Marital Fertility in Kingston, 1861-1881: A Study of Socio-economic Differentials

This article examines religion, birthplace and occupational status as they relate to changes in fertility in Kingston, Ontario between 1861 and 1881. The specific focus is on marital fertility which, in contrast to the European experience, was the dominant component of the demographic transition in Canada. The paper has three main objectives: to demonstrate the utility of the manuscript censuses as a micro-level database for studying complex social demographic effects on fertility; to identify the basic components of change in marital fertility for Kingston in 1861-1881; and, to determine the relative contributions of religion, birthplace and occupational status to age-specific marital fertility rates. Cet article a pour but d’examiner les liens existant entre la religion, le lieu de naissance, le statut professionnel et les changements dans les taux de fécondité à Kingston en Ontario, entre 1861 et 1881. L’accent est mis avant tout sur la fécondité matrimoniale car, au Canada, à l’encontre de la situation européenne, c’était l’élément le plus important dans la transition démographique. Nous avons trois objectifs principaux : montrer l’utilité des manuscrits de recensement comme base de données micro-analytiques, pour étudier les effets des facteurs socio-démographiques complexes sur la fécondité; identifier les éléments de base permettant d’expliquer les changements dans la fécondité matrimoniale à Kingston entre 1861-1881; et déterminer quelle a été l’influence relative de la religion, du lieu de naissance et du statut professionnel, sur les taux de fécondité matrimoniales selon l’âge

Notes on Pantopoda

Rhynchothorax mediterraneus Costa 1861 e Anoplodactylus robustus (Dohrn) 1881 dragados em fundo de Lithothamnion na região da Ilha da Trindade (20º30'S-29º22'W), são descritos. Três espécimes imaturos, em seqüência de desenvolvimento, pertencem ao gênero Rhynchothorax Costa 1861, pela primeira vez assinalado em águas brasileiras. Espécime mais jovem - apresenta tubérculo ocular semelhante a cone truncado, giba dorsal na proboscis, palpo sem o número definitivo de artículos, ovígero ausente, quarto par de pernas ambulatórias sem tarso. Comprimento: 660 micra. Espécime intermediário - ovígero presente, representado por um botão; quarto par de pernas ambulatórias com todos os artículos. Comprimento:1.215 micra. Espécime mais desenvolvido - semelhante ao adulto descrito por Dohrn (1881, p. 211-215), apresenta tubérculo ocular em forma de espora, giba dorsal na proboscis ausente, palpo com o número definitivo de artículos; ovígero 10-articulado; gônadas e glândulas de cimento ausentes. Comprimento : 1.290 micra. A ausência de olhos nos exemplares sugere a possibilidade deste material representar variedade cega de Rhynchothorax mediterraneus Costa 1861. Anoplodactylus robustus (Dohrn) 1881, descrito anteriormente como Halosoma robustus (Marcus 1940, p. 68), diverge deste último na ausência de segmentação, ovígero 6-articulado, desembocadura das glândulas argamassadoras em protuberância dorsal localizada no fémur de todas as patas ambulatórias. Caracteres anatômicos fundamentam a inclusão da espécie em Anoplodactylus (Stock 1954, p. 70)

A sectoral analysis of Italy's development : 1861 -2010

Italy‘s economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labour and capital) database by us built and presented in the Appendix, together with new Banca d‘Italia estimates of GDP by sector, this paper evaluates the different labour productivity growth trends within the Italian economy‘s sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy‘s performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labour productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (UK, US, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify and gauge the causes of Italy‘s catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyses the proximate sources of Italy‘s growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country‘s labour productivity dynamics

Preliminary checklist of the Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, and Vesperidae (Coleoptera) of Peru

A preliminary checklist of the Cerambycidae, Disteniidae, and Vesperidae (Coleoptera) of Peru is presented. Within Cerambycidae, we record five subfamilies, 55 tribes, 345 genera and subgenera, and 714 species. Within Disteniidae, we record one tribe, six genera, and 11 species. We also record one subfamily, one tribe, one genus, and two species within Vesperidae. Four new country records are recorded: one species in the tribe Anacolini (Cerambycidae: Prioninae): Cycloprionus flavus Tippmann, 1953; and three species in the tribe Onciderini (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae): Cacostola simplex (Pascoe, 1859); Marensis simplex (Bates, 1865); Trachysomus cavigibba Martins, 1975. In addition, 161 species recorded are known only from Peru

