DEVELOPMENT OF ALLOTHERMAL GASIFICATION BY A DUAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNOLOGY

Allothermal gasification is a gasification process which separates oxidation process and other processes. So that, synthesis gas (syngas) could be produced from gasification with air as gasification agent. The main feature of allothermal gasification is how to transfer the heat of oxidation reaction to supply heat required for drying, pyrolysis and reduction processes. One of the techniques is to circulate bed material using a dual fluidized bed. Pressure loop and syngas composition resulted from gasification test is discussed. Pressure loop data of the Process Development Unit (PDU) facility showed a stable condition and resulted a continous circulation of the bed material. Therefore, heat transfer of oxidation reaction into a gasifier proceeded in a continous and stable way. A good heat transfer of the heat of oxidation reaction resulted a good quality of syngas where the composi- tion of H2 was close to 50% and the ratio of H2/CO was >2% which is suitable for chemical feedstoc

Innovating thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW): Socio-technical change linking expectations and representations

This paper combines two theoretical perspectives: future technological expectations mobilising resources; and social representations assimilating new ideas through anchoring onto familiar frames of reference. The combination is applied to the controversial case of thermal-treatment options for municipal solid waste (MSW), especially via gasification technology. Stakeholders’ social representations set criteria for technological expectations and their demonstration requirements, whose fulfilment in turn has helped gasification to gain more favourable representations. Through a differential ‘anchoring’, gasification is represented as matching incineration’s positive features while avoiding its negative ones. Despite their limitations, current two-stage combustion gasifiers are promoted as a crucial transition towards a truly ‘advanced’ form producing a clean syngas; R&D investment reinforces expectations for advancing the technology. Such linkages between technological expectations and social representations may have broader relevance to socio-technical change, especially where public controversy arises over the wider systemic role of an innovation trajectory

The Economic Feasibility of Using Georgia Biomass for Electrical Energy Production

This study investigates the potential for using biomass for the production of electricity in Georgia. The volume, important characteristics, and delivered costs per unit of energy are estimated for various locally produced biomass. Production of synthetic fuels using both pyrolysis and gasification technologies is investigated as potential means for converting biomass into electricity. Capital and operating costs for each of these two technologies are projected across three different scales of production. Estimated costs per unit of electricity generated are determined. It appears, under the conditions modeled, these technologies are not cost competitive with currently used technologies. Significant subsidies would be needed to induce the adoption of these technologies under current economic conditions.bio-electricity, bio-feedstocks, biomass, cost, electricity, Agribusiness, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Food Waste Gasification through Hydrothermal Carbonization Pre-treatment

Non-recyclable wastes promise great potential for the development of new and robust Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology. Most of these wastes consist of the vital energy contents which could potentially be converted to various forms of useful energy through advanced thermochemical processes such as gasification, thus helping to reduce landfill of wastes. In gasification technology, syngas (synthesis gas) as the energy source is produced, which mainly includes hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) contents. Food waste has a great potential in the energy field as a feedstock and it has the advantage in recovering energy since there is the high energy content help to reduce landfill. The equilibrium model of food waste gasification initially is developed by fixing the value of temperature at 1023K – 1173K with moisture content of 0% - 40% and equivalence ratio of 0.2 – 0.4, by using air as a gasifying agent. Secondly, mass and energy balance equations are solved to calculate the gasification temperature thorugh an iterative procedure. For this research, food waste has been collected and the ultimate and proximate analyses performed, and the data then fed into a gasification equilibrium model to compare the syngas production between non-pre-treatment and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) pretreatment food waste

Evolution of pore structure, submaceral composition and produced gases of two Chinese coals during thermal treatment

This research was funded by the Research Program for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Supervisor of Beijing (grant no. YB20101141501), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (grant no. 35832015136) and Key Project of Coal-based Science and Technology in Shanxi Province-CBM accumulation model and reservoir evaluation in Shanxi province (grant no. MQ2014-01).Peer reviewedPostprin

Optimization of Charcoal Production Process from Woody Biomass Waste: Effect of Ni-Containing Catalysts on Pyrolysis Vapors

