2,207 research outputs found
Radiative corrections of order O(alpha E_e/m_N) to Sirlin's radiative corrections of order O(alpha/pi) to neutron lifetime
We calculate the radiative corrections of order O(alpha E_e/m_N) as
next-to-leading order corrections in the large nucleon mass expansion to
Sirlin's radiative corrections of order O(alpha/pi) to the neutron lifetime.
The calculation is carried out within a quantum field theoretic model of strong
low-energy pion--nucleon interactions described by the linear sigma-model (LsM)
with chiral SU(2)xSU(2) symmetry and electroweak hadron-hadron, hadron-lepton
and lepton-lepton interactions for the electron-lepton family with SU(2)_L x
U(1)_Y symmetry of the Standard Electroweak Model (SEM). Such a quantum field
theoretic model is some kind a hadronized version of the Standard Model (SM).
From a gauge invariant set of the Feynman diagrams with one-photon exchanges we
reproduce Sirlin's radiative corrections of order O(alpha/pi), calculated to
leading order in the large nucleon mass expansion, and calculate
next-to-leading corrections of order O(alpha E_e/m_N). This confirms Sirlin's
confidence level of the radiative corrections O(alpha E_e/m_N). The
contributions of the LsM are taken in the limit of the infinite mass of the
scalar isoscalar sigma-meson. In such a limit the LsM reproduces the results of
the current algebra (Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 18}, 188 (1967)) in the
form of effective chiral Lagrangians of pion-nucleon interactions with
non--linear realization of chiral SU(2)xSU(2) symmetry. In such a limit the
LM is also equivalent to Gasser-Leutwyler's chiral quantum field theory
or chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) with chiral SU(2)xSU(2)symmetry and the
exponential parametrization of a pion-field (Ecker, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.
{\bf 35}, 1 (1995)).Comment: 50 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1805.0970
Standard Electroweak Interactions in Gravitational Theory with Chameleon Field and Torsion
We propose a version of a gravitational theory with the torsion field,
induced by the chameleon field. Following Hojman et al. Phys. Rev. D17, 3141
(1976) the results, obtained in Phys. Rev. D90, 045040 (2014), are generalised
by extending the Einstein gravity to the Einstein-Cartan gravity with the
torsion field as a gradient of the chameleon field through a modification of
local gauge invariance of minimal coupling in the Weinberg-Salam electroweak
model. The contributions of the chameleon (torsion) field to the observables of
electromagnetic and weak processes are calculated. Since in our approach the
chameleon-photon coupling constant beta_(gamma) is equal to the
chameleon-matter coupling constant beta, i.e. beta_(gamma) = beta, the
experimental constraints on beta, obtained in terrestrial laboratories by T.
Jenke et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 115105 (2014)) and by H. Lemmel et al.
(Phys. Lett. B743, 310 (2015)), can be used for the analysis of astrophysical
sources of chameleons, proposed by C. Burrage et al. (Phys. Rev. D79, 044028
(2009)), A.-Ch. Davis et al. (Phys. Rev. D80, 064016 (2009), and in references
therein, where chameleons induce photons because of direct chameleon-photon
transitions in the magnetic fields.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
Nilpotent extensions of minimal homeomorphisms
In this paper we study topological cocycles for minimal homeomorphisms on a
compact metric space. We introduce a notion of an essential range for
topological cocycles with values in a locally compact group, and we show that
this notion coincides with the well known topological essential range if the
group is abelian. We define then a regularity condition for cocycles and prove
several results on the essential ranges and the orbit closures of the skew
product of regular cocycles. Furthermore we show that recurrent cocycles for a
minimal rotation on a locally connected compact group are always regular,
supposed that their ranges are in a nilpotent group, and then their essential
