SCALING BLOCKCHAIN FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: THE AGRIDIGITAL CASE

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A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain-Based Traceability Solutions

Blockchain technology shows great potential in providing object-related end-to-end traceability in complex multitiered supply networks. However, the first systematic literature reviews indicate the immaturity of current blockchain-based solutions and highlight difficulties in assessing their object traceability capabilities. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic literature review of blockchain-based traceability solutions and analyses their object-related mapping capabilities. As the systematic literature reveals, the vast majority of the identified traceability solutions deal with low-complexity architectures without the ability to map objects' compositional changes. Here, food and medical supply chains represent the most dominant domains. Supply chains in the automotive and manufacturing domain place the highest requirements for mapping object-related supply chain events. In this context, solutions incorporating the tokenisation of objects show the most advanced object-related mapping capabilities. However, the identified advanced solutions show limitations regarding their ability to map object deletions, aggregations, and disaggregations. Furthermore, current blockchain-based traceability solutions provide only limited validations based on industrial case studies

Analysis of consumer perception as a lever for promoting local products: case of Moroccan dates

In the era of trade globalisation, especially in the agri-food sector, which has led to mass consumption and industrialised products, the preservation of the territorial agri-food heritage of each country is becoming an increasingly important issue, This has aroused the interest of both researchers working on the economy of the territory and of all stakeholders, as it will not only improve the visibility and enhancement of local products, but will also achieve multidimensional objectives, both economic (competitiveness, development of the local economy, etc.), socio-territorial (economic development of the local economy, etc.), socio-territorial (territorial attachment, preservation of local knowledge, etc.) and agro-ecological (local supply, less processed consumption, etc.). In order to achieve these objectives, particularly in the Moroccan context, this article aims to analyse the perception of Moroccan consumers of Moroccan date products, from a sector which, although it has significant multidimensional potential, faces several challenges, particularly on the commercial and competitive levels. From a methodological point of view, the analysis of consumer perception was carried out with 560 respondents covering the different regions of Morocco, using a tripartite perception model (cognitive, affective, conative component), which revealed that consumer preferences were well understood, particularly in terms of variety, organoleptic characteristics (size, taste, etc.), purchase price, willingness to pay and preferred points of sale. From the responses collected and characterising the purchasing behavior and motivation in the broad sense, the priority areas on which it is necessary to act were identified, for a promotion of Moroccan dates.   Keywords: Consumer, Perception analysis, Promotion of local product, Dates, Morocco. JEL Classification : Q01, Q18, Q5, R1, R58 Paper type: Empirical researchIn the era of trade globalisation, especially in the agri-food sector, which has led to mass consumption and industrialised products, the preservation of the territorial agri-food heritage of each country is becoming an increasingly important issue, This has aroused the interest of both researchers working on the economy of the territory and of all stakeholders, as it will not only improve the visibility and enhancement of local products, but will also achieve multidimensional objectives, both economic (competitiveness, development of the local economy, etc.), socio-territorial (economic development of the local economy, etc.), socio-territorial (territorial attachment, preservation of local knowledge, etc.) and agro-ecological (local supply, less processed consumption, etc.). In order to achieve these objectives, particularly in the Moroccan context, this article aims to analyse the perception of Moroccan consumers of Moroccan date products, from a sector which, although it has significant multidimensional potential, faces several challenges, particularly on the commercial and competitive levels. From a methodological point of view, the analysis of consumer perception was carried out with 560 respondents covering the different regions of Morocco, using a tripartite perception model (cognitive, affective, conative component), which revealed that consumer preferences were well understood, particularly in terms of variety, organoleptic characteristics (size, taste, etc.), purchase price, willingness to pay and preferred points of sale. From the responses collected and characterising the purchasing behavior and motivation in the broad sense, the priority areas on which it is necessary to act were identified, for a promotion of Moroccan dates.   Keywords: Consumer, Perception analysis, Promotion of local product, Dates, Morocco. JEL Classification : Q01, Q18, Q5, R1, R58 Paper type: Empirical researc

UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF BLOCKCHAIN ADOPTION IN SUPPLY CHAINS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN CHINA

This study adopts affordance approach to understand how supply chain managers interpret the possible benefits that can be performed within blockchain-enabled supply chain applications. With a focus on governance efficiency improvement, the impacts of traceability and transparency affordance on uncertainty reduction were examined from the perspective of transaction cost theory in supply chain industry. Partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data collected from 364 experienced supply chain managers in China. The results revealed that traceability affordance exerted significant impacts on environmental and trading partner uncertainty rather than transparency affordance, which in turn affected the adoption intention. This study contributes to the extant literature by embedding transaction cost in blockchain affordances. The findings are useful in guiding practitioners to improve blockchain system design for reducing uncertainties in supply chain environment, leading to a higher adoption rate of blockchain technology

