1,504 research outputs found
Cardiac damage biomarkers and heart rate variability following a 118-km mountain race: relationship with performance and recovery
This study aimed to assess the release of cardiac damage biomarkers jointly with cardiac autonomic modulation after a mountain ultramarathon. Such knowledge and the possible relationship of these markers with race time is of primary interest to establish possible recommendations upon athletesâ recovery and return to training following these competitions. Forty six athletes enrolled in the Penyagolosa Trails CSP115 race (118 km and a total positive elevation of 5439 m) took part in the study. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TNT) concentrations as well as linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated before and after the race. NT-proBNP and hs-TNT significantly increased post-race; fifty percent of the finishers surpassed the Upper Reference Limit (URL) for hs-TNT while 87% exceeded the URL for NT-proBNP. Overall and vagally-mediated HRV were diminished and cardiac autonomic modulation became less complex and more predictable following the race. More pronounced vagal modulation decreases were associated with higher levels of postexertional NT-proBNP. Moreover, rise in hs-TNT and NT-proBNP was greater among faster runners, while pre-race overall and vagally-mediated HRV were correlated with finishing time. Participation in a 118-km ultratrail induces an acute release of cardiac damage biomarkers and a large alteration of cardiac autonomic modulation. Furthermore, faster runners were those who exhibited a greater rise in those cardiac damage biomarkers. In light of these findings, an appropriate recovery period after ultraendurance races appears prudent and particularly important among better performing athletes. At the same time, HRV analysis is shown as a promising tool to assess athletesâ readiness to perform at their maximum level in an ultraendurance race
Cardiac autonomic modulation before parachuite descent
Experiences resulting from multi-repetitions of parachute descents can reduce the changes in the cardiac autonomic modulation even in such a stressful situation as leaving the airplane.ZkuĆĄenosti vychĂĄzejĂcĂ z opakovanĂ©ho seskoku padĂĄkem vedou k redukci zmÄn aktivity kardiĂĄlnĂ autonomnĂ modulace i za podmĂnek opuĆĄtÄnĂ letadla pĆi vlastnĂm seskoku
Dynamic Resistance Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Stroke survivors are at substantial risk of recurrent cerebrovascular event or cardiovascular disease. Exercise training offers nonpharmacological treatment for these subjects; however, the execution of the traditional exercise protocols and adherence is constantly pointed out as obstacles. Based on these premises, the present study investigated the impact of an 8-week dynamic resistance training protocol with elastic bands on functional, hemodynamic, and cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, and plasma nitrite concentration in stroke survivors. Twenty-two patients with stroke were randomized into control group (CG, n=11) or training group (TG, n=11). Cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, plasma nitrite concentration, physical function and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after 8 weeks. Results indicated that functional parameters (standing up from the sitting position (P=0.011) and timed up and go (P=0.042)) were significantly improved in TG. Although not statistically different, both systolic blood pressure (Î=-10.41 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (Î=-8.16 mmHg) were reduced in TG when compared to CG. Additionally, cardiac autonomic modulation (sympathovagal balance-LF/HF ratio) and superoxide dismutase were improved, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl levels were reduced in TG when compared to the CG subjects. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that dynamic resistance training with elastic bands may improve physical function, hemodynamic parameters, autonomic modulation, and oxidative stress markers in stroke survivors. These positive changes would be associated with a reduced risk of a recurrent stroke or cardiac event in these subjects
Blood Pressure And Cardiac Autonomic Modulation At Rest, During Exercise And Recovery Time In The Young Overweight
This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold-HRVT (r=-0.46), %HRR2' (r=-0.48) and %HRR 5âČ (r=-0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR2' (r=-0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.221273
Higuchi fractal dimension applied to RR intervals in children with Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder
Background: Attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is categorized by a lowered attention span, recklessness, and hyperactivity. Autonomic nervous system inequality has previously been studied using the same data by chaotic global techniques. We aim to compare the autonomic function of children with ADHD and controls by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: 28 children with ADHD (22 boys, mean age 10.0 years ± 1.9 years) and 28 controls (15 boys, mean age 9.9 years ± 1.8 years) rested in supine position with spontaneous breathing for 20 minutes. Heart rate was recorded beat by beat. HRV analysis was performed by Higuchi Fractal Dimension technique. Results: ADHD promoted an increase in the Higuchi Fractal Dimension. The optimum value of Kmax was 10. Conclusion: ADHD signifi cantly altered cardiac autonomic modulation as measured by the Higuchi fractal dimension of HRV. It can therefore be stated that ADHD has increased the complexity of the HRV signal through cardiac autonomic modulation
Neurohumoral and ambulatory haemodynamic adaptations following isometric exercise training in unmedicated hypertensive patients
Objective:
Hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Isometric exercise training (IET) has been shown to be a useful non-pharmacological intervention for reducing resting blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to measure alterations in office BP, ambulatory BP, cardiac autonomic modulation and inflammatory and vascular biomarkers following a programme of IET in unmedicated hypertensive patients.