Holt, Joseph, 1807-1894 (SC 127)

Finding aid and scan (Click on additional files below) Manuscripts Small Collection 127. Letters of Joseph Holt written to family members about family matters, 1826, 1881 (2); letters concerning these early letters, 1961 (3); and typed copy of Holt\u27s speech delivered to Kentucky troops under General Rosseau at Camp Jo Holt in Indiana, 31 July 1861

Prohibition in Kansas from 1861-1881

During the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804, the liquor problem first entered Kansas, when two men were punished for drunkenness while on duty. From 1804 to 1848 little is to be found in records that gives any information on this question but from 1848 to 1861 it was a live issue. Laws were enacted prohibiting the sale of intoxicating beverages to the Indians, the Dram-shop Law of 1855 was passed, the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention was held, and Kansas was admitted as a state January 29, 1861, without a liquor control law in her Constitution. The demand for better liquor enforcement laws grew. Political parties were urged to place prohibition planks in their platforms. The improved Liquor Law of 1868 was passed. John P. St. John was elected governor in 1878 on a Republican ticket. The legislature passed Joint Resolution Number 3, a bill to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicants in Kansas, and the question was to be decided at the election of 1880. Many agencies worked for the passage of the proposed amendment. The pioneer organization was the Good Templars. They were aided by the Kansas State Union, the State Temperance League, the Woman\u27s Christian Temperance Union, the Blue Ribbon Society and the churches. The People\u27s Grand Protective Union was against any change in the Liquor Law of 1868. At the election of 1880, the proposed amendment passed by a safe majority. John P. St. John was re-elected governor, and immediately set about seeing that a law was passed to enforce the amendment. The Liquor Law of 1881 was enacted by the legislature over a protest by George W. Glick. The materials for this thesis were obtained in the Kansas State Library, the Kansas State Historical Library, the Library of Kansas University, the Porter Library of the Kansas State Teachers College and the City Libraries of Pittsburg, and of lola. The facts concerning Drusilla Wilson were\u27 obtained from Miss Marianna Brown of Carmel, Indiana. Much of the information was found in the Kansas Historical Collections. The Clipping Departments of the State Libraries gave many accounts of Prohibition. All the newspapers used, with the exception of the Girard Press were in the Historical Library at Topeka

MS-092: Phi Kappa Psi, Pennsylvania Epsilon Chapter

This collection consists of the National Chapter publications, The Shield, and The Mystic Friend as well as the local PA Epsilon publication, The Torch. It also includes local chapter meeting minutes dating back to 1855, correspondence, registers, ledgers, and roll call lists of the local chapter.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/findingaidsall/1084/thumbnail.jp

“Isn’t it time you were finishing?”: Women’s Labor Force Participation and Childbearing in England, 1860–1920

This contribution examines the relationship between women’s labor force participation (LFP) and fertility in three industrial towns of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England from a feminist economic perspective. The study augments existing, statistical, approaches to demographic history by discussing women’s motivations. Women’s LFP influenced their likelihood of family limitation (via effects on both age at marriage and marital fertility). Where women were most likely to be in paid work, they were most likely to limit family size. It is further argued that the diversity of LFP patterns is the principal explanation for the varied patterns of fertility decline in different parts of Britain

Nutrition and growth in Italy, 1861-1911 what macroeconomic data hide

We investigate how nutritional status responded to economic growth in Italy during 1861-1911. By combining household-level data on food consumption with population censuses, we estimate that the incidence of undernutrition decreased by about 10-15 percent between 1881 and 1901. Consumption of calories responded elastically to income changes, although declining with the level of household income: on average, income elasticity of calories in 1901 was in the range of 0.3-0.6. Malnutrition, defined as the inadequate intake of macroand micro-nutritients, was reduced. Overall, our findings do not support the pessimists' view, ubiquitous in the Italian literature. On the contrary, the early phase of Italian industrialization was beneficial to the nutritional status of the bulk of the population, and even more so for the poorest among the poor