Distributional semantics and machine learning for statistical machine translation

[EU]Lan honetan semantika distribuzionalaren eta ikasketa automatikoaren erabilera aztertzen dugu itzulpen automatiko estatistikoa hobetzeko. Bide horretan, erregresio logistikoan oinarritutako ikasketa automatikoko eredu bat proposatzen dugu hitz-segiden itzulpen- probabilitatea modu dinamikoan modelatzeko. Proposatutako eredua itzulpen automatiko estatistikoko ohiko itzulpen-probabilitateen orokortze bat dela frogatzen dugu, eta testuinguruko nahiz semantika distribuzionaleko informazioa barneratzeko baliatu ezaugarri lexiko, hitz-cluster eta hitzen errepresentazio bektorialen bidez. Horretaz gain, semantika distribuzionaleko ezagutza itzulpen automatiko estatistikoan txertatzeko beste hurbilpen bat lantzen dugu: hitzen errepresentazio bektorial elebidunak erabiltzea hitz-segiden itzulpenen antzekotasuna modelatzeko. Gure esperimentuek proposatutako ereduen baliagarritasuna erakusten dute, emaitza itxaropentsuak eskuratuz oinarrizko sistema sendo baten gainean. Era berean, gure lanak ekarpen garrantzitsuak egiten ditu errepresentazio bektorialen mapaketa elebidunei eta hitzen errepresentazio bektorialetan oinarritutako hitz-segiden antzekotasun neurriei dagokienean, itzulpen automatikoaz haratago balio propio bat dutenak semantika distribuzionalaren arloan.[EN]In this work, we explore the use of distributional semantics and machine learning to improve statistical machine translation. For that purpose, we propose the use of a logistic regression based machine learning model for dynamic phrase translation probability mod- eling. We prove that the proposed model can be seen as a generalization of the standard translation probabilities used in statistical machine translation, and use it to incorporate context and distributional semantic information through lexical, word cluster and word embedding features. Apart from that, we explore the use of word embeddings for phrase translation probability scoring as an alternative approach to incorporate distributional semantic knowledge into statistical machine translation. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed models, achieving promising results over a strong baseline. At the same time, our work makes important contributions in relation to bilingual word embedding mappings and word embedding based phrase similarity measures, which go be- yond machine translation and have an intrinsic value in the field of distributional semantics

Il-forma ortografika u t-tifsira semantika fl-għażla tal-lessiku Malti fl-oqsma tat-traduzzjoni u tat-terminoloġija

Din l-analiżi turi kif is-Semitiku, ir-Rumanz u l-Ingliż li minnhom magħmul il-Malti jippermettu dinamiżmu u flessibilità kbira fil-qasam tat-traduzzjoni kemm letterarja kif ukoll nonletterarja. Il-forma ortografika u t-tifsira semantika tal-kliem Malti-Rumanz huma ħafna drabi l-istess bħal dawk tal-kliem Malti-Ingliż u dan għax kemm l-Ingliż kif ukoll it-Taljan għandhom fil-lessiku għadd ta’ għeruq komuni li etimoloġikament imorru lura għal-Latin Medjevali. Ir-rwol tat-traduzzjoni hu li jwassal it-test sors b’mod awtentiku lillqarrej tat-test mira u mhux li jippreserva l-element Semitiku fil-Malti. Għalhekk għandha ssir distinzjoni bejn lingwa u traduzzjoni sabiex jiġi osservat id-determiniżmu lingwisitku stabbilit mill-awtur tal-lingwa sors fl-għażla tal-lessiku li twassal għar-replika vera tat-test oriġinali fil-lingwa mira tat-traduttur.peer-reviewe

Semantika Dalam Perkembangan Desain Produk Permainan Congklak Jogja Dan Solo

Traditional product development as the output of society cannot be seperated from the culture which includes sociology, time and spacial aspect between a man with another and the environment. Therefore, as a country constructed by culture, the history of local product development should be analized from semantics point of view. Jogja and Solo become a numerous history laboratories because they still mantain local values in semantics interpretation of their symbols. An interesting phenomena occur in differences of local culture artefacts based on the characteristics of the society and historical time-line although they came from one root of culture, for instance : congklak, a traditional game which is still developed nowadays. As a boardgame which is be the sosio-culture reflection of a society, we can do a deep investigation of the semantic background. Local product development cannot leave semantics so the local values will not dissapeared and be sustainable. The purpose of this research is documenting and analysing semantics that are well-known by craftmen and society in every detail of congklakboard development so the values can be mantained without leaving the local characteristic of the society

Mis-semantika Maltija : termini deskrittivi bil-Malti ghall-kuluri

The field of colour terminology is a complex one and translators may find difficulties in their work since semantic systems of different languages may differ considerably from each other. This paper proposes a system for Maltese colour terminology based on an amalgamation of the theoretical consideration of Berlin and Kay and the three-dimensional method for colour naming designed by the Inter-Society Color CounciI and the National Bureau of Standards (ISCC-NBS). It also examines some cultural aspects of colours in a Maltese context. The end result is a systematic order that exhibits certain marked differences that can aid translation equivalence.peer-reviewe

Knjiga o dijakronijskoj semantici

Ida Rafaelli: Značenje kroz vrijeme. Poglavlja iz dijakronijske semantike, Zagreb: Naklada Disput, 2008

KATSELISED MEETODID TÄHENDUSE UURIMISEL

Käesolev artikkel on lühike ja ülevaatlik sissejuhatus katselistesse meetoditesse tähenduse uurimisel. Artiklis tuuakse välja põhjuseid, miks katselisi meetodeid tähenduse uurimisel kasutada ja miks ainult ühel viisil kogutud andmetest ei piisa. Artikli esimene pool käsitleb katselisi meetodeid võrdlevalt introspektsiooni ja korpusanalüüsiga. Artikli teises pooles kirjeldatakse eri tüüpi katseid, mida võib laias laastus jagada moodustuskatseteks (vaba moodustuse katse, sunnitud valiku katse, väljamõeldud stiimuliga moodustuskatse) ja arusaamiskatseteks (klassifitseerimiskatse, sobituskatse, vastuvõetavuse hindamise katse, ajaliselt mõõdetud verifitseerimine) ning loetleb vastavaid Eestis ja mujal tehtud (ruumi)semantika uurimusi