Adair, then and now : an example of cooperation between school and community as seen in the Adair School District (Elementary School No. 78-2) Jefferson County, Kentucky.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the origin and development of a specific small school in a specific small community, to show how the school and the community cooperate with one another, and to present the relationship between this school and this community as an example of the democratic way of life on the local level. The school is Adair (Elementary School No. 78-2) and the community is a small section of Jefferson County just outside the city limits of Louisville. The first part of the paper -- Adair Then -- tells how the need tor a school arose in this community; how this need was met by public-spirited citizens of the community; and how, as the community expanded in population, the school grew with it. The second part of the paper -- Adair Now -- describes the present relationship between the school and the community, and shows how they work together democratically for the good of all

Taxonomic review of the genus Dirrhagofarsus in Korea (Coleoptera, Eucnemidae)

The genus Dirrhagofarsus is firstly recorded from Korea with three species: Dirrhagofarsus lewisi (Fleutiaux, 1900), Dirrhagofarsus modestus (Fleutiaux, 1923), and Dirrhagofarsus unicolor (Hisamatsu, 1960). A key to Korean species of Dirrhagofarsus, with diagnoses, redescriptions, and photographs of important structures is provided. In this work, Dirrhagus modestus f. unicolor Hisamatsu, 1960 is regarded as a valid species, Dirrhagofarsus unicolor (Hisamatsu, 1960), comb. n.Peer reviewe

Metsätaloushistoriaa tarkkaavaiselle ja kärsivälliselle lukijalle

Kirja-arvosteluKirja: Jorma Ahvenainen. 2015. Satakunnan metsätalous 1900–1960. Satakunnan metsäteollisuuden hankkima tulo ja sen jakautuminen. Satakunta xxxı. Satakunnan historiallinen seura, Harjavalta.201

A Significant Shift in the Use of Resources around the Years 1960 and 1980 in the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Australia and the United States

Between 1900 and 1960 the number of ordained ministers in Australia and the US followed a natural growth curve. Between 1960-1970 and following 1980 the number of ordained pastors remained relatively constant, despite growth in tithe receipts and membership. This paper explores possible reasons for this pattern

Agriculture in Lydenburg, 1900-1960

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 16 May 1994Historians opposed to structural analysis and working with models that place a greater emphasis on human agency have argued that white fanners were always highly stratified. For the period before 1930, a number of studies demonstrated that this was indeed the case, but very little detailed analysis emerged to show that stratification continued after 1930, into the 1990s. Instead, despite some statistical analyses showing that 20 per cent of white farmers produced 70 per cent of output throughout the 1950s, the literature is still dominated by assertions that ‘white farming’ became ‘capitalist’ or ‘experienced an agricultural revolution’ sometime between 1930 and I960. These approaches are unsatisfactory, because they ignore the majority of white farmers who made only small contributions to agriculture's GDP. Although many of these farmers experienced structural transformations, they did not become ‘capitalist farmers’, nor did they fully participate in an ‘agricultural revolution’. These farmers remained dependent on state aid and cheap labour, and their inability to become independent profit maximisers has had important consequences for South Africa's current transformation. It has provided the economic context for many farmers’ right-wing allegiances. This paper attempts to make a contribution towards a more stratified picture of white farming. It focuses on the district of Lydenburg, where most whites today appear to support the notion of a ‘boere-staat’ The paper argues that districts like Lydenburg must be differentiated from more productive districts elsewhere in the Transvaal. Further, farmers within Lydenburg were also stratified, which meant that changes in the district always had an uneven impact. From this perspective rural transformations were not homogenous phenomena imposed from above. Every change was contested at a number of levels: by white farmers threatened by the growing dominance of the market, and by Africans seeking to maintain access to land. The paper focuses on how economic processes transformed Lydenburg. From 1902 the district was gradually integrated more fully into the wider South African economy, and experienced spurts of growth that raised most farmers' standard of living. However, the paper shows that farmers did not benefit equally from this growth. Some farmers were always more ready to take risks, and thus benefited the most, while others remained cautious, failed to expand their enterprises, and struggled to retain their land. A growing number of these farmers eventually gave up this struggle and moved to the urban areas. The paper also demonstrates that both economic accumulation and attempts to retain land in the face of hostile market forces were dependent on various forms of state aid

