Participatory Cultural Heritage Protection

Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk çalışmaları kapsamında yürütülen, “sponsorluk uygulamaları”, “yap işlet devret”, “restore et işlet devret”, “kar ortaklığı” gibi kamu-yerel-sivil-özel işbirliğini destekleyen faaliyetlerin, kültürel mirasın sürdürülebilir anlayışla (evrensel koruma ilkeleri temelinde) korunmasına yönelik uygulamalarda anahtar görev görebileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu uygulamalar sayesinde korunması gerekli kültür varlıkları ve alanlarının, kamu kaynakları dışındaki kaynaklarla da ihya edilmesiyle bu evrensel değerlerin gelecek kuşaklara bırakılması sağlanabilir. Bu bağlamda, sivil mimarlık örnekleri, anıtsal yapılar ve kentsel sit alanlarında gerçekleştirilebilen bu uygulamaların daha sistemli hale getirilmesinin yanı sıra, ülkemizin arkeolojik alanlarında da kullanılabilir bir yöntem olarak geliştirilmesi bu çalışmanın temel hedefi ni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada ülkemizdeki mevcut yasal düzenlemeler tartışılırken, uluslararası ölçekte katılımcı süreçler ve kültür varlıklarının fonksiyonel kullanımlarıyla ilgili bazı tespitlere yer verilecek, bir taraftan da korumada katılımcı süreçlerin gerekliliği tartışılacaktır. Ülkemizdeki kültürel mirasın korunmasında bir “kültürel miras politikası” nın varlığının önemi ve gereğinin yanı sıra, nasıl ve hangi kriterleri gözeten bir politika olması gerektiği de ortaya konulacaktı

Efficiency of Public Administration Management in Cultural Heritage Protection.

The publication analyzes the possibilities of building a model for effective public administration management in the field of cultural heritage protection using McKinsey 7S model. Bulgaria is a country with rich cultural and archaeological heritage since Roman and Byzantine times. Significant number of cultural monuments are located on the territory of the country and are officially recognized as “world cultural heritage” by UNESCO. In this regard, the failures of Bulgarian cultural heritage protection will be a threat to the world cultural heritage protection. The main objective of the study is to propose measures for the development of management and control effectiveness of cultural heritage protection carried out by the public administration (the staff of the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture)

A 100 years institutionalized cultural heritage protection. From the institutionalized international coopération intellectuelle to the human right to cultural heritage

Almost 100 years ago, the Commission International de Coopération Intellectuelle (CICI) was founded in 1922. Its goal and mission was to enhance peaceful cooperation between peoples via educational and cultural means. Although this Commission shared the fate of the League of Nations, CICI’s successor, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was more successful, laying the groundwork for various international agreements on the protection of cultural heritage. This article provides an overview from the beginnings of institutionalized cultural heritage protection in times of peace almost 100 years ago up until today, where so far both UN special rapporteurs for cultural rights have proclaimed a human right to cultural heritage. While this article concludes that such a specialized human right might still be in the making, sketching the evolution of cultural heritage protection from 100 years ago until the 21st century might allow also for an outlook on the future of cultural heritage protection

Durable Modified Polyacrylic Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection

INTRODUCTION Deterioration phenomena of ancient and modern stone cultural heritage are natural and unrestrainable decay processes mainly arising from water adsorption and percolation into stone building materials1. Once water attacks and penetrates stone surfaces, several chemical, physical and biological degradation processes can occur altering significantly, and in some cases even irreversibly, the properties of stone materials. The application of hydrophobic coatings to stone surfaces is mandatory to protect stone artefacts from the deleterious effects occurring in the case of water exposition. The protective agent must possess several features, i.e. high compatibility with the substrate, high durability, transparency, easiness of application and removal, water-repellency, capability to avoid the attack of organic and inorganic contaminants; moreover, it should be permeable to water vapor. The aim of the present work was to synthesize new polymer coatings as stone protective with satisfactory water repellent properties and improved durability, thanks to the combined use of fluorinated and long alkyl chain monomers and without the use of any photo stabilizers agents. EXPERIMENTAL/THEORETICAL STUDY New types of polymer protectives were prepared via free radical polymerization between either 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-octyl-methacrylate (POMA) or commercial stearyl methacrylate (STEA, Sigma Aldrich) and methacrylic monomers (methyl, MMA, and n-butyl, nBuMA, methacrylates)2,3. Specifically, POMA was synthesized via esterification reaction using methacryloyl chloride and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The properties of the home-made hydrophobizing polymers in terms of macromolecular structure, molecular weights, thermal features and water repellency were determined. Furthermore, the long-term behavior of these polymeric protective agents was estimated by means of accelerated aging tests exploiting UV radiations (in according to UNI 10925:2001 standard method for 100h, 315-400 nm for UVA rays and 280-315 nm for UVB ones). Their behavior over time was checked via Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) by evaluating Mn and D data of aged polymeric samples (Table 1) and by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By evaluating Mn and D data reported in Table 1, all the synthesized polymers seem to be unaffected by UV aging. Thus, the present stable resins were applied on both natural (Botticino marble) and artificial (mortar) stone substrates and their wetting properties together with their absorption by capillarity and water vapour permeability were successfully assessed and compared. All the covered substrates show an increase of water contact angle of around 50\ub0 and a decrease in water absorption and permeation of about 50% and 20%, respectively. Lastly, in order to evaluate the stability of the applied coatings towards degradation induced by solar radiation and interaction with the atmospheric pollution, exposure to a typical polluted urban environment for some months have been carried out. For this purpose, the following analyses have been performed: contact angle measurements, SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis), IC (Ion Chromatography), and colorimetric tests by CIELab elaboration. CONCLUSION The use of polymeric protectives is very advantageous in fields when the hydrophobic properties and high chemical stability are required. Within this context, the use of polymer resins bearing methacrylic and fluorinated monomers along the polymeric chain can be a way to create tailor-made water repellent materials with enhanced durability, without the addition of any stabilizing agent

