El niño abandonado en la Huelva del siglo XVII : una visión de conjunto

Este trabajo aborda la exposición de niños en la villa de Huelva (Andalucía, España) en el siglo XVII, teniendo como fuente documental básica el conjunto de 2.029 testamentos (todos otorgados en 1660-1604, 1625-1629 y 1650-1699) conservados en el fondo de protocolos notariales del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Huelva. El estudio presenta un estado de la cuestión acerca de los niveles y tendencis cuantitativas del fenómeno en Huelva y su entorno y se centra fundamentalmente en el análisis de la posición del niño abandonado y luego adoptado dentro del modelo familiar del Antiguo Régimen, en actitudes domésticas y comportamientos sociales, con referencia a su carácter periférico respecto a los nuevos vínculos de solidaridad sentimental.____________________________This investigation deals with the abandonment of children in the town of Huelva (Andalusia, Spain) in the 17th Century, taking as documental resources the whole of 2.029 wills (all of them protocoled in the years 1600-1604, 1625-1629 and 1650-1699) wich are kept in the Historical Files of Province of Huelva (section of notarial protocols). This research shows a state of the matter about the levels and the quantitative tendencies of that phenomenon in Huelva and the area around this town, and it is mostly focused on the analysis of the position of abandoned and adopted children within the Anclen Regimen family model, on domestic attitudes and social behaviour, with reference to its peripherical condition with regard to the new links of sentimental solidarity

Using corpora to track changing thought styles: evidentiality, epistemology, and Early Modern English and German scientific discourse

Most research on evidentiality has focused on classifying evidential systems synchronically; meanwhile, diachronic studies on evidentiality seem to have focused on the development of specific items into evidential markers with little regard to discourse context. This paper begins to fill this gap by presenting the results of a corpus-based study of evidential markers in Early Modern scientific discourse in English and German. The Early Modern period witnessed the transition from scholastic-based models of science to more empirical models of enquiry; this study demonstrates a decrease in the use of markers of mediated information and an increase in the use of markers of direct observation and inference accompanying these sociohistorical developments

Annotating a corpus of Early Modern English writing for categories of discourse presentation

This article discusses the process of annotating a small corpus of Early Modern English writing that we have constructed in order to investigate the diachronic development of speech, writing and thought presentation. The work we have done so far is a pilot investigation for a planned larger project. We have constructed a corpus of approximately 40,000 words of Early Modern English (EModE) fiction and news journalism and annotated it for categories of discourse presentation (DP) drawn from a model originally proposed by Leech and Short (1981). This has allowed us to quantify the types of discourse presentation within the corpus and to compare our findings against those from a similarly annotated corpus of Present Day English (PDE) writing (reported in Semino and Short 2004). Our results so far appear to indicate developing stylistic tendencies in fiction and news texts in the Early Modern period, and suggest that it would be profitable to extend the project through the construction of a larger corpus incorporating a greater number of text-types in order to test our hypotheses more rigorously. In this article we concentrate specifically on describing the annotation phase of the project. We discuss the criteria by which we defined the various discourse presentation categories in order to make clear our analytical methodology, as well as the issues we were confronted with in 2 trying to annotate in a systematic and retrievable way. We conclude with some preliminary results to illustrate the value of this kind of annotation and suggest some hypotheses resulting from this pilot investigation

La inmigración en Alicante (1650-1799)

La ciudad de Alicante experimentó durante la segunda mitad del XVII y primera mitad del XVIII, fundamentalmente, un interesante crecimiento de nacimientos y matrimonios que invita a estudiar hasta qué punto las corrientes inmigratorias pueden influir en ello. Nos encontramos ante una ciudad donde la actividad comercial y mercantil son prioritarias, unido a la fuerte presencia de una agricultura orientada también a la comercialización, y a una actividad artesanal muy mediatizada por la acción comercial. Todos los factores citados son motivo de atracción poblacional: la población inmigrada encontraba facilidades tanto en el desplazamiento como en la ocupación profesional una vez llegados a Alicante

English Agricultural Output and Labour Productivity, 1250- 1850: some preliminary estimates

This paper provides annual estimates of English agricultural output and labour productivity during the period 1250-1850, based on manorial records from the medieval period, probate inventories from the early modern period and farm accounts from the modern period. Agricultural labour productivity increased sharply in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death and remained at this higher level for the rest of the medieval period. There was a further increase between the mid-fifteenth and mid-sixteenth centuries, with labour productivity remaining at this higher level until the early eighteenth century. These pre-modern increases in labour productivity were achieved without a substantial increase in output per unit of land. The early eighteenth century saw the start of a continuous upward trend in both agricultural labour productivity and land productivity.Leverhulme Trus

