Configuration Detection of Grounding Grid: Static Electric Field Based Nondestructive Technique

Grounding grid configuration which, is key to its fault diagnosis, changes continuously with the extension in a substation. Furthermore, older substations grounding grid configurations are unknown. Existing literature regarding configuration detection mainly accounts for the magnetic field that required a gradient to locate the grounding conductor. The gradient of raw measurement in the substation vicinity enhances electromagnetic noise and distorts the results. Therefore, in this paper, we have developed a new algorithm, Configuration Detection of Grounding Grid (CDGG) based on the static electric field and the concept of ordered pairs to draw the configuration of the unknown grounding grid. Unlike, the practiced magnetic field, the electric field does not require a gradient. The maximum electric field value indicates the location of a grounding conductor. The connection between nodes is verified by measuring the electric field on the circle. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm also locates any diagonal conductor in the configuration. Mathematical reasoning and simulation results illustrate that our proposed algorithm is feasible to draw the configuration of the unknown grounding grid

A comprehensive review and performance evaluation in solar (PV) systems fault classification and fault detection techniques

The renewable energy industry is growing faster than ever before and in particular solar systems have significantly expanded. Abnormal conditions lead to a reduction in the maximum available power from solar (photovoltaic) systems. Thus, it is necessary to identification, detection, and monitoring of various faults in the PV system that they are the key factors to increase the efficiency, reliability, and lifetime of these systems. Up to now, faults on PV components and systems have been identified; some of them have physical damage on PV systems and some of them are electrical faults that occur on the DC side or AC side of the PV system. Here, the faults will be divided into groups based on their location of occurrence. This paper provides a comprehensive review of almost all PV system faults and fault detection techniques of PV system proposed in recent literature

Advances and Technologies in High Voltage Power Systems Operation, Control, Protection and Security

The electrical demands in several countries around the world are increasing due to the huge energy requirements of prosperous economies and the human activities of modern life. In order to economically transfer electrical powers from the generation side to the demand side, these powers need to be transferred at high-voltage levels through suitable transmission systems and power substations. To this end, high-voltage transmission systems and power substations are in demand. Actually, they are at the heart of interconnected power systems, in which any faults might lead to unsuitable consequences, abnormal operation situations, security issues, and even power cuts and blackouts. In order to cope with the ever-increasing operation and control complexity and security in interconnected high-voltage power systems, new architectures, concepts, algorithms, and procedures are essential. This book aims to encourage researchers to address the technical issues and research gaps in high-voltage transmission systems and power substations in modern energy systems

Selected Papers from 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2020)

The 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2020) was held on 6–10 September 2020 in Beijing, China. The conference was organized by the Tsinghua University, China, and endorsed by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. This conference has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers around the world in the field of high voltage engineering. The forum offered the opportunity to present the latest developments and different emerging challenges in high voltage engineering, including the topics of ultra-high voltage, smart grids, and insulating materials

Research reports: 1991 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

The basic objectives of the programs, which are in the 28th year of operation nationally, are: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of the participants' institutions; and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA Centers. The faculty fellows spent 10 weeks at MSFC engaged in a research project compatible with their interests and background and worked in collaboration with a NASA/MSFC colleague. This is a compilation of their research reports for summer 1991

Implementation of On-line Partial Discharge Measurements in Medium Voltage Cable Network

