Full-wave analysis and applications of EBG waveguides periodically loaded with metal ridges

In this paper, a fast and accurate full-wave analysis tool of passive structures based on Electromagnetic-Bandgap (EBG) waveguides periodically loaded with metal ridges is proposed. For this purpose, a very efficient Integral Equation (IE) technique is followed to model the planar steps involving arbitrary waveguides. The well-known Boundary Integral - Resonant Mode Expansion (BI-RME) method is used to obtain the modal chart of the ridged waveguides. In order to show the advantages of this tool, a periodically loaded E-plane filter with improved stopband performance is analyzed and compared to standard implementation. Dispersion relations are also derived and used as guidelines for designing an EBG fifth-order low-pass filter

Фільтр нижніх частот п'ятого порядку на основі кристалоподібних неоднорідностей

Спроектовано низькочастотний фільтр п’ятого порядку на основі тривимірних електромагнітнокристалічних неоднорідностей. Виконано порівняння конструкцій та характеристик традиційного й запропонованого фільтрів.The fifth order low-pass filter based on three-dimensional electromagnetocrystalline inhomogeneities is designed. Comparisons of the structures and characteristics of the traditional and proposed filters are fulfilled.Спроектирован низкочастотный фильтр пятого порядка на основе трехмерных электромагнитноткристаллических неоднородностей. Выполнено сравнение конструкций и характеристик традиционного и предложенного фильтров

МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ФИЛЬТРОВ НА ОТРЕЗКАХ ЛИНИЙ ПЕРЕДАЧИ

The method of synthesis of electric filters on elements with distributed parameters is presented. This method for the first time allows designing frequency selective microwave circuits using the features of classical theory. A simple synthesis procedure presents the opportunity for the developer to perform calculations without applying additional transformations, which significantly affects the accuracy of time and production. An example of the synthesis of a fifth-order low-pass filter is given.Представлен метод синтеза электрических фильтров на отрезках линий передачи. Настоящий метод впервые позволяет проектировать частотно-избирательные цепи СВЧ, используя особенности классический теории. Простая процедура синтеза представляет возможность разработчику производить расчеты без применения дополнительных преобразований, что влияет на точность и время расчетов. Приведен пример синтеза фильтра нижних частот пятого порядка

Method of direct synthesis of electric filters on elements with distributed parameters

Представлен метод синтеза электрических фильтров на отрезках линий передачи. Настоящий метод впервые позволяет проектировать частотно-избирательные цепи СВЧ, используя особенности классический теории. Простая процедура синтеза представляет возможность разработчику производить расчеты без применения дополнительных преобразований, что влияет на точность и время расчетов. Приведен пример синтеза фильтра нижних частот пятого порядка. The method of synthesis of electric filters on elements with distributed parameters is presented. This method for the first time allows designing frequency selective microwave circuits using the features of classical theory. A simple synthesis procedure presents the opportunity for the developer to perform calculations without applying additional transformations, which significantly affects the accuracy of time and production. An example of the synthesis of a fifth-order low-pass filter is given

Novel Floating General Element Simulators Using CBTA

In this study, a novel floating frequency dependent negative resistor (FDNR), floating inductor, floating capacitor and floating resistor simulator circuit employing two CBTAs and three passive components is proposed. The presented circuit can realize floating FDNR, inductor, capacitor or resistor depending on the passive component selection. Since the passive elements are all grounded, this circuit is suitable for fully integrated circuit design. The circuit does not require any component matching conditions, and it has a good sensitivity performance with respect to tracking errors. Moreover, the proposed FDNR, inductance, capacitor and resistor simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the CBTA or can be controlled through the grounded resistor or capacitor. The high-order frequency dependent element simulator circuit is also presented. Depending on the passive component selection, it realizes high-order floating circuit defining as V(s) = snAI(s) or V(s) = s-nBI(s). The proposed floating FDNR simulator circuit and floating high-order frequency dependent element simulator circuit are demonstrated by using PSPICE simulation for 0.25 μm, level 7, TSMC CMOS technology parameters