ranges are almost connected
Neutron Dark Matter Decays and Correlation Coefficients of Neutron Beta Decays
As we have pointed out in (arXiv:1806.10107 [hep-ph]), the existence of
neutron dark matter decay modes "n -> chi + anything", where "chi" is a dark
matter fermion, for the solution of the neutron lifetime problem changes
priorities and demands to describe the neutron lifetime "tau_n = 888.0(2.0)s",
measured in beam experiments and defined by the decay modes "n -> p +
anything", in the Standard Model (SM). The latter requires the axial coupling
constant "lambda" to be equal to "lambda = - 1.2690" (arXiv:1806.10107
[hep-ph]). Since such an axial coupling constant is excluded by experimental
data reported by the PERKEO II and UCNA Collaborations, the neutron lifetime
"tau_n = 888.0(2.0)s" can be explained only by virtue of interactions beyond
the SM, namely, by the Fierz interference term of order "b ~ - 10^{-2}"
dependent on scalar and tensor coupling constants. We give a complete analysis
of all correlation coefficients of the neutron beta decays with polarized
neutron, taking into account the contributions of scalar and tensor
interactions beyond the SM with the Fierz interference term "b ~ - 10^{-2}". We
show that the obtained results agree well with the contemporary experimental
data that does not prevent the neutron with the rate of the decay modes "n -> p
+ anything", measured in beam experiments, to have dark matter decay modes "n
-> chi + anything".Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1805.03880, arXiv:1806.10107, arXiv:1807.04604, it is accepted for
publication in Nuclear Physics
Tests of the Standard Model in Neutron Beta Decay with Polarized Neutron and Electron and Unpolarized Proton
We analyse the electron--energy and angular distribution of the neutron beta
decay with polarized neutron and electron and unpolarized proton, calculated in
Phys. Rev. C 95, 055502 (2017) within the Standard Model (SM), by taking into
account the contributions of interactions beyond the SM. After the absorption
of vector and axial vector contributions by the axial coupling constant and
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element (Bhattacharya et al., Phys. Rev.
D 85, 054512 (2012) and so on) these are the contributions of scalar and tensor
interactions only. The neutron lifetime, correlation coefficients and their
averaged values, and asymmetries of the neutron beta decay with polarized
neutron and electron are adapted to the analysis of experimental data on
searches of contributions of interactions beyond the SM. Using the obtained
results we propose some estimates of the values of the scalar and tensor
coupling constants of interactions beyond the SM. We use the estimate of the
Fierz interference term "b_F = - 0.0028 +/- 0.0026" by Hardy and Towner (Phys.
Rev. C 91, 025501 (2015)), the neutron lifetime "tau_n = 880.2(1.0)s"(Particle
Data Group, Chin. Phys. C 40, 100001 (2016)) and the experimental data
"N_{\exp} = 0.067 +/- 0.011_{\rm stat.} +/- 0.004_{\rm syst.}" for the averaged
value of the correlation coefficient of the neutron-electron spin-spin
correlations, measured by Kozela et al. (Phys. Ref. C 85, 045501 (2012)). The
contributions of G-odd correlations are calculated and found at the level of
10^{-5} in agreement with the results obtained by Gardner and Plaster (Phys.
Rev. C 87, 065504 (2013)).Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur
Reference values for fatigued versus non-fatigued limb symmetry index measured by a newly designed single-leg hop test battery in healthy subjects : a pilot study
There is sparse evidence for return to sport criteria after knee injury. Functional performance deficits, particularly in fatigued muscular condition, should be verified prior to the attempt to return to high-risk pivoting sports. The purpose of this study was to generate reference values for the limb symmetry index (LSI) of healthy subjects in fatigued and non-fatigued muscular condition in a newly designed test battery
FAST: Towards safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy of persistent life-threatening food allergies.