MAJOR IDEAS IN THE HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND FARM MANAGEMENT

This paper contains two articles that discuss major ideas from the history of agricultural finance and farm management. The agricultural finance article focuses on ideas that emerged prior to 1960. These ideas are classified into those emerging from action and scientific-framing eras. The second article characterizes the evolution of farm management and production economics from its beginnings in about 1900 to the start of the 21st century. Emphasis is placed on the melding of ideas from agriculturalists and economists.Agricultural finance, farm management, production economics, Agricultural Finance,

Tremátodos Lecithodendriidae y Anenterotrematidae de Argentina, México y Brasil

En este trabajo se describen un género y una especie nuevos de Lecithodendriidae parásitos de Myotis levis (Geof.) (Vespertilionidae) y Tadarida brasiliensis (Geof.) (Molossidae) de Isla Talavera, Buenos Aires, Argentina. A partir del estudio de digéneos parásitos de Histiotus velatus Geof. (Vespertilionidae) depositados en la Colección Helmintológica del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz y asignados a Prosthodendrium cordiforme (Braun 1900), se les reubica en el género Anenterotrema Stunkard 1938 como A. eduardocaballeroi (Freitas 1960) Caballero 1960. Con Histiotus velatus se amplía el registro de hospedadores de A. eduardocaballeroi (Freitas 1960) Caballero 1960. Asimismo, material de la Colección Nacional de Helmintos, Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México proveniente de Eptesicus propinquus (Peters) (Vespertilionidae) de Costa Rica y asignado por Caballero&Brenes (1957) a P. cordiforme, se reubica en el género Ochoterenatrema Caballero 1943 como O. diminutum (Chandler 1938) Dubois 1960.A new genus and new species of Lecithodendriidae from Myotis levis (Geof.) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) and Tadarida brasiliensis (Geof.) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Isla Talavera, Buenos Aires, Argentina, are here described. Specimens reported as Prosthodendrium cordiforme (Braun 1900) from Histiotus velatus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) (Helmintological Collection of Oswaldo Cruz Institute), are transferred to the genus Anenterotrema Stunkard 1938 as A. eduardocaballeroi (Freitas 1960) Caballero 1960. Histriotus velatus is a new hostrecord for this species. The specimen reported as P. cordiforme by Caballero and Brenes (1957) from Eptesicus propinquus (Peters) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Costa Rica (Colección Nacional de Helmintos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) are transferred to the genus Ochoterenatrema Caballero 1943, and considered as belonging to O. diminutum (Chandler 1938) Dubois 1960

Notes of European Agromyzidae (Diptera) - 1.