Methods:
Twenty-four unmedicated stage 1 hypertensive patients (age 43.8±7.3 years; height, 178.1±7 cm; weight 89.7±12.8 kg) were randomly assigned in a cross-over study design, to 4-weeks of home based IET and control period, separated by a 3-week washout period. Office and Ambulatory BP, cardiac autonomic modulation, and inflammatory and vascular biomarkers were recorded pre and post IET and control periods.
Results:
Clinic and 24-hour ambulatory BP significantly reduced following IET by 12.4/6.2 mmHg and 11.8/5.6 mmHg in systolic/diastolic BP, respectively (p<0.001 for both), compared to the control. The BP adaptations were associated with a significant (p=0.018) reduction in the average real variability of 24-hour ambulatory BP following IET, compared to control. Cardiac autonomic modulation improved by 11% (p<0.001), baroreceptor reflex sensitivity improved by 47% (p<0.001), and interleukin-6 and asymmetric dimethylarginine reduced by 10% (p=0.022) and 19% (p=0.023), respectively, which differed significantly to the control period.
Conclusion:
This is the first evidence of durable BP reduction and wider CVD risk benefits of IET in a relevant patient population. Our findings support the role of IET as a safe and viable therapeutic and preventative intervention in the treatment of HTN
Dynamic resistance training improves cardiac autonomic modulation and oxidative stress parameters in chronic stroke survivors : a randomized controlled trial
Stroke survivors are at substantial risk of recurrent cerebrovascular event or cardiovascular disease. Exercise training offers nonpharmacological treatment for these subjects; however, the execution of the traditional exercise protocols and adherence is constantly pointed out as obstacles. Based on these premises, the present study investigated the impact of an 8-week dynamic resistance training protocol with elastic bands on functional, hemodynamic, and cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, and plasma nitrite concentration in stroke survivors. Twenty-two patients with stroke were randomized into control group (CG, n=11) or training group (TG, n=11). Cardiac autonomic modulation, oxidative stress markers, plasma nitrite concentration, physical function and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after 8 weeks. Results indicated that functional parameters (standing up from the sitting position (P=0.011) and timed up and go (P=0.042)) were significantly improved in TG. Although not statistically different, both systolic blood pressure (Delta=-10.41 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (Delta=-8.16 mmHg) were reduced in TG when compared to CG. Additionally, cardiac autonomic modulation (sympathovagal balance-LF/HF ratio) and superoxide dismutase were improved, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl levels were reduced in TG when compared to the CG subjects. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that dynamic resistance training with elastic bands may improve physical function, hemodynamic parameters, autonomic modulation, and oxidative stress markers in stroke survivors. These positive changes would be associated with a reduced risk of a recurrent stroke or cardiac event in these subjects2019CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTĂFICO E TECNOLĂGICO - CNPQCOORDENAĂĂO DE APERFEIĂOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NĂVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAĂĂO DE AMPARO Ă PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SĂO PAULO - FAPESPnĂŁo temnĂŁo tem2017/21320-
POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IMPACTS LINEAR AND NON- LINEAR DYNAMICS OF HEART RATE IN DM TYPE 2
ABSTRACT Introduction: It is well known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) produces cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), which may affect the cardiac autonomic modulation. However, it is unclear whether the lack of glycemic control in T2DM without CAN could impact negatively on cardiac autonomic modulation. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with T2DM without CAN. Descriptive, prospective and cross sectional study. Methods: Forty-nine patients with T2DM (51±7 years) were divided into two groups according to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): G1â€7% and G2>7.0%. Resting heart rate (HR) and RR interval (RRi) were obtained and calculated by linear (Mean iRR; Mean HR; rMSSD; STD RR; LF; HF; LF/HF, TINN and RR Tri,) and non-linear (SD1; SD2; DFα1; DFα2, Shannon entropy; ApEn; SampEn and CD) methods of heart rate variability (HRV). Insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and HbA1c were obtained by blood tests. Results: G
Effects of Isometric Handgrip Training in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
BackgroundMetaâanalyses have shown that isometric handgrip training (IHT) can reduce brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) by >6/4 mm Hg, respectively. However, whether IHT promotes these effects among patients with peripheral artery disease, who exhibit severe impairment in cardiovascular function, is currently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of IHT on the cardiovascular function of patients with peripheral artery disease.
