111,289 research outputs found
Evidence for Thermally Activated Spontaneous Fluxoid Formation in Superconducting Thin-Film Rings
We have observed spontaneous fluxoid generation in thin-film rings of the
amorphous superconductor MoSi, cooled through the normal-superconducting
transition, as a function of quench rate and externally applied magnetic field,
using a variable sample temperature scanning SQUID microscope. Our results can
be explained using a model of freezout of thermally activated fluxoids,
mediated by the transport of bulk vortices across the ring walls. This
mechanism is complementary to a mechanism proposed by Kibble and Zurek, which
only relies on causality to produce a freezout of order parameter fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Inter-arrival times of message propagation on directed networks
One of the challenges in fighting cybercrime is to understand the dynamics of
message propagation on botnets, networks of infected computers used to send
viruses, unsolicited commercial emails (SPAM) or denial of service attacks. We
map this problem to the propagation of multiple random walkers on directed
networks and we evaluate the inter-arrival time distribution between successive
walkers arriving at a target. We show that the temporal organization of this
process, which models information propagation on unstructured peer to peer
networks, has the same features as SPAM arriving to a single user. We study the
behavior of the message inter-arrival time distribution on three different
network topologies using two different rules for sending messages. In all
networks the propagation is not a pure Poisson process. It shows universal
features on Poissonian networks and a more complex behavior on scale free
networks. Results open the possibility to indirectly learn about the process of
sending messages on networks with unknown topologies, by studying inter-arrival
times at any node of the network.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Shell-model studies on exotic nuclei around 132Sn
The study of exotic nuclei around 132Sn is a subject of current experimental
and theoretical interest. Experimental information for nuclei in the vicinity
of 132Sn, which have been long inaccessible to spectroscopic studies, is now
available thanks to new advanced facilities and techniques. The experimental
data which have been now become available for these neutron-rich nuclei may
suggest a modification in the shell structure. They are, in fact, somewhat
different from what one might expect by extrapolating the existing results for
N<82, and as a possible explanation a change in the single-proton level scheme
has been suggested. The latter would be caused by a more diffuse nuclear
surface, and could be seen as a precursor of major effects which should show up
at larger neutron excess. New data offer therefore the opportunity to test the
shell model and look for a possible evolution of shell structure when going
toward neutron drip line. This is stimulating shell-model studies in this
region. Here, we present an overview of recent shell-model studies of 132Sn
neighbors, focusing attention on those calculations employing realistic
effective interactions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 tables, invited talk at INPC2007, Tokyo, Japan, June 3-8
2007. To be published in Nuclear Physics
Vertical spillovers from multinational enterprises: Does technological gap matter?
Foreign direct investment (FDI) from Multinational enterprises
(MNEs) can augment the productivity of domestic firms insofar as knowledge
“spills over” from foreign investors to local producers. The capacity of local
companies to exploit knowledge from MNEs can be affected by the technology
gap between foreign and local enterprises at both horizontal (in the same industry)
and vertical (in different industries) level. Whereas most of the empirical
literature has focused exclusively on the analysis of horizontal and backward
spillovers (i.e. between MNEs and local suppliers), the present paper also
examines the relationship between FDI-related spillovers and technological gap
in the Italian manufacturing sector at forward level (i.e. between MNEs and
local buyers). Results suggest that at both intra-industry and forward level, the
technological gap is of considerable importance for the spillover effect, particularly
in the case of low-medium gap
Semiclassical states for weakly coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger systems
We consider systems of weakly coupled Schr\"odinger equations with
nonconstant potentials and we investigate the existence of nontrivial
nonnegative solutions which concentrate around local minima of the potentials.
We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for a sequence of least energy
solutions to concentrate.Comment: 23 pages, no figure
A 6-12 GHz Analogue Lag-Correlator for Radio Interferometry
Aims: We describe a 6-12 GHz analogue correlator that has been developed for
use in radio interferometers. Methods: We use a lag-correlator technique to
synthesis eight complex spectral channels. Two schemes were considered for
sampling the cross-correlation function, using either real or complex
correlations, and we developed prototypes for both of them. We opted for the
``add and square'' detection scheme using Schottky diodes over the more
commonly used active multipliers because the stability of the device is less
critical. Results: We encountered an unexpected problem, in that there were
errors in the lag spacings of up to ten percent of the unit spacing. To
overcome this, we developed a calibration method using astronomical sources
which corrects the effects of the non-uniform sampling as well as gain error
and dispersion in the correlator.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Correlations and Omori law in Spamming
The most costly and annoying characteristic of the e-mail communication
system is the large number of unsolicited commercial e-mails, known as spams,
that are continuously received. Via the investigation of the statistical
properties of the spam delivering intertimes, we show that spams delivered to a
given recipient are time correlated: if the intertime between two consecutive
spams is small (large), then the next spam will most probably arrive after a
small (large) intertime. Spam temporal correlations are reproduced by a
numerical model based on the random superposition of spam sequences, each one
described by the Omori law. This and other experimental findings suggest that
statistical approaches may be used to infer how spammers operate.Comment: Europhysics Letters, to appea
Bonn Potential and Shell-Model Calculations for 206,205,204Pb
The structure of the nuclei 206,205,204Pb is studied interms of shell model
employing a realistic effective interaction derived from the Bonn A
nucleon-nucleon potential. The energy spectra, binding energies and
electromagnetic properties are calculated and compared with experiment. A very
good overall agreement is obtained. This evidences the reliability of our
realistic effective interaction and encourages use of modern realistic
potentials in shell-model calculations for heavy-mass nuclei.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Potato R1 resistance gene confers resistance against Phytophthora infestans in transgenic tomato plants
Tomato is challenged by several pathogens which cause loss of production. One such pathogen is the oomycete Phytophthora infestans which is able to attack all the aerial parts of the plant. Although a wide range of resistance sources are available, genetic control of this disease is not yet successful. Pyramiding R-genes through genetic transformation could be a straightforward way to produce tomato and potato lines carrying durable resistance to P. infestans. In this work the R1 potato gene was transferred into tomato lines. The tomato transgenic lines were analyzed by using q-RT-PCR and progeny segregation to determine the gene copy number. To test the hypothesis that R1 represents a specifically regulated R-gene, transgenic tomato plants were inoculated with P. infestans isolate 88133 and IPO. All the plants containing the R1 gene were resistant to the late blight isolate IPO-0 and susceptible to isolate 88133. These results provide evidence for specific activation of the R1 gene during pathogen challenge. Furthermore, evidence for enhancement of PR-1 gene expression during P. infestans resistance response was obtained
Asymptotic profile of positive solutions of Lane-Emden problems in dimension two
We consider families of solutions to the problem
\begin{equation}\label{problemAbstract} \left\{\begin{array}{lr}-\Delta u= u^p
& \mbox{ in }\Omega\\ u>0 & \mbox{ in }\Omega\\ u=0 & \mbox{ on }\partial
\Omega \end{array}\right.\tag{} \end{equation} where and
is a smooth bounded domain of . We give a complete
description of the asymptotic behavior of as ,
under the condition \[p\int_{\Omega} |\nabla u_p|^2\,dx\rightarrow
\beta\in\mathbb R\qquad\mbox{ as }.\
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