Seasonal variations of Saanen goat milk composition and the impact of climatic conditions

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of climatic conditions and their impact on seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk produced over a period of 4 years. Lactation period (early, mid and late) and year were considered as factors that influence physico-chemical composition of milk. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was calculated between the physico-chemical characteristics of milk (fat, proteins, lactose, non-fat dry matter, density, freezing point, pH, titrable acidity) and climatic condition parameters (air temperature, temperature humidity index-THI, solar radiation duration, relative humidity). Results showed that all physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk varied significantly throughout the lactation period and years. The decrease of fat, protein, non-fat dry matter and lactose content in goat milk during the mid-lactation period was more pronounced than was previously reported in the literature. The highest values for these characteristics were recorded in the late lactation period. Observed variations were explained by negative correlation between THI and the physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk. This indicated that Saanen goats were very prone to heat stress, which implied the decrease of physico-chemical characteristics during hot summers

Physico-chemical Characteristics of Composites Material Based on Sulfonated Cyclone Fibre Cellulose and Benzotriazole

Composites material based on sulfonated cyclone fibre cellulose (SCFC) and benzotriazole (Btri) have been prepared. Cyclone fibre cellulose (CFC) was sulfonated with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate (TMSCS), with high degree of sulfonation (150%). The composites material, SCFC-Btri were prepared by doping of benzotriazole in various mole ratios (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5). FTIR spectrum has confirmed the ionic interaction between sulfonic acid from sulfonated cyclone fibre cellulose and benzotriazole units. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the composites material was thermally stable up to 150 °C. The results showed that methanol permeability of the composite material was lower than pristine Nafion112. Activation energy obtained for the materials are 0. 106 eV, 0.144 eV and 0.137 eV for SCFC-Btri mole ratios 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 respectively, composites material was expected to be used as raw material in the fuel cell

Biomimetic apatite sintered at very low temperature by spark plasma sintering: Physico-chemistry and microstructure aspects

Nanocrystalline apatites analogous to bone mineral are very promising materials for the preparation of highly bioactive ceramics due to their unique intrinsic physico-chemical characteristics. Their surface reactivity is indeed linked to the presence of a metastable hydrated layer on the surface of the nanocrystals. Yet the sintering of such apatites by conventional techniques, at high temperature, strongly alters their physico-chemical characteristics and biological properties, which points out the need for "softer" sintering processes limiting such alterations. In the present work a non-conventional technique, spark plasma sintering, was used to consolidate such nanocrystalline apatites at non-conventional, very low temperatures (T° < 300 °C) so as to preserve the surface hydrated layer present on the nanocrystals. The bioceramics obtained were then thoroughly characterized by way of complementary techniques. In particular, microstructural, nanostructural and other major physico-chemical features were investigated and commented on. This work adds to the current international concern aiming at improving the capacities of present bioceramics, in view of elaborating a new generation of resorbable and highly bioactive ceramics for bone tissue engineering

MINERAL CONTENT AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN

OES. Characteristic moisture content, ash content, electrical conductivity and pH are also performed. The Largest mineral content of honey is K up to 113,74 mg/L followed by Ca, Mg dan Na (mg/L), respectively 80,68; 28,37; 17,1. Some micro mineral found in Terasa’s honey such as; Fe, Se, Ni, V and Co (mg/L), respectively 0,976; 0,078; 0,11; 0,042; dan 0,035. Heavy metal Cd is also present in very small concentrations average 0,005 mg/LKeyword; multifloral honey, mineral content, moisture content, ash content, conductivity, p

Physico-chemical Characteristics Of Ethanol–diesel Blend Fuel

In this research we are discussing the physicochemical characteristics of sweet diesel after desulphurization alone and also these characteristics are tested with the adding of high purity HPLC ethanol (99.9%). Those fuel properties of ethanol blended with diesel were experimentally determined to find their stability and to increase their properties and efficiency in the diesel engines. First, we made 4 blends of diesel with ethanol and the fifth sample was pure diesel. The samples were 0% ethanol and 100 % diesel, the second sample was 5% ethanol and 95 % diesel, the third sample was 10 % ethanol and 90% diesel, the fourth sample was 15 % ethanol and 85 % diesel and the fifth and last sample was 20 % ethanol and 80 % diesel. The physicochemical characteristics of the diesel ethanol blends were determined by the following experiments (cetane number, ASTM distillation, flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, ASTM density and calorific value). the aim of this research is to obtain an optimum blend of diesel ethanol fuel to help in improving the diesel engines and to lower the emission in the engine and the exhaust gases produced in the engines. This blend we obtained in this research was done to meet the EURO 5 standards and regulations, also to help to make an economic improvement in the industry of diesel in Egypt and in the world. The diesel ethanol blend was to be an effective fuel as we will see in the different tests and ASTM methods. Many tests and experiments done during this research project and the obtained results were similar to the EURO 5 standard emissions regulation

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIAN TEA FUNGUS: KOMBUCHA

Objective: To characterize various physicochemical parameters for Russian tea fungus: Kombucha. Methods: In the present investigation, various physicochemical analyses of kombucha such as, estimation of biomass, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, carotenoid contents, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus were carried out after growing at different temperature and pH with varied concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% tea powder boiled for 10 min along with 5% sugar and filtered to obtain tea decoction. Results: The bacteria in kombucha were Gram-negative, flexible rods. Both bacteria and yeast were positive for acid and gas production with glucose and sucrose and negative with lactose. A highest biomass content of 33.39 and 32.9 g/l in 5 and 10% tea decoction respectively was observed when grown statically at 25 °C and pH 5.0. Highest carotenoids (92.5 μg/ml) content was found at normal pH without setting, while 85 and 84 μg/ml at pH 4.5 and 5.0 respectively under static condition. A highest DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) inhibition of 76.95% with IC50 value 3.26 mg/ml and ascorbic acid content of 33.19% were found with 5% tea at 25 °C and pH 4.5. Acetic acid, which was shown to be one of the antimicrobial agents in kombucha had the highest strength of 2.25 g/l in 5% tea grown at 25 °C and normal pH, while 4.5g/l at pH 4.5. The antibacterial activity showed the sensitivity of Escherichia Coli with 57% and Salmonella sp with 42.9% inhibition for kombucha grown at 25 °C and pH 4.5 when compared to positive control.Conclusion: Kombucha, a miracle drink can be exploited furthermore for human well-being through combating various health issues due to changing lifestyle