. It crafts filters from pieces of hand-written RTL. The end result is an automated flow which supports single and multichannel FIR filters with constant coefficients. The user has to input the coefficients to a Matlab script with the desired data widths. The filter is then generated and verified by running the script. The flow supports both ASIC and FPGA technologies

Automatisoitu vuo suodinten laitteistokuvauksen tuottamiseen

Digitaalisia suotimia käytetään signaalien käsittelyyn monilla eri tekniikan alueilla, kuten telekommunikaatiossa, kuvankäsittelyssä ja lääketieteellisissä laitteissa. Ne ovat niin yleisiä, että insinöörit käyttävät paljon aikaa ja resursseja niiden toteuttamiseen ja verifioimiseen. Koska yleisimpien suotimien rakenne on melko yksinkertainen, niiden luominen voidaan automatisoida generaattorin avulla. Tässä diplomityössä Nokia Networksin vaatimukset kartoitetaan automatisoidun suodinten laitteistokuvauksen tuottamisvuon kehittämiseksi. Erilaisia tuottamismenetelmiä vertaillaan, mutta lopulta päädytään kehittämään oma generaattori. Se luo suotimia yhdistelemällä osia käsinkirjoitetusta RTL:stä. Lopputuloksena on automatisoitu vuo, joka tukee vakiokertoimilla varustettuja, yhden tai useamman kanavan FIR-suotimia. Käyttäjän tulee syöttää kertoimet ja haluttu datanleveys Matlab-skriptiin. Ajettaessa skripti luo suotimen ja verifioi sen. Vuo tukee sekä ASIC- että FPGA-teknologioita.Digital filters are used to process signals in many fields like telecommunications, image processing and in medical equipment. They are so omnipresent that engineers are building and verifying those all the time, using a lot of resources. As the structure of a basic filter is quite simple, savings could be made by automatizing the creation of filters. In this Thesis the requirements of Nokia Networks are analyzed to build an automatized filter generation flow. Different tools are evaluated, but finally a custom generator is built. It crafts filters from pieces of hand-written RTL. The end result is an automated flow which supports single and multichannel FIR filters with constant coefficients. The user has to input the coefficients to a Matlab script with the desired data widths. The filter is then generated and verified by running the script. The flow supports both ASIC and FPGA technologies

Application-Specific Number Representation

Reconfigurable devices, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), enable application- specific number representations. Well-known number formats include fixed-point, floating- point, logarithmic number system (LNS), and residue number system (RNS). Such different number representations lead to different arithmetic designs and error behaviours, thus produc- ing implementations with different performance, accuracy, and cost. To investigate the design options in number representations, the first part of this thesis presents a platform that enables automated exploration of the number representation design space. The second part of the thesis shows case studies that optimise the designs for area, latency or throughput from the perspective of number representations. Automated design space exploration in the first part addresses the following two major issues: ² Automation requires arithmetic unit generation. This thesis provides optimised arithmetic library generators for logarithmic and residue arithmetic units, which support a wide range of bit widths and achieve significant improvement over previous designs. ² Generation of arithmetic units requires specifying the bit widths for each variable. This thesis describes an automatic bit-width optimisation tool called R-Tool, which combines dynamic and static analysis methods, and supports different number systems (fixed-point, floating-point, and LNS numbers). Putting it all together, the second part explores the effects of application-specific number representation on practical benchmarks, such as radiative Monte Carlo simulation, and seismic imaging computations. Experimental results show that customising the number representations brings benefits to hardware implementations: by selecting a more appropriate number format, we can reduce the area cost by up to 73.5% and improve the throughput by 14.2% to 34.1%; by performing the bit-width optimisation, we can further reduce the area cost by 9.7% to 17.3%. On the performance side, hardware implementations with customised number formats achieve 5 to potentially over 40 times speedup over software implementations

The Fifth NASA Symposium on VLSI Design

The fifth annual NASA Symposium on VLSI Design had 13 sessions including Radiation Effects, Architectures, Mixed Signal, Design Techniques, Fault Testing, Synthesis, Signal Processing, and other Featured Presentations. The symposium provides insights into developments in VLSI and digital systems which can be used to increase data systems performance. The presentations share insights into next generation advances that will serve as a basis for future VLSI design

Single-ended traveling wave fault location on radial distribution lines

In this thesis a single-ended traveling wave fault location algorithm is developed for autonomously locating short circuit faults on a radial distribution line using the high frequency traveling wave transients. The traveling wave pattern observed at the sub-station is correlated with the traveling wave pattern predicted using time tree analysis for different fault locations and fault resistance. Genetic search techniques are used to evolve an initial population of possible fault locations to determine the most likely fault location. It is shown through extensive EMTP simulations that the scheme is capable of finding the location of three phase faults, inter-phase faults and single-phase faults for fault resistances ranging from 0 - 1000 ohm on a radial distribution line with five sub-feeders. A new high speed FPGA based data acquisition system is developed suitable for capturing traveling wave fault data from a radial distribution line with the necessary fidelity for the proposed fault location algorithm. The data acquisition system is deployed on a Medium Voltage distribution line in the Santa Caterina region of Brazil. A branched communication network is constructed out of RG-58 coaxial cable and a Time Domain Reflectometry device is used to capture the reflection pattern under different fault conditions. The fault location algorithm is adapted to work with TDR a opposed to fault generated traveling waves. The location algorithm is capable of locating faults with resistance between 0 and 75 ohm up to three zones away from the injection point

Single-ended traveling wave fault location on radial distribution lines

In this thesis a single-ended traveling wave fault location algorithm is developed for autonomously locating short circuit faults on a radial distribution line using the high frequency traveling wave transients. The traveling wave pattern observed at the sub-station is correlated with the traveling wave pattern predicted using time tree analysis for different fault locations and fault resistance. Genetic search techniques are used to evolve an initial population of possible fault locations to determine the most likely fault location. It is shown through extensive EMTP simulations that the scheme is capable of finding the location of three phase faults, inter-phase faults and single-phase faults for fault resistances ranging from 0 - 1000 ohm on a radial distribution line with five sub-feeders. A new high speed FPGA based data acquisition system is developed suitable for capturing traveling wave fault data from a radial distribution line with the necessary fidelity for the proposed fault location algorithm. The data acquisition system is deployed on a Medium Voltage distribution line in the Santa Caterina region of Brazil. A branched communication network is constructed out of RG-58 coaxial cable and a Time Domain Reflectometry device is used to capture the reflection pattern under different fault conditions. The fault location algorithm is adapted to work with TDR a opposed to fault generated traveling waves. The location algorithm is capable of locating faults with resistance between 0 and 75 ohm up to three zones away from the injection point

Radio Communications

In the last decades the restless evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT) brought to a deep transformation of our habits. The growth of the Internet and the advances in hardware and software implementations modified our way to communicate and to share information. In this book, an overview of the major issues faced today by researchers in the field of radio communications is given through 35 high quality chapters written by specialists working in universities and research centers all over the world. Various aspects will be deeply discussed: channel modeling, beamforming, multiple antennas, cooperative networks, opportunistic scheduling, advanced admission control, handover management, systems performance assessment, routing issues in mobility conditions, localization, web security. Advanced techniques for the radio resource management will be discussed both in single and multiple radio technologies; either in infrastructure, mesh or ad hoc networks