To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.ABSTRACT: The FAST project (Food Allergy Specific Immunotherapy) aims at the development of safe and effective treatment of food allergies, targeting prevalent, persistent and severe allergy to fish and peach. Classical allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT), using subcutaneous injections with aqueous food extracts may be effective but has proven to be accompanied by too many anaphylactic side-effects. FAST aims to develop a safe alternative by replacing food extracts with hypoallergenic recombinant major allergens as the active ingredients of SIT. Both severe fish and peach allergy are caused by a single major allergen, parvalbumin (Cyp c 1) and lipid transfer protein (Pru p 3), respectively. Two approaches are being evaluated for achieving hypoallergenicity, i.e. site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification. The most promising hypoallergens will be produced under GMP conditions. After pre-clinical testing (toxicology testing and efficacy in mouse models), SCIT with alum-absorbed hypoallergens will be evaluated in phase I/IIa and IIb randomized double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) clinical trials, with the DBPC food challenge as primary read-out. To understand the underlying immune mechanisms in depth serological and cellular immune analyses will be performed, allowing identification of novel biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy. FAST aims at improving the quality of life of food allergic patients by providing a safe and effective treatment that will significantly lower their threshold for fish or peach intake, thereby decreasing their anxiety and dependence on rescue medication
EULAR points to consider for the development, evaluation and implementation of mobile health applications aiding self-management in people living with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases
Background: Mobile health applications (apps) are available to enable people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to better self-manage their health. However, guidance on the development and evaluation of such apps is lacking.
Objectives: The objective of this EULAR task force was to establish points to consider (PtC) for the development, evaluation and implementation of apps for self-management of RMDs.
Methods: A systematic literature review of app content and development strategies was conducted, followed by patient focus group and an online survey. Based on this information and along with expert opinion, PtC were formulated in a face-to-face meeting by a multidisciplinary task force panel of experts, including two patient research partners. The level of agreement among the panel in regard to each PtC was established by anonymous online voting.
Results: Three overarching principles and 10 PtC were formulated. Three PtC are related to patient safety, considered as a critical issue by the panel. Three were related to relevance of the content and functionalities. The requirement for transparency around app development and funding sources, along with involvement of relevant health professionals were also raised. Ease of app access across ages and abilities was highlighted, in addition to considering the cost-benefit of apps from the outset. The level of agreement was from 8.8 to 9.9 out of 10.
Conclusion: These EULAR PtC provide guidance on important aspects that should be considered for the development, evaluation and implementation of existing and new apps
Systematic review of the effects of the intestinal microbiota on selected nutrients and non-nutrients
The systematic review demonstrates that the IM plays a major role in the breakdown and transformation of the dietary substrates examined. However, recent human data are limited with the exception of data from studies examining fibres and polyphenols. Results observed in relation with dietary substrates were not always consistent or coherent across studies and methodological limitations and differences in IM analyses made comparisons difficult. Moreover, non-digestible components likely to reach the colon are often not well defined or characterised in studies making comparisons between studies difficult if not impossible. Going forward, further rigorously controlled randomised human trials with well-defined dietary substrates and utilizing omic-based technologies to characterise and measure the IM and their functional activities will advance the field. Current evidence suggests that more detailed knowledge of the metabolic activities and interactions of the IM hold considerable promise in relation with host health
A multi-level study of recombinant Pichia pastoris in different oxygen conditions
Background: Yeasts are attractive expression platforms for many recombinant proteins, and there is evidence for an important interrelation between the protein secretion machinery and environmental stresses. While adaptive responses to such stresses are extensively studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, little is known about their impact on the physiology of Pichia pastoris. We have recently reported a beneficial effect of hypoxia on recombinant Fab secretion in P. pastoris chemostat cultivations. As a consequence, a systems biology approach was used to comprehensively identify cellular adaptations to low oxygen availability and the additional burden of protein production. Gene expression profiling was combined with proteomic analyses and the 13C isotope labelling based experimental determination of metabolic fluxes in the central carbon metabolism. Results: The physiological adaptation of P. pastoris to hypoxia showed distinct traits in relation to the model yeast S. cerevisiae. There was a positive correlation between the transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic fluxes adaptation of P. pastoris core metabolism to hypoxia, yielding clear evidence of a strong transcriptional regulation component of key pathways such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle. In addition, the adaptation to reduced oxygen revealed important changes in lipid metabolism, stress responses, as well as protein folding and trafficking. Conclusions: This systems level study helped to understand the physiological adaptations of cellular mechanisms to low oxygen availability in a recombinant P. pastoris strain. Remarkably, the integration of data from three different levels allowed for the identification of differences in the regulation of the core metabolism between P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae. Detailed comparative analysis of the transcriptomic data also led to new insights into the gene expression profiles of several cellular processes that are not only susceptible to low oxygen concentrations, but might also contribute to enhanced protein secretion
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