Methods and ResultsA randomized controlled trial with peripheral artery disease patients assigned to either the IHT or control group was conducted. The IHT group performed 3 sessions per week, for 8 weeks, of unilateral handgrip exercises, consisting of 4 sets of isometric contractions for 2 minutes at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction and a 4âminute interval between sets. The control group received a compression ball in order to minimize the placebo effects, representing sham training. The primary outcome was brachial BP. The secondary outcomes were central BP, arterial stiffness parameters, cardiac autonomic modulation, and vascular function. The IHT program reduced diastolic BP (75 [10] mm Hg preintervention versus 72 [11] mm Hg postintervention), with no change in the control group (74 [11] mm Hg preintervention versus 74 [11] mm Hg postintervention), with this betweenâgroup difference being significant (P=0.04). Flowâmediated dilation improved in the IHT group (6.0% [5.7] preintervention versus 9.7% [5.5] postintervention), with no change in the control group (7.6% [5.5] preintervention versus 7.4% [5.1] postintervention), with this betweenâgroup difference being significant (P=0.04). There was no change in other measured variables over the intervention period.
ConclusionsIHT reduced brachial diastolic BP and improved local vascular function in patients with peripheral artery disease
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Increased markers of cardiac vagal activity in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-associated Parkinson's disease.
PurposeCardiac autonomic dysfunction manifests as reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), but no significant reduction has been found in PD patients who carry the LRRK2 mutation. Novel HRV features have not been investigated in these individuals. We aimed to assess cardiac autonomic modulation through standard and novel approaches to HRV analysis in individuals who carry the LRRK2 G2019S mutation.MethodsShort-term electrocardiograms were recorded in 14 LRRK2-associated PD patients, 25 LRRK2-non-manifesting carriers, 32 related non-carriers, 20 idiopathic PD patients, and 27 healthy controls. HRV measures were compared using regression modeling, controlling for age, sex, mean heart rate, and disease duration. Discriminant analysis highlighted the feature combination that best distinguished LRRK2-associated PD from controls.ResultsBeat-to-beat and global HRV measures were significantly increased in LRRK2-associated PD patients compared with controls (e.g., deceleration capacity of heart rate: pâ=â0.006) and idiopathic PD patients (e.g., 8th standardized moment of the interbeat interval distribution: pâ=â0.0003), respectively. LRRK2-associated PD patients also showed significantly increased irregularity of heart rate dynamics, as quantified by RĂ©nyi entropy, when compared with controls (pâ=â0.002) and idiopathic PD patients (pâ=â0.0004). Ordinal pattern statistics permitted the identification of LRRK2-associated PD individuals with 93% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Consistent results were found in a subgroup of LRRK2-non-manifesting carriers when compared with controls.ConclusionsIncreased beat-to-beat HRV in LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers compared with controls and idiopathic PD patients may indicate augmented cardiac autonomic cholinergic activity, suggesting early impairment of central vagal feedback loops in LRRK2-associated PD
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