Scalable and Socially Inspired Blockchain Architecture for the Organic Food Supply Chain

Organic food supply chains are faced with heavy pressure to increase their output to meet the global demand. This confronts various challenges including scandals, adulteration, contamination, and growing regulations. As an alternative to third-party certification, Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) are popular community-based quality assurance system that integrates the social verification context into the organic certification process. As PGS is a local community-driven system, it has inherent limitations in the scalability of reaching consensus as the size of participants increases. The organic food industry has the potential to grow globally therefore, an appropriate scalable consensus mechanism is needed to deal with community-level consensus as an alternative to the existing PGS system. Blockchain architecture with hybrid consensus mechanisms seems to be the potential solution to address the trust and scalability issues in the organic food supply chain. This paper proposes a socially inspired hybrid blockchain architecture for the organic food supply chain to address the scalability issues via hybridizing two consensuses’ mechanisms with the combined advantages of Proof of Authority (PoA) and Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA). In the proposed architecture, much eminent aspect of community-level trust is integrated into the consensus process. Furthermore, this paper presents a concept-level validation as a qualitative analysis of the proposed architecture based on experts’ opinions. Concept-level validation of the proposed model acknowledged that, in the context of social verification, the credibility of the organic products would be enhanced, and hybridization of the consensuses would mitigate the scalability issues

Removing Barriers to Blockchain use in Circular Food Supply Chains: Practitioner Views on Achieving Operational Effectiveness

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData availability: The data that has been used is confidential.The increasing demand for a sustainable, reliable and secure supply chain for food products has led to the application of digital technologies such as blockchain to improve operational effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the integration barriers of Blockchain Technology (BCT) within Circular Food Supply Chains (CFSCs) towards firm’s operational effectiveness through a multi-methodological process. Initially the integration barriers are identified through a review of literature and these risks are categorised, using evidence obtained by survey questionnaire completed by experts in the integrated research arena. A further quantified prioritisation of these barriers is made by utilizing a Fuzzy Delphi approach, validated by expert practitioners drawn from the food production and supply organizations. Finally, through semi-structured interviews with Blockchain and FSC experts, an examination of how the integration barriers affect operational effectiveness may be mitigated is provided. This paper concludes that the identified barriers to blockchain integration have real impact on the operational effectiveness of the firm that can only be clarified through industry wide standardised processes

Food supply chain in the era of Industry 4.0: blockchain technology implementation opportunities and impediments from the perspective of people, process, performance and technology

The prevention of food loss throughout the supply chain, including manufacturers, has become a major challenge for a number of organizations. In addition, consumers are also increasingly interested in the authenticity of food and want to ensure that they receive the right quality of food. To address this issue, there is a need for reliable and robust tools to be available in the Industry 4.0 era that can trace the food throughout the supply chain from the farm through processing until it reaches the customer and, thus, ensure transparency. Using the people, process, and technology (PPT) model, this paper develops a blockchain-enabled food supply chain framework including the future opportunities and the present impediments based on the systematic literature review and semi-structured case interviews from the context of emerging economies. The study investigates the suitability of blockchain technology in resolving major challenges, such as traceability, trust, and accountability in the food industry. The study further paves the way for future researchers to address the technological and people-related challenges in the Industry 4.0 era to mitigate the emerging problems in the food sector. Interestingly, we did not find many issues in process- and performance-related aspects. The study offers empirical evidence of blockchain technology implementation in the Industry 4.0 era that opens up the discussion for future researchers and lists the potential threats

Food supply chain in the era of Industry 4.0: Blockchain technology implementation opportunities and impediments from the perspective of people, process, performance and technology

Royal Academy of Engineering for supporting the authors to visit Turkey through DVFM project [DVFM 1718_1_54] titled ‘Perishable food cold chain logistics in Turkey’

Exploring Factors and Impact of Blockchain Technology Adoption in the Food Supply Chains

Globalization has also increased the complexity and difficulty of addressing these issues and enhancing efficiency in FSCs. The adoption of blockchain technology (BCT) has been proven to have the potential to transform the FSC based on its potential benefits. BCT promises to improve FSC processes. However, little is known about the factors that drive blockchain adoption within the FSC and the impact of BCT supply chain processes, as empirical evidence is scarce within the existing literature. This study, therefore, explores key factors, impacts, and challenges of blockchain adoption in the FSC