The distinctiveness of Quaker prose, 1650-1699: a corpus-based enquiry

This study ascertains what is recognisably distinctive about seventeenth-century Quaker prose compared to other contemporary varieties of prose, and identifies characteristic features of that style. By compiling and investigating through corpus analysis techniques a collection of texts from a wide range of authors, I reveal key elements of the language through quantitative methods not previously applied to this subject. The study is not genre-based nor is it a literary investigation of a single author. The corpus is unusual in comprising texts by many different people within the same community of practice, demonstrating a remarkable uniformity of style and discourse. Typical stylistic features include a speech-like informal register, idiosyncratic syntax and sentence length, and I suggest reasons why Quakers developed this sociolect. In key Quaker lexis I found unexpected frequencies and usage, including findings that differ from assertions in the critical literature. Corpus analysis provides new insights into early Quakerism as well as establishing a new mode of research. My findings clarify understanding of early Quaker writing, experience and practice, dispelling some present-day misconceptions

A Critical Evaluation of South Carolina\u27s Contributions to the National Register of Historic Places

The National Register of Historic Places, as outlined in the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, records places and spaces worthy of preservation throughout the United States. The legislation indicates, “the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to expand and maintain a National Register of Historic Places composed of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture.” The National Register should arguably reflect the nation’s history, which many resources claim it to achieve: “the National Register is the nation’s inventory of historic places and the national repository of documentation on the variety of historic property types, significance, abundance, condition, ownership, needs, and other information.” However, because the nomination of new listings is a social and political process, it seems that the National Register may be a repository to show preservation preferences over time. This study investigates whether the National Register in South Carolina meets the goal of being a comprehensive repository of buildings, structures, sites, and objects that narrate South Carolina’s history, using the National Register listings from South Carolina to see if they are evenly distributed across categories. This investigation provides insight into the historic preservation movement and the National Register. A database of all of South Carolina’s National Register listings provides the foundation for analysis. Categories analyzed for each property are: National Register Criteria, architectural classifications and styles, areas and periods of significance, as well as other elements included on nomination forms. The resulting graphs, charts, and other data visualization tools represent the patterns and put forward a unique perspective on the collection of properties that encompass South Carolina’s contributions to the National Register. This thesis presents a critical evaluation of the National Register by analyzing listings in the state of South Carolina to determine whether or not it lives up to its mission of representing the diverse history of the state. Findings indicate that the 1,556 listings added between 1966 and 2017 are fully representative of South Carolina’s history, however with uneven distributions. The methodology can be replicated in other states and results can inform future investigations leading to a broader range of properties on the National Register of Historic Places

Republics in Comparison. Cross-cultural perspectives on Genoa, Venice and the United Provinces in Italian literature (1650–1699)

Italian historiographers of the second half of the seventeenth century often establish parallels between early modern republics, comparing Genoa and Venice with the United Provinces, considered as similar political entities despite their evident political differences. The article, taking into account four different sources, investigates the meaning of those comparisons, published when the absolutist model was taking root all around Europe. In the twilight of the republican state, when the power and reputation of the Italian republics was maybe at its weakest, those comparisons served both as a way to boost a supranational republican identity, and to question the strength of the classical republican constitution. This survey explores how these authors claim that, in order to survive in the Europe of absolute monarchies, those republics have to undergo a radical political change. Only by avoiding splitting the sovereignty among too many subjects, and reinforcing the monarchical element in their constitution, these republican states, no more based on the principle of equality, could compete in the new seventeenth-century political scenario. For this reason, Italian authors looked with great interest, and often celebrated the Dutch republic, considered a stronger government than that of Venice, even if it was regarded as an imperfect republic

The Surprising Wealth of Pre-industrial England

Occupations listed in wills reveal that as early as 1560 effectively only 60% of the English engaged in farming. Even by 1817, well into the Industrial Revolution, the equivalent primary share, once we count in food and raw material imports, was still 52%. By implication, incomes in pre-industrial England were close to those of 1800. Urbanization rates are not a good guide to pre-industrial income levels. Many rural workers were engaged in manufacturing, services and trade. The occupation shares also imply pre-industrial England was rich enough in 1560 to rank above the bottom fifth of countries in 2007.Long Run Growth England