The reliability of power supply has become an increasingly significant factor in modern society. The aging of the existing network, the increased quality requirements of electric supply and the risk of major interruptions due to storms are factors that are driving towards the cabling of the distribution network. It is important to develop a condition management process for medium voltage cables to be able to optimize the construction and total life cycle costs of such of a cable network. Due to its hidden structure the condition of a cable network can be evaluated only by means of measurements. It is widely acknowledged that a clear dependence exists between the deterioration of the cable and partial discharges. For years, partial discharge measurements have been used as part of condition management in case of single expensive electrical equipment like generator etc. and it is proofed to be a working solution. The goal of this work is to bring out the main principles of on-line partial discharge measurements and the current situation in case of extruded medium voltage cables. In addition, aging and other phenomena leading to faults and partial discharges related to these phenomena in extruded medium voltage cables have been studied. Finally, guidelines about how on-line partial discharge measurements could be used as part of condition monitoring of medium voltage cables have been created. The nature of this work is a literature survey and the source material mainly consists of international publications. The temperature, voltage stress and moisture are the main factors that accelerate the aging of solid insulation. Thus overloading should be avoided, voltage stresses should be minimized and water proof components should be used. Cable joints and terminations seem to be the most fault prone components in the medium voltage cable network and in most cases partial discharges can be spotted before the breakdown. It is also noted that the quality of workmanship in the installation of cable accessories plays an important role while the reliability of these components is concerned. This work concludes that on-line partial discharge measurements are the most suitable for detecting problems in the cable joints, terminations or metallic shield. The evaluation of the general condition of a cable system is very challenging with current on-line partial discharge measurement systems because voltage above normal operation voltage can’t be used during measurements. In addition, in many cases also the measurement sensitivity is not good enough. With continuous measurements, reliable time to next breakdown estimations can be made. The biggest challenges for continuous measurements are related to their cost-effectiveness. The future will show whether these kinds of measurement increase or not

State of the Art Review of High Voltage Insulation Monitoring

The devastating effects of global warming and climate change are now well understood and there is broad unity that fundamental changes are needed. This is clearly addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The main perpetrator contributing to global warming and climate change is how we consume energy, which will need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The mass integration of renewable energy sources aimed to mitigate the effects of global warming, will greatly alter how we generate, transmit and consume energy. If we combine this with the large shift in load consumption, due to the integration of electrical vehicles, there is no doubt that the electrical transmission system will be subjected to major changes in future decades. The existing transmission grid is an aged and mature system, with large parts being installed all the way back in 60s and 70s, thus nearing the end of service. The existing grid has continuous performance issues and the knowledge on fault and ageing mechanisms are still insufficient. A thorough assessment of the current state of the grid is necessary in order to properly gauge its ability to cope with mass integration of HV systems, predominantly HVDC. A key part in assessing the current state of the grid while simultaneously increase its resilience is the utilization of high voltage monitoring methods, as they are key to prevent and predict transmission faults. Due to the increased requirement of long distance high capacity transmission, especially in submarine conditions, the knowledge and monitoring of cables will be of high importance. Compared to AC technology, DC have been regarded as niche and specialist field, thus have been allocated far less attention and research, hence the knowledge and technology of DC is still limited. This thesis will assess the state of the art of high voltage monitoring while simultaneously explore its role towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: UN Sustainability Goals, Partial Discharges, Tan Delta, SF6, XLPE, High Voltage MonitoringMasteroppgave i energiENERGI399MAMN-ENER

The Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto

This book presents the collectively authored Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto and accompanying materials.The Internet and the media landscape are broken. The dominant commercial Internet platforms endanger democracy. They have created a communications landscape overwhelmed by surveillance, advertising, fake news, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and algorithmic politics. Commercial Internet platforms have harmed citizens, users, everyday life, and society. Democracy and digital democracy require Public Service Media. A democracy-enhancing Internet requires Public Service Media becoming Public Service Internet platforms – an Internet of the public, by the public, and for the public; an Internet that advances instead of threatens democracy and the public sphere. The Public Service Internet is based on Internet platforms operated by a variety of Public Service Media, taking the public service remit into the digital age. The Public Service Internet provides opportunities for public debate, participation, and the advancement of social cohesion. Accompanying the Manifesto are materials that informed its creation: Christian Fuchs’ report of the results of the Public Service Media/Internet Survey, the written version of Graham Murdock’s online talk on public service media today, and a summary of an ecomitee.com discussion of the Manifesto’s foundations

Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace

This open access book presents established methods of structural health monitoring (SHM) and discusses their technological merit in the current aerospace environment. While the aerospace industry aims for weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and to decrease maintenance time and operating costs, aircraft structures are often designed and built heavier than required in order to accommodate unpredictable failure. A way to overcome this approach is the use of SHM systems to detect the presence of defects. This book covers all major contemporary aerospace-relevant SHM methods, from the basics of each method to the various defect types that SHM is required to detect to discussion of signal processing developments alongside considerations of aerospace safety requirements. It will be of interest to professionals in industry and academic researchers alike, as well as engineering students. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18203 (ODIN - http://odin-cost.com/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation