Experimental Study on Cement and Fine Aggregate Replacement with Coal Bottom Ash in Seawater-Mixed Concrete

An experimental study was carried out to study the properties of concrete made with seawater as total mixing water, ground coal bottom ash as binary cement and coal bottom ash as sand replacement. The first stage mixes were prepared with three percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30) of ground coal bottom ash as partial replacement of binder. The second stage mixes involved 10 percent of ground coal bottom ash with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of coal bottom ash replacing natural sand. Properties investigated were materials properties, binder chemical composition, concrete hardened density, compressive strength, and SEM.  Test on hardened density was conducted on 7 and 28 days. Ground coal bottom ash was identified as Class F, while coal bottom ash has low specific density and high-water absorption compared to natural sand. Concrete density and compressive strength decreased on use of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate. Compressive strength was seen to decrease as CBA percentage rose, with the maximum value being 44.4 MPa for combination of 10 percent ground coal bottom ash and 25 percent coal bottom ash. Series with 10% CBA (ground coal bottom ash) reduces by roughly 51% while maintaining a sufficient structural strength value. The findings of this investigation showed that it is possible to produce seawater-concrete, which incorporates coal ash in concrete

Experimental Study on Cement and Fine Aggregate Replacement with Coal Bottom Ash in Seawater-Mixed Concrete

An experimental study was carried out to study the properties of concrete made with seawater as total mixing water, ground coal bottom ash as binary cement and coal bottom ash as sand replacement. The first stage mixes were prepared with three percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30) of ground coal bottom ash as partial replacement of binder. The second stage mixes involved 10 percent of ground coal bottom ash with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of coal bottom ash replacing natural sand. Properties investigated were materials properties, binder chemical composition, concrete hardened density, compressive strength, and SEM.  Test on hardened density was conducted on 7 and 28 days. Ground coal bottom ash was identified as Class F, while coal bottom ash has low specific density and high-water absorption compared to natural sand. Concrete density and compressive strength decreased on use of coal bottom ash as fine aggregate. Compressive strength was seen to decrease as CBA percentage rose, with the maximum value being 44.4 MPa for combination of 10 percent ground coal bottom ash and 25 percent coal bottom ash. Series with 10% CBA (ground coal bottom ash) reduces by roughly 51% while maintaining a sufficient structural strength value. The findings of this investigation showed that it is possible to produce seawater-concrete, which incorporates coal ash in concrete

Soluble pozzolanic materials from coal bottom ash as cement replacement material

Nowadays, intensive research in production of highly reactive pozzolanic materials from industrial waste to replace cement is crucial. This action expected to increase industrial waste recycling rate and at the same time reduce extraction of non-renewable resources of limestone. Unique characteristics of coal bottom ash as one of the industrial based pozzolan gained less popularity because of its low reactivity and heavy metal leaching due to conventional method used for disposal. Therefore, an alternative approach was deliberated in this research to utilize coal bottom ash into soluble form and enhance the quality of bottom ash as pozzolanic material. Coal bottom ash after the acid washing with optimum parameter was then undergoes solution-gelification process with various alkali based solution for 2 hours soaking durations. The conversion of coal bottom ash into soluble silica in this study demonstrates good pozzolanic performance in a state of siliceous gel pozzolan compared to the raw ones. 5% of cement replacement by soluble silica from CBA shows good strength development from early and later age. The physical dispersion effect is the cumulative effect of enhancement cement hydration due to the availability of increased the nucleation sites on soluble silica particles

Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash and Cattle Manure as Soil Ameliorant on Acid Soil and Its Effect on Heavy Metal Content in Mustard (Brassica juncea)

Coal bottom ash and cattle manure can be used as soil ameliorant. The application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure can improve the soil chemical properties, such as pH and the amounts of available nutrients in soil. The objective of the study was to understand the effect of coal bottom ash and cow manure application on soil chemical properties and heavy metal contents in soil and mustard (Brassica juncea).  A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, including three treatment factors, i.e. age of coal bottom ash (fresh, 4 months and 2 years), dose of coal bottom ash, i.e. 0, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, and dose of cattle manure, i.e. 0 and 10 Mg ha-1. The results show that the application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure increased the pH and the amounts of total-N, available-P and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) of the soil. The application of coal bottom ash increased the amounts of Pb, Cd and Co in the soil, but did not increase the amounts of Pb and Co in mustard, while the application of cattle manure increased the amount of Cd both in soil and mustard.  Keywords: Coal bottom ash, cattle manure, heavy metal, mustard, soil amelioran

Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash a Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal Acid Red 114 Dye

A research about adsorption of acid red 114 using coal bottom ash has been conducted. This research was aimed to examine the ability of coal bottom ash in acid red 114 adsorption. Some adsorption parameters i.e. dosage adsorbent, contact time and pH medium were examined in the adsorption processes. The characterization of coal bottom ash was determined using X-Ray Diffraction. Acid red 114 concentration is measured by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The adsorption percentage of acid red 114 on the coal bottom ash is 91.2% at pH 1.5; contact time 80 min, acid red 114 concentration 10 mg/L for every 1.5 g bottom ash

PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN WAKTU AKTIVASI COAL BOTTOM ASH TERHADAP NETRALISASI AIR ASAM TAMBANG DAN ADSORPSI LOGAM BERAT CU

