68,693 research outputs found
3D and 4D Simulations for Landscape Reconstruction and Damage Scenarios. GIS Pilot Applications
The project 3D and 4D Simulations for Landscape Reconstruction and Damage Scenarios: GIS Pilot
Applications has been devised with the intention to deal with the demand for research, innovation and
applicative methodology on the part of the international programme, requiring concrete results to
increase the capacity to know, anticipate and respond to a natural disaster. This project therefore sets
out to develop an experimental methodology, a wide geodatabase, a connected performant GIS
platform and multifunctional scenarios able to profitably relate the added values deriving from
different geotechnologies, aimed at a series of crucial steps regarding landscape reconstruction, event
simulation, damage evaluation, emergency management, multi-temporal analysis. The Vesuvius area
has been chosen for the pilot application owing to such an impressive number of people and buildings subject to volcanic risk that one could speak in terms of a possible national disaster. The steps of the
project move around the following core elements: creation of models that reproduce the territorial and
anthropic structure of the past periods, and reconstruction of the urbanized area, with temporal
distinctions; three-dimensional representation of the Vesuvius area in terms of infrastructuralresidential
aspects; GIS simulation of the expected event; first examination of the healthcareepidemiological
consequences; educational proposals. This paper represents a proactive contribution
which describes the aims of the project, the steps which constitute a set of specific procedures for the
methodology which we are experimenting, and some thoughts regarding the geodatabase useful to
âpackageâ illustrative elaborations. Since the involvement of the population and adequate hazard
preparedness are very important aspects, some educational and communicational considerations are
presented in connection with the use of geotechnologies to promote the knowledge of risk
Multi-Paradigm Reasoning for Access to Heterogeneous GIS
Accessing and querying geographical data in a uniform way has become easier in recent years. Emerging standards like WFS turn
the web into a geospatial web services enabled place. Mediation
architectures like VirGIS overcome syntactical and semantical heterogeneity
between several distributed sources. On mobile devices,
however, this kind of solution is not suitable, due to limitations,
mostly regarding bandwidth, computation power, and available storage
space. The aim of this paper is to present a solution for providing
powerful reasoning mechanisms accessible from mobile applications
and involving data from several heterogeneous sources.
By adapting contents to time and location, mobile web information
systems can not only increase the value and suitability of the
service itself, but can substantially reduce the amount of data delivered
to users. Because many problems pertain to infrastructures
and transportation in general and to way finding in particular, one
cornerstone of the architecture is higher level reasoning on graph
networks with the Multi-Paradigm Location Language MPLL. A
mediation architecture is used as a âgraph providerâ in order to
transfer the load of computation to the best suited component â
graph construction and transformation for example being heavy on
resources. Reasoning in general can be conducted either near the
âsourceâ or near the end user, depending on the specific use case.
The concepts underlying the proposal described in this paper are
illustrated by a typical and concrete scenario for web applications
Training of Crisis Mappers and Map Production from Multi-sensor Data: Vernazza Case Study (Cinque Terre National Park, Italy)
This aim of paper is to presents the development of a multidisciplinary project carried out by the cooperation between Politecnico di Torino and ITHACA (Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance, Cooperation and Action). The goal of the project was the training in geospatial data acquiring and processing for students attending Architecture and Engineering Courses, in order to start up a team of "volunteer mappers". Indeed, the project is aimed to document the environmental and built heritage subject to disaster; the purpose is to improve the capabilities of the actors involved in the activities connected in geospatial data collection, integration and sharing. The proposed area for testing the training activities is the Cinque Terre National Park, registered in the World Heritage List since 1997. The area was affected by flood on the 25th of October 2011. According to other international experiences, the group is expected to be active after emergencies in order to upgrade maps, using data acquired by typical geomatic methods and techniques such as terrestrial and aerial Lidar, close-range and aerial photogrammetry, topographic and GNSS instruments etc.; or by non conventional systems and instruments such us UAV, mobile mapping etc. The ultimate goal is to implement a WebGIS platform to share all the data collected with local authorities and the Civil Protectio
Landslide susceptibility mapping using multi-criteria evaluation techniques in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh
Landslides are a common hazard in the highly urbanized hilly areas in Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA), Bangladesh. The main cause of the landslides is torrential rain in short period of time. This area experiences several landslides each year, resulting in casualties, property damage, and economic loss. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to produce the Landslide Susceptibility Maps for CMA so that appropriate landslide disaster risk reduction strategies can be developed. In this research, three different Geographic Information System-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis methodsâthe Artificial Hierarchy Process (AHP), Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), and Ordered Weighted Average (OWA)âwere applied to scientifically assess the landslide susceptible areas in CMA. Nine different thematic layers or landslide causative factors were considered. Then, seven different landslide susceptible scenarios were generated based on the three weighted overlay techniques. Later, the performances of the methods were validated using the area under the relative operating characteristic curves. The accuracies of the landslide susceptibility maps produced by the AHP, WLC_1, WLC_2, WLC_3, OWA_1, OWA_2, and OWA_3 methods were found as 89.80, 83.90, 91.10, 88.50, 90.40, 95.10, and 87.10 %, respectively. The verification results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility maps produced and the existing data on the 20 historical landslide locations
The State of the Art in Cartograms
Cartograms combine statistical and geographical information in thematic maps,
where areas of geographical regions (e.g., countries, states) are scaled in
proportion to some statistic (e.g., population, income). Cartograms make it
possible to gain insight into patterns and trends in the world around us and
have been very popular visualizations for geo-referenced data for over a
century. This work surveys cartogram research in visualization, cartography and
geometry, covering a broad spectrum of different cartogram types: from the
traditional rectangular and table cartograms, to Dorling and diffusion
cartograms. A particular focus is the study of the major cartogram dimensions:
statistical accuracy, geographical accuracy, and topological accuracy. We
review the history of cartograms, describe the algorithms for generating them,
and consider task taxonomies. We also review quantitative and qualitative
evaluations, and we use these to arrive at design guidelines and research
challenges
Evaluating and identifying optimal BIM communication patterns within design and construction projects
The shift from paper based communication to exchange of electronic copies of documents and drawings has made project participants overloaded with information. Electronically exchanged information could be better supported through BIM and automation of routing information using workflow management technologies to improve information availability for decision making. However, it has been observed that BIM is currently being utilized as a number of disconnected models. The built-in intelligence in BIM allows automated updating and extraction of 2D drawings, documentation and other building information. Extracted documents create extra work to be communicated to project teams. Therefore more tasks and communications are created. Accordingly, this study identifies the impacts of BIM in project team communication. It also critically evaluates electronic communication patterns and peopleâs activities by data profiling to identify variables and project characteristics that have an impact on electronic communication level
Recommendation domains for pond aquaculture
This publication introduces the methods and results of a research project that has developed a set of decision-support tools to identify places and sets of conditions for which a particular target aquaculture technology is considered feasible and therefore good to promote. The tools also identify the nature of constraints to aquaculture development and thereby shed light on appropriate interventions to realize the potential of the target areas. The project results will be useful for policy planners and decision makers in national, regional and local governments and development funding agencies, aquaculture extension workers in regional and local governments, and researchers in aquaculture systems and rural livelihoods. (Document contains 40 pages
Human Dimensions of Marine Fisheries: Using GIS to Illustrate Land-Sea Connections in the Northeast U.S. Herring, Clupea harengus, Fishery
Geographic Information Systems can help improve ocean literacy and inform our understanding of the human
dimensions of marine resource use. This paper describes a pilot project where GIS is used to illustrate the connections between fish stocks and the social, cultural, and economic components of the fishery on land. This method of presenting and merging qualitative and quantitative data represents a new approach to assist fishery managers,
participants, policy-makers, and other stakeholders in visualizing an often confusing and poorly understood web of interactions. The Atlantic herring fishery serves as a case study and maps from this pilot project are presented and methods reviewed
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