Assessment of tropical cyclone-induced shoreline and riverbank changes at the Rufiji Delta using satellite remote sensing methods

The study aimed at quantifying changes in shoreline and riverbanks caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) and associated rainfall in the Rufiji Delta, southern Tanzania. Long term changes of the shoreline and riverbanks were analysed using medium resolution (Landsat TM and ETM) satellite imagery (1991, 1997 and 2007), while short-term changes (2013 to 2014) were analysed using high resolution (Pleiades) satellite imagery. Delineation of the shoreline and riverbank changes were accomplished through the analysis of appropriate coloured image composites, Sobel filtering and maximum likelihood classification of land cover. Analysis of Landsat data showed a relatively higher magnitude of erosion between 1991 and 2007, followed by minor changes between 1997 and 2007. Simbauranga was the most severely eroding site, with an estimated magnitude of erosion of 83 to 100 m during the study period. The maximum magnitude of short-term changes of the riverbanks were estimated at about 31 m2. Apart from the erosion of the riverbanks, other changes were the conversion of water to vegetation covered areas (amounting to approximately 200 m2). Short-term shoreline changes were up to 206 m with higher magnitude of accretion (142 m) than erosion (-4 m). The study conclusively calls for further detailed research on shoreline and riverbank changes based on the impacts of TCs on land cover

THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODELS AND REMOTE SENSING & GIS TO PREDICT COASTAL PROCESS IN CAN GIO AREA (SAIGON RIVER MOUTH-SOUTH VIETNAM)

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Detection of Mangrove Disruption due to Anthropogenic Factor in Protected Area using GIS Model : a Case Study in Konawe Selatan, Southeast Sulawesi

Coastal area is one of the rapid developing area in the world. Many activities have been running in this area such as fisheries, aquaculture, transportation, tourism and others. Mangrove is one of dominant, potential, productive, and high-value benefits of coastal ecosystems. Unfortunately, mangrove ecosystems have been damage across the country where it growths. Degradation of mangrove also happening in Konawe Selatan. Within 2009 to 2014, about 48% mangrove lost. Anthropogenic factor identified as the main drivers of mangrove ecosystem damage. Protected area can potentially conserve tropical coastal resources and provide social and economic benefits to the local communities. Delineation of protected area of mangrove is one approach being taken for environmental conservation in the tropical areas. Unfortunately, only 6,9% of mangroves worldwide are located within protected area. The aim of this study is to define mangrove disruption level due to anthropogenic factor inside the protected area in Konawe Selatan. The result shows that in protected area, there are 23,70% of mangrove indicated in low level of disruption and 63,63% in high level of disruption due to anthropogenic factor

Composite - its endless journey.

A composite, in its general term, is a solid material that results when two or more different substances, each with its own characteristics and properties, are combined to create a new substance whose properties are superior to those of the original components in a specific application, Composites are of greatest use in the aerospace industry in which their stiffness, lightness, and heat resistance make them the materials of choice in reinforcing the engine cowls, wings, doors, and flaps of aircraft. Composite materials are also used in rackets and other sports equipment, in cutting tools, and in certain parts of automotive engines

Impact of Agro-pastoralism on Grasslands in Serengeti and Ugalla Ecosystems, Tanzania

This chapter delves into the intricate relationship between agro-pastoralism and grassland ecosystems in Tanzania’s Western Serengeti and Ugalla Ecosystems. Despite the acknowledged contribution of agro-pastoralism to rural well-being and economic development, its impact on the delicate balance of grassland ecosystems remains unclear in these crucial Tanzanian landscapes. The chapter aims to illuminate agro-pastoralism’s environmental, social, and economic dimensions in these regions. Guided by research questions exploring current conditions, potential solutions, and the path toward sustainable grassland resource utilization, the study employed a systematic literature review and data analysis using R software. Key findings highlight challenges from the progressive expansion of agro-pastoral activities, leading to trade-offs between ecosystem services and productivity. The study identifies agro-pastoral clusters across the area, revealing variations in economic activities and their impact on grassland utilization. Impacts on natural resources, such as soil pH changes, reduced herbaceous biomass, and shifts in plant composition, are discussed. The legal framework related to natural resource conservation in grasslands emphasizes the need for a balanced, ecologically sustainable approach. Efforts to alleviate agro-pastoral impacts, including introducing climate-smart agriculture, are explored. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrated, participatory methods for sustainable management in the Serengeti and Ugalla ecosystems. Recommendations include promoting sustainable land use practices, implementing rotational grazing, and enhancing community involvement in decision-making

Sea level rise risks and societal adaptation benefits in low-lying coastal areas

Sea level rise (SLR) will increase adaptation needs along low-lying coasts worldwide. Despite centuries of experience with coastal risk, knowledge about the effectiveness and feasibility of societal adaptation on the scale required in a warmer world remains limited. This paper contrasts end-century SLR risks under two warming and two adaptation scenarios, for four coastal settlement archetypes (Urban Atoll Islands, Arctic Communities, Large Tropical Agricultural Deltas, Resource-Rich Cities). We show that adaptation will be substantially beneficial to the continued habitability of most low-lying settlements over this century, at least until the RCP8.5 median SLR level is reached. However, diverse locations worldwide will experience adaptation limits over the course of this century, indicating situations where even ambitious adaptation cannot sufficiently offset a failure to effectively mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions

Use of waste glass as aggregate and cement replacement in concrete

Nafisa Tamanna studied the use of waste glass as sand and cement replacement in concrete. She found that the addition of glass sand and glass powder can be a good substitute for natural sand and cement, respectively. Cairns Regional Council has successfully implemented her research on their concrete footpath trial

Alpena Port & Community Asset Inventory

The short-term goal of this project was to provide the foundation for further development of existing ports by completing an inventory of port and community assets, as well as identifying opportunities and constraints, strategies for future activities, and opportunities for regional collaboration. Examples of inventoried assets included: land use, zoning, ownership, existing facilities, uses and ownership, ferry service, environmental issues (e.g. brownfields), commercial businesses, industrial businesses and others. The long-term goal was to expand opportunities for commerce and recreation at the port