Breakdown and asymptotic properties of resampled estimates

In this paper we study the breakdown and asymptotic properties of resampled t-estimates. We find that they retain the finite breakdown point of the exact estimator. We also study their consistency and their order of convergence under nonstandard assumptions on the loss functions

-TIME PREFERENCE AND INDIVIDUAL HEALTH PROFILES

A generalization of the QALY model for general health profiles is provided in this paper. Twonatural assumptions on inter-temporal preferences play a key role in arriving at our representation.The first one, Indifference to the future afterdeath, is uncontestable in our framework, and thesecond one, Preference Independence of future with regard to the past, is weaker than the usualAdditive Independence or Mutual Utility Independence conditions traditionally employed. Thesemi-separable structure obtained for the utility function on health profiles is very similar to thediscounted QALY, but unlike it, endogenous discount rates, depending on past states of health,now emerge.Health problems, Time preferences, Preference Independence

La comunicación en las sedes webs de las universidades a distancia españolas

Esta investigación analiza la comunicación de las universidades españolas a distancia en sus sedes webs. En los últimos años este tipo de universidades se han multiplicado por cuatro. Hoy en día, las sedes webs de las universidades españolas online se ha convertido en una herramienta primordial para comunicar y atraer a públicos potenciales. Es más, en este tipo de universidades la sede web es el medio por el que los alumnos conocen y establecen una relación con la universidad. El fin de este estudio es profundizar en la forma en que las universidades a distancia se comunican a través de sus sedes webs. Para ello, este trabajo ha utilizado el análisis de contenidos con el fin de estudiar las sedes webs de las universidades españolas a distancia.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Clinical Features And Laboratory Patterns In A Cohort Of Consecutive Argentinian Patients With Von Willebrand's Disease

Background and Objectives. von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is a bleeding disorder with variable clinical expression. Our aim was to classify patients with vWD and to determine the phenotype in their relatives. Design and Methods. The types and subtypes, blood group frequency and its relevance, bleeding sites, response to the desmopressin (DDAVP) test, transfusion requirements and clinical features in type 1 and 2A families were determined in 1,885 patients. Results. Our findings were: type 1: 91%, type 2A: 3.1%, severe vWD: 1.3%; type 2N: 1.6%; type low intraplatelet: 2.7%; combined 1+2N: 0.3%. Blood group O prevalence was 70.5%. Bleeding and transfusion requirements were not correlated to blood groups. The most frequent symptoms were: ecchymoses-hematomas and epistaxis and, in females over 13 years, also menorrhagia. Normal levels of factor VIII:C were found in 38.4% of the patients. DDAVP was infused in 567 patients with a good response in 80.6%. About 9% of our patients needed transfusion therapy. The diagnosis of von Willebrand’s disease is more likely in subjects belonging to families with type 2A disease than in members of families with type 1 vWD in spite of these being symptomatic. Interpretation and Conclusions. These observations provide a good strategy to identify, classify and treat vWD patients without performing molecular assays.Fil: Woods, Adriana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Meschengieser, S. S.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, A. N.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Salviu, M. J.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Cristina Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Kempfer, Ana Catalina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Lazzari, María Ángela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentin

How can destinations get engagement on Instagram? Artificial Intelligence as a tool for photo analysis

[EN] What type of content should be published on Instagram to get more engagement? This article highlights the different characteristics that the images of tourists show on Instagram with the most engagement, that is likes and comments. Understanding the behavior in a destination helps tourism managers in marketing strategies. Based on the stimulus-organism-response model, a content analysis of 49,540 photographs shared by tourists that received 3,734,384 likes and 133,497 comments is carried out. By combining the content analysis with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests, the results show that the different characteristics found in the images imply different amounts between comments and likes, demonstrating that the behavior of users on Instagram is influenced by the different attributes of the images. Specifically, images that feature people get more engagement than destination-focused ones. Additionally, scenes such as gastronomy and nature get less engagement than scenes such as old and new heritage, outdoors, and entertainment. Specifically, photos with people get greater rate of comments than likes, and if the format is selfie, they also get more comments. The implications of this research directly affect destination managers, offering clues about the content generated by tourists that produces the most engagement, thus attracting potential tourists and Instagram users.Blanco-Moreno, S.; González-Fernández, AM.; Muñoz-Gallego, PA. (2023). How can destinations get engagement on Instagram? Artificial Intelligence as a tool for photo analysis. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 123-124. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/20171412312

Sleep Disturbance, Psychological Distress and Perceived Burden in Female Family Caregivers of Dependent Patients with Dementia: A Case-Control Study

[Abstract] This case-control study analyzed the sleep disturbance, psychological distress and perceived burden in female family caregivers of dependent people with dementia (n = 74) compared with female family caregivers of dependent people without dementia (n = 74) and with age-matched non-caregiver control females (n = 74). Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and an ad hoc questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. There were significant differences between the groups in PSQI total (F = 24.93; p < 0.001), psychological distress (F = 26.71; p < 0.001) and in all sleep domains assessed: subjective sleep quality (F = 16.19; p < 0.001), sleep latency (F = 9.5; p< 0.001), sleep duration (F = 18.57; p < 0.001), habitual sleep efficiency (F = 19.77; p < 0.001), sleep disturbances (F = 9.22; p < 0.001), use of sleep medications (F = 4.24; p< 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (F = 5.57; p < 0.01). In all measures, the female family caregivers of dependent people with dementia showed the significantly higher mean scores. Regarding the two groups of female caregivers, statistically significant differences were found in daily hours of care (t = −2.45; p < 0.05) and perceived burden (t = −3.65; p < 0.001), as well as in the following dimensions of caregiver burden: time-dependence burden (t = −5.09; p < 0.001), developmental burden (t = −2.42; p < 0.05) and physical burden (t = −2.89; p < 0.01). These findings suggest that female family caregivers of dependent patients with dementia should be subject to psychopathological screening and preventive cognitive-behavioral interventions in clinical practice in primary health care.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 2022-CE081-1