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan efisiensi coal bottom ash dalam menetralkan air asam tambang dan menyerap logam Cu. Ukuran coal bottom ash yang digunakan bervariasi, 40-60 mesh, 60-100 mesh, dan >100 mesh. Masing-masing dari ketiga ukuran partikel tersebut diaktivasi selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam guna memperbesar luas permukaan dan menjadikannya sebagai adsorben. Aktivasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah aktivasi fisika. Pengujian adsorbsi dan penetralan pH dilakukan dengan waktu kontak selama 60 menit. Persamaan yang diuji adalah persamaan Langmuir dan Freundlich serta kinetika adsorpsi dengan model orde 1 dan orde 2. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran coal bottom ash 100 mesh dengan waktu aktivasi 3 jam memiliki kemampuan penetralan dan adsorpsi logam terbaik. Ukuran 100 mesh dengan aktivasi selama 3 jam dapat menaikkan pH menuju angka netral dari pH awal 4,0. Ukuran coal bottom ash 100 mesh tersebut memiliki kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 9,51 mg/g dan efisiensi 99,35% pada konsentrasi logam Cu 95,68 mg/L. Penelitian ini mengikuti persamaan isoterm Langmuir dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0.8199 dan megikuti model orde 2 dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9745. Kata kunci: air asam tambang, coal bottom ash, aktivasi, adsorpsi, pH, langmuir, orde

PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL DAN WAKTU AKTIVASI COAL BOTTOM ASH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN NETRALISASI AIR ASAM TAMBANG DAN ADSORBSI LOGAM CU

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan efisiensi coal bottom ash dalam menetralkan air asam tambang dan menyerap logam Cu. Ukuran coal bottom ash yang digunakan bervariasi, 40-60 mesh, 60-100 mesh, dan >100 mesh. Masing-masing dari ketiga ukuran partikel tersebut diaktivasi selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam guna memperbesar luas permukaan dan menjadikannya sebagai adsorben. Aktivasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah aktivasi fisika. Pengujian adsorbsi dan penetralan pH dilakukan dengan waktu kontak selama 60 menit. Persamaan yang diuji adalah persamaan Langmuir dan Freundlich serta kinetika adsorpsi dengan model orde 1 dan orde 2. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran coal bottom ash 100 mesh dengan waktu aktivasi 3 jam memiliki kemampuan penetralan dan adsorpsi logam terbaik. Ukuran 100 mesh dengan aktivasi selama 3 jam dapat menaikkan pH menuju angka netral dari pH awal 4,0. Ukuran coal bottom ash 100 mesh tersebut memiliki kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 9,51 mg/g dan efisiensi 99,35% pada konsentrasi logam Cu 95,68 mg/L. Penelitian ini mengikuti persamaan isoterm Langmuir dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0.8199 dan megikuti model orde 2 dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9745. Kata kunci: air asam tambang, coal bottom ash, aktivasi, adsorpsi, pH, langmuir, orde

A Review on Potential use of Coal Bottom Ash as a Supplementary Cementing Material in Sustainable Concrete Construction

The demand of concrete is increased rapidly due to worldwide growth in infrastructural development. Consequently, consumption of concrete also raises the demand for Portland cement, because it is the fundamental material in concrete construction. The increasing demand for Portland cement is expected to be encountered by introducing new supplementary cementing materials. Considering the sustainability of construction, it is imperative to develop supplementary cementing materials from the industrial waste by-products; one of such waste is the coal bottom ash, produced by coal-based thermal power plants. Previously several studies have been conducted on the utilization of coal bottom ash in its original form as natural sand replacement but limited research has been reported on the coal bottom ash as replacement of cement. It was observed through the literature review that the original coal bottom ash is porous in nature, and cannot be used as a replacement of cement, but after the proper grinding, it possesses the good pozzolanic property and could be utilized as replacement of cement in concrete. The result of this review has indicated that ground coal bottom ash has a good potential to be utilized as supplementary cementing materials in concrete construction. The aim of this review is to summarize the previous findings on the utilization of coal bottom ash as supplementary cementing materials in concrete construction. Hence, this article will deliver the key information and valuable material for the researchers looking for the supplementary cementing materials in the field of advanced concrete technology

Coal ash Portland Cement Mortars Sulphate Resistance

Coal fly ash (CFA), coal bottom ash (CBA) are residues produced in thermo-electrical power stations as result of the coal combustion in the same boiler. Therefore, some characteristics of the coal fly ash (CFA) are comparable with those of the coal bottom ash (CBA). Nevertheless, coal bottom ash size is larger than coal fly ash one. Consequently, it was found that it is necessary to grind the coal bottom ash (CBA) to reach a similar size to that one of the CFA. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of Portland cement mortars made with coal fly ash (CFA), coal bottom ash (CBA) or mixes (CFA+CBA), against sulphate attack. The methodology is based on the expansion of slender bars submerged in a sodium sulphate solution (5%) according to the ASTM C-1012/C1012-13 standard. It has been found that mortars elaborated with CEM I 42.5 N (without ashes) presented the largest expansion (0.09%) after a testing period of 330 days. Mortars made with CEM II/A-V exhibited lower expansion (0.03%). Summing up, it can be established that mortar expansion decreases when the coal ash amount increases, independently of the type of coal ash employed. The novelty of this paper relies on the comparison between the performances of Portland cement mortars made with coal fly ash (CFA) or coal bottom ash (CBA) exposed to external sulphate attack. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091640 Full Text: PD

Masonry mortars, precast concrete and masonry units using coal bottom ash as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract:] Granular coal combustion products are problematic waste materials whose use as aggregates in concrete has been extensively studied. However, its integration into other non-structural materials and elements has not been so widely documented. Masonry mortars, precast concrete and masonry units with different ratios of coal bottom ash replacing conventional aggregates have been studied. With the incorporation of coal bottom ash in the mortars, the workability, density and strength decrease whereas the porosity, the weight loss and the drying shrinkage increase. However, low replacement ratios have slight effects. The use of coal bottom ash as an internal curing water reservoir is proposed as the most promising future line of research.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad; BIA2017-85657-