Woody biomass waste (Pinus radiata) coming from forestry activities has been pyrolyzed with the aim of obtaining charcoal and, at the same time, a hydrogen-rich gas fraction. The pyrolysis has been carried out in a laboratory scale continuous screw reactor, where carbonization takes place, connected to a vapor treatment reactor, at which the carbonization vapors are thermo-catalytically treated. Different peak temperatures have been studied in the carbonization process (500-900 degrees C), while the presence of different Ni-containing catalysts in the vapor treatment has been analyzed. Low temperature pyrolysis produces high liquid and solid yields, however, increasing the temperature progressively up to 900 degrees C drastically increases gas yield. The amount of nickel affects the vapors treatment phase, enhancing even further the production of interesting products such as hydrogen and reducing the generated liquids to very low yields. The gases obtained at very high temperatures (700-900 degrees C) in the presence of Ni-containing catalysts are rich in H-2 and CO, which makes them valuable for energy production, as hydrogen source, producer gas or reducing agent.The authors thank the Basque Country Government (consolidated research groups funding and Programa predoctoral de formacion de personal investigador no doctor), Befesa Steel R&D company for financial assistance for this work and Biotermiak Zeberio 2009 S.L. for the supply of fresh biomass

Pyrolysis procesing of waste peanuts crisps

Wastes are the most frequent "by-product" of human society. The Czech Republic still has a considerable room for energy reduction and material intensiveness of production in connection with the application of scientific and technical expertise in the context of innovation cycles. Pyrolysis waste treatment is a promising alternative to the production of renewable hydrogen as a clean fuel. It can also reduce the environmental burden and the amount of waste in the environment at the same time. This paper presents the laboratory pyrolysis experiments of peanuts crisps waste to the final temperature of 800 °C. After the pyrolysis process of the selected waste a mass balance of the resulting products, off-line analysis of the pyrolysis gas and evaluation of solid residue in terms of adsorption properties and energy production and liquid products were carried out. The highest concentration of measured hydrogen (66 vol. %) was analysed during the 4th gas sampling at the temperature varying from 750 to 800 °C

The bioliq® bioslurry gasification process for the production of biosynfuels, organic chemicals, and energy

Background: Biofuels may play a significant role in regard to carbon emission reduction in the transportation sector. Therefore, a thermochemical process for biomass conversion into synthetic chemicals and fuels is being developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) by producing process energy to achieve a desirable high carbon dioxide reduction potential. Methods: In the bioliq process, lignocellulosic biomass is first liquefied by fast pyrolysis in distributed regional plants to produce an energy-dense intermediate suitable for economic transport over long distances. Slurries of pyrolysis condensates and char, also referred to as biosyncrude, are transported to a large central gasification and synthesis plant. The bioslurry is preheated and pumped into a pressurized entrained flow gasifier, atomized with technical oxygen, and converted at > 1,200°C to an almost tar-free, low-methane syngas. Results: Syngas - a mixture of CO and H2 - is a well-known versatile intermediate for the selectively catalyzed production of various base chemicals or synthetic fuels. At KIT, a pilot plant has been constructed together with industrial partners to demonstrate the process chain in representative scale. The process data obtained will allow for process scale-up and reliable cost estimates. In addition, practical experience is gained. Conclusions: The paper describes the background, principal technical concepts, and actual development status of the bioliq process. It is considered to have the potential for worldwide application in large scale since any kind of dry biomass can be used as feedstock. Thus, a significant contribution to a sustainable future energy supply could be achieved

Plastic recycling stripped naked – from circular product to circular industry with recycling cascade

This perspective combines various expertise to develop and analyse the concept of technology cascade for recycling waste plastics with the goal of displacing as much fossil crude oil as possible. It thereby presents archetype recycling technologies with their strengths and weaknesses. It then combines them in various cascades to process a representative plastic mix, and determines how much (fossil) naphtha could be displaced and at which energy consumption. The cascades rely on a limited number of parameters that are fully reported in supplementary information and that were used in a simple and transparent spreadsheet model. The calculated results bust several common myths in plastic recycling, e. g. by prioritizing here recycled volume over recycling efficiency, and prioritizing circular industry over circular products. It unravels the energy cost of solvent-based recycling processes, shows the key role of gasification and the possibility to displace up to 70 % of the fossil feedstock with recycled carbon, a recycling rate that compares well with that aluminium, steel or paper. It suggests that deeper naphtha displacement would require exorbitant amount of energy. It therefore argues for the need to complement recycling with the use of renewable carbon, e. g. based on biomass, to fully defossilise the plastic industry.</p