El Sistema Inmune Innato II: la primera respuesta frente a la infección

The settling of a disease in an animal is not only the consequence of the invasion by a pathogen, but also the immune state of the individual is decisive. The innate immunity is the first response of an animal to a foreign microorganism, trying to eliminate the infection or to contain it until a more specific and effective immune response develops, the adaptive immunity. The main components of the innate immunity are the physical, chemical and biological barriers, the phagocytic cells, certain lymphocytes and natural killer cells or NK, and soluble factors, including the components of the complement and the cytokines that participate in phagocytosis and inflammation. The innate immune response is non-specific, that is to say, it lacks immunological memory and it develops by non-specific mechanisms, unable to distinguish the antigenic differences of the different types of microorganisms. In fact, a general response exists to protect the body as a whole: the local inflammatory processes and the systemic “acute phase response”, coordinated by the cytokines secreted by macrophages, which create more suitable organic conditions to fight against the different pathogens. But, in addition to this generalized response to different foreign agents, a characteristic innate response for each type of pathogen (bacteria and their products, fungi, viruses, and parasites) is going to develop.El desencadenamiento de una enfermedad en un animal no se debe únicamente a la invasión de un agente patógeno, sino que el estado inmune del individuo es decisivo. La inmunidad innata es la primera respuesta de un animal frente a un microorganismo extraño, mediante la cual se intenta eliminar la infección o contenerla hasta la aparición de una respuesta inmune más específica y eficaz, la inmunidad adaptativa. Los principales componentes de la inmunidad innata son las barreras físicas, químicas y biológicas, las células fagocitarias, ciertos linfocitos y células asesinas naturales o NK (Natural Killer) y factores solubles, que incluyen los componentes del complemento y las citoquinas que median la fagocitosis y la inflamación. La respuesta inmune innata es inespecífica, es decir carece de memoria inmunológica y se desarrolla por mecanismos inespecíficos, incapaces de distinguir las diferencias antigénicas de los diferentes tipos de microorganismos. Además de los procesos inflamatorios de forma localizada, existe una respuesta general para proteger el cuerpo en su conjunto, la “respuesta de fase aguda”, coordinada por las citoquinas secretadas por macrófagos, con la que se crean las condiciones orgánicas más adecuadas para luchar contra los distintos patógenos. Pero, además de esta respuesta generalizada frente a diferentes agentes extraños, va a producirse una respuesta innata característica frente a cada tipo de patógeno (bacterias y sus productos, hongos, virus, y parásitos)

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Rhenium(I) Photosensitizers [Re(Cl)(CO)_(3)(N,N)] and [Re(imidazole)(CO)_(3)(N,N)]^+: Diimine Effects

Femto- to picosecond excited-state dynamics of the complexes [Re(L)(CO)_(3)(N,N)]^n (N,N = bpy, phen, 4,7-dimethyl-phen (dmp); L = Cl, n = 0; L = imidazole, n = 1+) were investigated using fluorescence up-conversion, transient absorption in the 650−285 nm range (using broad-band UV probe pulses around 300 nm) and picosecond time-resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopy in the region of CO stretching vibrations. Optically populated singlet charge-transfer (CT) state(s) undergo femtosecond intersystem crossing to at least two hot triplet states with a rate that is faster in Cl (~100 fs)^(−1) than in imidazole (~150 fs)^(−1) complexes but essentially independent of the N,N ligand. TRIR spectra indicate the presence of two long-lived triplet states that are populated simultaneously and equilibrate in a few picoseconds. The minor state accounts for less than 20% of the relaxed excited population. UV−vis transient spectra were assigned using open-shell time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the lowest triplet CT state. Visible excited-state absorption originates mostly from mixed L;N,N^(•−) → Re^(II) ligand-to-metal CT transitions. Excited bpy complexes show the characteristic sharp near-UV band (Cl, 373 nm; imH, 365 nm) due to two predominantly ππ*(bpy^(•−)) transitions. For phen and dmp, the UV excited-state absorption occurs at 305 nm, originating from a series of mixed ππ* and Re → CO;N,N•− MLCT transitions. UV−vis transient absorption features exhibit small intensity- and band-shape changes occurring with several lifetimes in the 1−5 ps range, while TRIR bands show small intensity changes (≤5 ps) and shifts (~1 and 6−10 ps) to higher wavenumbers. These spectral changes are attributable to convoluted electronic and vibrational relaxation steps and equilibration between the two lowest triplets. Still slower changes (≥15 ps), manifested mostly by the excited-state UV band, probably involve local-solvent restructuring. Implications of the observed excited-state behavior for the development and use of Re-based sensitizers and probes are discussed

Effects of an internal sulfate attack and an alkali-aggregate reaction in a concrete dam

The alkali-aggregate reaction and the internal sulfate attack are two chemical reactions that lead to expansions in concrete structures. The former is one of the main causes of expansions in concrete dams and has been extensively reported in the literature, whereas the latter is less common and, thus, less studied. The confluence of both reactions in one structure is highly unlikely but still possible as shown by the case of the dam studied in this paper. This gravity dam exhibits significantly high non-recoverable displacements that may only be justified by the superposition of both phenomena. This paper focuses on the study of a concrete dam whose diagnosis hypotheses have changed throughout the years according to evolution of the behavior observed. The hypotheses proposed in the study are validated by conducting numerical analyses through 3D and 2D finite element models. The results confirmed the diagnosis proposed and the capability of the model to reproduce the behavior of the dam