Dreißig Arten von europäischen Agromyziden werden besprochen und ihre Stellung geklärt sowie zehn neue Synonymien festgestellt. Die männlichen Genitalien von 16 Arten werden illustriert. Sechs neue Arten in den Gattungen Agromyza Fallen, Hexomyza Enderlein, Cerodontha Rondani, Liriomyza Mik und Phytagromyza Hendel werden beschrieben.Nomenklatorische Handlungenalbipila Becker, 1908 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza luteifrons Strobl, 1906bromi Spencer, 1966 (Agromyza), spec. n.celtidis Nowakowski, 1960 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza trebinjensis Strobl, 1900conjuncta Spencer, 1966 (Agromyza), spec. n.nigrifemur Hendel, 1931 (Agromyza), Lectotype; syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900novakii Strobl, 1902 (Agromyza), syn. n. Amauromyza morionella (Zetterstedt, 1848)sulfuriceps Strobl, 1893 (Agromyza), Lectotypeveris Hering, 1951 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900Irenomyia Nowakowski, 1960 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Melanophytobia Hering, 1960balcanica Hendel, 1931 (Amauromyza), Lectotype described as Dizygomyza (Amauromyza) balcanicavandalitiensis Spencer, 1966 (Cerodontha), spec. n.occellaris Hendel, 1920 (Domomyza), syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900centaureae Spencer, 1966 (Hexomyza), spec. n.miki (Strobl, 1893) (Lemurimyza), comb. n. hitherto Agromyza mikibalcanica (Strobl, 1900) (Liriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Phytomyza balcanicacyparissiae Groschke, 1955 (Liriomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)deficiens Hendel, 1931 (Liriomyza), Lectotypeesulae Hendel, 1931 (Liriomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)tibidabensis Spencer, 1966 (Liriomyza), spec. n.obscura (Rohdendorf-Holmanová, 1959) (Melanophytobia), comb. n. hitherto Xeniomyza obscuraanomala (Strobl, 1893) (Phytagromyza), Lectotype described as Phytomyza anomalamayeri Spencer, 1966 (Phytagromyza), spec. n.tiefii Strobl, 1901 (Phytomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)czernyi (Strobl, 1909) (Ptochomyza), comb. n. hitherto Phytomyza czernyiThirty species of European Agromyzidae are discussed and their status clarified, and 10 new synonymies are established. The male genitalia of 16 species are illustrated. Six new species are described in the genera Agromyza Fallen, Hexomyza Enderlein, Cerodontha Rondani, Liriomyza Mik and Phytagromyza Hendel. Nomenclatural Actsalbipila Becker, 1908 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza luteifrons Strobl, 1906bromi Spencer, 1966 (Agromyza), spec. n.celtidis Nowakowski, 1960 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza trebinjensis Strobl, 1900conjuncta Spencer, 1966 (Agromyza), spec. n.nigrifemur Hendel, 1931 (Agromyza), Lectotype; syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900novakii Strobl, 1902 (Agromyza), syn. n. Amauromyza morionella (Zetterstedt, 1848)sulfuriceps Strobl, 1893 (Agromyza), Lectotypeveris Hering, 1951 (Agromyza), syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900Irenomyia Nowakowski, 1960 (Agromyzidae), syn. n. of Melanophytobia Hering, 1960balcanica Hendel, 1931 (Amauromyza), Lectotype described as Dizygomyza (Amauromyza) balcanicavandalitiensis Spencer, 1966 (Cerodontha), spec. n.occellaris Hendel, 1920 (Domomyza), syn. n. of Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900centaureae Spencer, 1966 (Hexomyza), spec. n.miki (Strobl, 1893) (Lemurimyza), comb. n. hitherto Agromyza mikibalcanica (Strobl, 1900) (Liriomyza), comb. n. hitherto Phytomyza balcanicacyparissiae Groschke, 1955 (Liriomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)deficiens Hendel, 1931 (Liriomyza), Lectotypeesulae Hendel, 1931 (Liriomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)tibidabensis Spencer, 1966 (Liriomyza), spec. n.obscura (Rohdendorf-Holmanová, 1959) (Melanophytobia), comb. n. hitherto Xeniomyza obscuraanomala (Strobl, 1893) (Phytagromyza), Lectotype described as Phytomyza anomalamayeri Spencer, 1966 (Phytagromyza), spec. n.tiefii Strobl, 1901 (Phytomyza), syn. n. of Liriomyza balcanica (Strobl, 1900)czernyi (Strobl, 1909) (Ptochomyza), comb. n. hitherto Phytomyza czerny

Clouds, solar irradiance and mean surface temperature over the last century

The inter-relation of clouds, solar irradiance and surface temperature is complex and subject to different interpretations. Here, we continue our recent work, which related mainly to the period from 1960 to the present, back to 1900 with further, but less detailed, analysis of the last 1000 years. The last 20 years is examined especially. Attention is given to the mean surface temperature, solar irradiance correlation, which appears to be present (with decadal smoothing) with a 22-year period; it is stronger than the 11-year cycle correlation with one year resolution. UV in the solar radiation is a likely cause. Cloud data are taken from synoptic observations back to 1952 and, again, there appears to be a correlation - with opposite phase for high and low clouds - at the 20-30y level. Particular attention is devoted to answering the question, 'what fraction of the observed increase in mean Global temperature (~0.7^oC) can be attributed to solar, as distinct from man-made, effects?' We conclude that a best estimate is 'essentially' all from 1900 to 1956 and <14% from 1956 to the present.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physic