A 60nm CMOS, 3rd and 5th Order Low Pass Filter with Higher Cut-off Frequency

The design of CMOS based low pass filter for analog-to-digital, digital-to-analog and audio applications is described in this paper. Active load resistor and floating inductor is used for the implementation of low pass filter. CMOS technology has become dominant over bipolar technology for analog circuits design in mixed signal system. The differential floating active inductor is designed with CMOS and current sources. The floating inductor may be electronically tuned by varying external bias voltage as well as current. The simulations are obtained by using 65nm CMOS technology on Tanner EDA tool 13.0. The filters are synthesized from 3rd and 5th order low-pass LC prototype and designed using ladder structure. Keywords: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), low pass filter (LPF), active resistor, Power delay product (PDP)

Inductanceless high order low frequency filters for medical applications

In this paper, a designed circuit used for low-frequency filters is implemented and realized the filter is based on frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) as an inductor simulator to substitute the traditional inductance, which is heavy and high cost due to the coil material manufacturing and size area. The simulator is based on an active operation amplifier or operation transconductance amplifier (OTA) that is easy to build in an integrated circuit with a minimum number of components. The third and higher-order Butterworth filter is simulated at low frequency for low pass filter to use in medical instruments and low-frequency applications. The designed circuit is compared with the traditional proportional integral controller enhanced (PIE) and T section ordinary filter. The results with magnitude and phase response were compared and an acceptable result is obtained. The filter can be used for general applications such as medical and other low-frequency filters needed

Analysis and Modification of an Electro-Oculometer

This paper describes an electro-oculometer and analyzes the electronic circuits required to process the signal. This electro-oculometer is a passive, two-channel device which detects the eye orientation using commercially available electrodes attached near the eyes. The electro-oculometer is composed of a special amplifier followed by a parabolic filter. The amplifier has high common mode rejection ratio, low drift, and low input bias current. Both DC and AC analyses of the electro-oculometer have been performed. The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the input stage of the device is computed both at low and high frequencies. The experimental data were then compared with theoretical results. A parabolic low pass filter was designed and implemented as part of the electro-oculometer. A parabolic filter was chosen because it gives a minimum overshoot step response. The input stage (preamplifier) of the electro-oculometer is modified so as to prevent a latch up problem. This latch up is a saturated state of the system. When the output of the system reaches saturation, the system cannot reset itself. The new configuration of the preamplifier does not require any extra active elements

Filter Design Considerations for High Performance Continuous-Time Low-Pass Sigma-Delta ADC

Continuous-time filters are critical components in the implementation of large bandwidth, high frequency, and high resolution continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The loop filter defines the noise-transfer function (NTF) and hence the quantization noise-shaping behavior of the ΣΔ modulator, and becomes the most critical performance determining part in ΣΔ ADC. This thesis work presents the design considerations for the loop filter in low-pass CT ΣΔ ADC with 12-bits resolution in 25MHz bandwidth and low power consumption using 0.18μm CMOS technology. Continuous-time filters are more suitable than discrete-time filters due to relaxed amplifier bandwidth requirements for high frequency ΣΔ ADCs. A fifth-order low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 25 MHz was designed to meet the dynamic range requirement of the ADC. An active RC topology was chosen for the implementation of the loop filter, which can provide high dynamic range required by the ΣΔ ADC. The design of a summing amplifier and a novel method for adjusting the group delay in the fast path provided by a secondary feedback DAC of the ΣΔ ADC are presented in detail. The ADC was fabricated using Jazz 0.18μm CMOS technology. The implementation issues of OTAs with high-linearity and low-noise performance suitable for the broadband ADC applications are also analyzed in this work. Important design equations pertaining to the linearity and noise performance of the Gm-C biquad filters are presented. A Gm-C biquad with 100MHz center frequency and quality factor 10 was designed as a prototype to confirm with the theoretical design equations. Transistor level circuit implementation of all the analog modules was completed in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process