Nozharov Sht.,”Efficiency of human resources management in the field of cultural heritage protection”, Conference Proceedings-XIII International Scientific conference “Management and Engineering ‘15”, TU-Sofia, Volume I, 2015, pp.404-413;

The publication analyzes the possibilities of building a model for effective public administration management in the field of cultural heritage protection using 7S - model of McKinsey. Bulgaria is a country with rich cultural-archaeological heritage since Roman and Byzantine times. Significant numbers of cultural monuments are located on the territory of the country and are declared as “world cultural heritage” by UNESCO. In this regard, the failures of Bulgarian cultural heritage protection will be a threat for the world cultural heritage protection. The main objective of the study is to propose measures for development of management and control effectiveness of cultural heritage protection, carried out by the public administration (the staff of Bulgarian Ministry of culture)

Nozharov Sht.,”Efficiency of human resources management in the field of cultural heritage protection”, Conference Proceedings-XIII International Scientific conference “Management and Engineering ‘15”, TU-Sofia, Volume I, 2015, pp.404-413;

The publication analyzes the possibilities of building a model for effective public administration management in the field of cultural heritage protection using 7S - model of McKinsey. Bulgaria is a country with rich cultural-archaeological heritage since Roman and Byzantine times. Significant numbers of cultural monuments are located on the territory of the country and are declared as “world cultural heritage” by UNESCO. In this regard, the failures of Bulgarian cultural heritage protection will be a threat for the world cultural heritage protection. The main objective of the study is to propose measures for development of management and control effectiveness of cultural heritage protection, carried out by the public administration (the staff of Bulgarian Ministry of culture)

The principles of Cultural Heritage Law based on the Polish Law as an example

The aim of this paper is to discussed the principles of cultural heritage law. Among the whole set of legal norms, principles of law are of particular importance. The attribute that gives a legal norm the status of a principle is its importance for the legal system. A significant division of legal principles introduces a distinction between the principles formulated directly in the legal text (explicit principles), the principles interpreter from the legal text, although not explicitly expressed in the legal text (implicit principles), and the principles of law not expressed in legislative acts but constituting an element of legal culture (second-degree implicit principles) and being a part of system of law. The cultural heritage protection law is now considered to be a comprehensive branch of law. One of the basic criterion for separating a branch of law is the existence of its proper principles of law, a premise which is satisfied in relation to the catalogue of principles presented in the article. An actual impact of the court jurisprudence on the interpretation of legal regulations concerning cultural heritage protection law becomes significant, however the greatest influence can be seen in establishing its own principles. The main principle is the principle of protection of cultural heritage. Among this principle other principles of cultural heritage protection law may be distinguished in particular (with the reservation that the catalogue presented in the article has an open character): the principle of access to cultural heritage, the principle of integrity of cultural heritage, the principle of property protection, the principle of social utility, the principle of control of preservation of cultural heritage, the principle of sustainable development, the principle of changing the utility value of cultural heritage over time, the principle of funding historical monument by the owner, the principle of funding from public resources, the principle of proportionality. Such a catalogue of the principles concerning the cultural heritage protection law should be formulated

The National Protective Inventory and Malta scheduled property register : Malta’s baseline for cultural heritage protection and more

Chapter 4Statutory heritage protection in the Maltese Islands first started in 1925 with the publication of the Antiquities (Protection) Act, which was followed by the Antiquities (Protection) List of 1932, amended in 1936 and 1939. Th e Antiquities (Protection) List was essentially a “shopping list” of properties meriting protection however the list was extremely basic and generic. The information provided varied depending on the familiarity with the sites by the people compiling the list at the time. No site plans were published with the list, indeed in certain cases a feature of a house in a street was the only feature being protected within a single locality which made locating the site in question difficult let alone its protection. Apart from this, little was done however to protect heritage in Malta between 1939 and 1992 when the (then) Planning Authority was set up. Indeed, heritage protection by MEPA commenced in 1994 with the identification of the most important archaeological sites and areas, delineation of Urban Conservation Areas for the fortified cities around the harbour and the identification of specific sites then under study through the Marsaxlokk Bay and North Harbours Local Plans. Protection of individual sites and buildings continued somewhat sporadically until 2006 when a thematic scheduling agenda was drawn up. Although a few groups of thematic scheduling had been carried out by then, most scheduling was undertaken depending on the studies being conducted at the time. The NPI and MSPR, originally referred to as the List of Scheduled Property started off as little more than a list similar to the Antiquities List with the addition of pertinent information such as the proper address, images, a site plan denoting the extent and site curtilage if necessary, and other information required for planning purposes. In the late 2000s, the need was felt for better organisation of the information available and with it the better organisation of the NPI and creation of the MSPR.peer-reviewe